Tourism is the fastest growing economic industry and has become one of the leading sources of growth and development in South Africa. However, tourism is in a constant state of flux requiring continuous research to document and analyse these shifting trends. Since 1999, the iSimangaliso Wetland Park (South Africa’s first World Heritage Site) has been using ecotourism as part of its development and conservation strategy. This has resulted in the shift in tourism from what used to be a fishing destination prior 1999 to its current form as a premier ecotourism destination. The aim is to analyse and document the shift from mass tourism to ecotourism in iSimangaliso Wetland Park, using the Eastern Shores as a case study. Through modernism and postmodernism tourism discourse, this dissertation analyses visitor characteristics, behaviour and perceptions of both tourists and tourism businesses over time in an attempt to describe and explain the tourism shift on the Eastern Shores. This research reveals that there has been a distinct tourism shift in the Park from the ‘mass’ fishermen created by the Fordist mode of mass and standardised production to the more ecologically inclined ‘niche’ tourist where the de-differentiation of postmodernism has created diversified forms of tourists and tourism products. Within these broad classifications, this research has discovered the existence of more nuanced tourist profiles. Mass tourists range from the ‘sun, sea, sand, sex and sangria’ tourist to fishermen. Ecotourists on the other hand range from the casual or mainstream ecotourist who practices a shallow form of ecotourism to the dedicated ecotourist whose activities promote conservation and sustainable development allowing for a deeper form of ecotourism. Further, on the Eastern Shores, domestic coastal ‘mass tourists’ have also become more ecologically inclined. Previously these tourists would come for one activity, that is, to relax on the beach or fish. At present, the majority of these tourists now also pursue nature based activities, adventure tourism and/or sightseeing. The changes in the tourists visiting the Eastern Shores are representative of the global shifts in tourism that are currently taking place. Tourism is constantly evolving as part of global capitalism and will continue to shape tourism in iSimangaliso Wetland Park. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.

The purpose of this creative project was to create a diffuse system of tourism destination nodes and corridors that have various niche uses throughout Warren County. This diffuse approach utilized an eco-tourism pattern language that allows for less strain and maximum benefits on natural resources and cultural heritage. Theoretical knowledge on assessing eco-tourism principles and interpreting cultural landscapes was used to assess significant resources in Warren County. The significant natural resources such as water resources, wildlife corridors, topographic features, and vegetation were inventoried and analyzed. Cultural histories of the Seneca, pioneer trading, industrial practices, and Amish lifestyles were interpreted. Current plans of development along the Allegheny riverfront, MusariumTM, Northwest Pennsylvania Greenways, and the Allegheny Wilds, were considered, adapted, and critiqued for their usefulness to tourism development in the county. The consideration of these current plans, coupled with the frameworks of Christopher Alexander's Pattern Language, interpretations of cultural landscapes, and current GIS technologies were used in the creation of general eco-tourism pattern language that was applied to tourism destination nodes, corridors, and activity centers in Warren County.The city of warren serves as the county's central destination hub, from which corridors connect destination nodes that extend radially from the city. The nodes consist of the Kinzua Reservoir, the town of Tidioute, Chapman State Park, Buckaloons-Cornplanter State Forest, and the towns of Akeley-Scandia. Each of these destination nodes will be developed to represent and emphasize specific sub-cultures historically found in that area. / Department of Landscape Architecture

Mémoire (M.E.S.R.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1989. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Mémoire (M.E.S.R.) --Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

A festa da Colônia teve sua origem em 1984, quando um grupo de moradores da Linha Bonita, em Gramado/RS, propôs a realização de um momento festivo para a comunidade local. Logo a festa cresceu e ganhou identidade, passando a ser realizada no Centro de Gramado, sendo hoje um dos principais eventos turísticos da cidade. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo reforçar a aproximação entre a comunicação e o turismo, investigando como a mídia impressa divulga a Festa da Colônia de Gramado/RS. O corpus da pesquisa delimitou-se aos jornais Zero Hora, Pioneiro, Integração e de Gramado, utilizando-se como metodologia a Análise de Conteúdo conforme proposta de Laurence Bardin. Os resultados revelaram que os jornais são parceiros na divulgação dos principais aspectos que tornam a festa atrativa e frequentada, como também são os promotores dos elementos gastronomia, cultura e lazer, valorizando os participantes, quer sejam visitantes, promotores e/ou organizadores, bem como os elementos coadjuvantes, produtos e comercialização. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-05-12T14:06:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lirian Maria Meneghel.pdf: 1306722 bytes, checksum: 3c7adf2f7760d729b726a7ecfcc3fd44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T14:06:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lirian Maria Meneghel.pdf: 1306722 bytes, checksum: 3c7adf2f7760d729b726a7ecfcc3fd44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-12 / Colonia’s party had originated in 1984, when a group of residents of Linha Bonita, in Gramado / RS, proposed the holding of a festive time for the local community. Soon the party grew and gained identity, starting to be held in the Center City of Gramado and today is one of the major tourist events in the city. This research had as objective strengthen the rapprochement between communication and tourism, investigating how the print media disseminates the Colonia’s party of Gramado/RS. The corpus of the research was delimited to the newspapers Zero Hora, Pioneiro, Integração and Gramado, using the methodology of content analysis as proposal by Laurence Bardin. The results showed that the newspapers are partners in the disclosure of the aspects that make the party attractive and attended, as they are also the promoters of gastronomy, culture and leisure, valuing the participants, whether visitors, promoters and/or organizers as well as the supporting elements, products and commercialization.

The primary goal of my thesis is to develop a proposal of a project which would be focused on tourism development of the historical complex of Klenová; this complex is located in the Klatovy district in the region of Pilsen. There are two remarkable sights in this area, a) the ruin of the medieval stronghold of Klenová and b) the chateau of Klenová. Both of these are loosely connected to other historical sights and together they create an interesting face of the typical Czech landscape. Emerging from the executed SWOT analysis and subsequent SWOT matrix, the trouble spots have been identified and they became the source for the definition of strategic underdeveloped areas. These areas are appropriate to focus on and they are a part of the overall strategy. Next, these areas, which are in accord with the objectives of the project, are aimed to eliminate deficits and obstacles in the given locality. The areas in question are as follows: {$\bullet$} Tourism offers concerning products. {$\bullet$} The quality of service. {$\bullet$} Marketing and keeping the visitors informed. {$\bullet$} The infrastructure of tourism. Within the framework of these areas, partial targets have been determined. These targets are the source of consequent strategic measures. There is a certain amount of weaknesses to the castle area of Klenová. One of the major shortcommings is that guests tend to spend a short period of time in the area and that the infrastructure of the tourism is by no means sufficient. Furthermore, the quality of the services provided is below standards and tourists are confronted with lack of information concerning overall services. Finally, tourists are not given a sufficiently wide range of possibilities to spend their free time. The chateau of Klenová is always going to be a most important sight, but some refinements could be put into action to heighten the interest of tourists and to increase competitiveness towards other important sights. To interconnect a couple of cultural and historical sights into a single unit is more attractive for visitors, increasing attendance as well as extending the period of time the tourists are willing to spend in the area. The most effective way to connect sights in a comparatively small area seems to be an educational nature trail leading from one heritage landmark to another. The main goal of this thesis has been accomplished by the creation of a nature trail called "In the steps of ancient times, Klenova {--} Týnec {--} Loreta". The castle, the chateau of Klenová and its surroundings should provide the visitors with a wide range of possibilities to spend their free time. Morever, it should make them actually want to spend their free time in the particular area and make them want to come back. Simultaneously, all existing services should be provided on a satisfactory level while the organizational methodology and management should be improving at the same time.

A festa da Colônia teve sua origem em 1984, quando um grupo de moradores da Linha Bonita, em Gramado/RS, propôs a realização de um momento festivo para a comunidade local. Logo a festa cresceu e ganhou identidade, passando a ser realizada no Centro de Gramado, sendo hoje um dos principais eventos turísticos da cidade. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo reforçar a aproximação entre a comunicação e o turismo, investigando como a mídia impressa divulga a Festa da Colônia de Gramado/RS. O corpus da pesquisa delimitou-se aos jornais Zero Hora, Pioneiro, Integração e de Gramado, utilizando-se como metodologia a Análise de Conteúdo conforme proposta de Laurence Bardin. Os resultados revelaram que os jornais são parceiros na divulgação dos principais aspectos que tornam a festa atrativa e frequentada, como também são os promotores dos elementos gastronomia, cultura e lazer, valorizando os participantes, quer sejam visitantes, promotores e/ou organizadores, bem como os elementos coadjuvantes, produtos e comercialização. / Colonia’s party had originated in 1984, when a group of residents of Linha Bonita, in Gramado / RS, proposed the holding of a festive time for the local community. Soon the party grew and gained identity, starting to be held in the Center City of Gramado and today is one of the major tourist events in the city. This research had as objective strengthen the rapprochement between communication and tourism, investigating how the print media disseminates the Colonia’s party of Gramado/RS. The corpus of the research was delimited to the newspapers Zero Hora, Pioneiro, Integração and Gramado, using the methodology of content analysis as proposal by Laurence Bardin. The results showed that the newspapers are partners in the disclosure of the aspects that make the party attractive and attended, as they are also the promoters of gastronomy, culture and leisure, valuing the participants, whether visitors, promoters and/or organizers as well as the supporting elements, products and commercialization.

A presente dissertação apresenta um dos elementos constituídos do atrativo turístico, ou seja, edificações de valor histórico e memorial salvaguardadas pelo poder público local, inseridas no contexto urbano. Com o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar município de Caxias do Sul (RS) evolutivamente, bem como seu acervo tombado para possível utilização turística. Trata-se de um estudo transdisciplinar que faz relações envolvendo o patrimônio urbano-arquitetônico, a cidade, o turismo, a cultura, a memória e identidade. A metodologia teve orientação qualitativa exploratória e com os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: pesquisa bibliográfica, documental, iconográfica e etnográfica. Procura-se compreender o desenvolvimento da localidade com a evolução urbana, arquitetônica e também de sua legislação; como se deu o processo para o surgimento do Plano Diretor Municipal atual, e seus atores sociais envolvidos; como se deu o processo de preservação/conservação local; o levantamento dos bens materiais preservados; as relações entre o Plano Diretor Municipal, as edificações tombadas e o Turismo; e se este patrimônio protegido por meio legal encontra-se na memória de seus moradores, utilizando entrevistas encontradas no acervo do Arquivo Histórico Municipal. Elenca-se o município como objeto empírico, diferenciando-o como categoria específica de análise ao entrelaçar distintas áreas, na busca de um potencial turístico urbano, respeitando a legislação, mas também devolvendo à comunidade sua memória e identidade. / Presenting one of the constituent elements of the tourist attraction, buildings of historical and memorial values, safeguarded by the public administration, within the urban context, this master’s dissertation aims to evolutionarily analyze the municipality of Caxias do Sul (Brazil), as well its official historical landmark collection for possible tourist use. It is a transdisciplinary study, with relations between urban architectural heritage, city, tourism, culture, memory, and identity. For this dissertation, it was used a qualitative exploratory research, with the following methodological procedures: bibliographic, documental, iconographic and ethnographic research. It is intended to understand the city’s development in relation to the urban, architectural, and legal evolution; how has the current city’s master plan begun, and the involved social actors; how has the local preservation/conservation process made; the preserved materials’ survey; the relations between the City Master Plan, the buildings listed as historical heritage and Tourism; and verify if those legally-protected landmarks are in the memory of their residents, using interviews found in the collection of the Municipal Historical Archive. The municipality of Caxias do Sul is addressed as an empirical object, distinguishing it as a specific category of analysis when it is intertwined with distinct areas in the search of an urban tourism potential, respecting the law, but also bringing back memory and identity to its community.

A growing number of studies concerning cultural villages have in most instances tended to focus on the cultural village as almost legitimately self-explanatory and have not been particularly concerned with either how a particular history is produced in and through these villages, or with the ways that particular discourses and practices associated with heritage, tourism, community and development intersect in the production of these meanings. As such Mgwali Cultural Village seemed to promise something different in the form of cultural villages. The thesis argues that Mgwali Cultural Village is unique in the history of cultural villages in that it moves away from presenting a cultural village in Africa as tribal and primitive. It does this by opening up spaces for other aspects such as Christianity and resistance politics, story of Tiyo Soga rather than focusing and confining itself only to aspects cultural portraying Africans and traditional. It is imperative that cultural villages ought to be understood within a broader framework and context where its definition and presentation is not trapped into an anthropological paradigm thinking of exploring and discovering something new by tourists which they are not familiar with. However, the thesis also argues that much as Mgwali Cultural Village promised something new from the known through depiction of other aspects, those histories seem to be absent or marginal at the Cultural Village. The only aspects that are fore grounded are traditions and culture thus freezing Mgwali as a village and its people in time as if they have not evolved and its cultures are static and not dynamic. The thesis therefore explores all those contradictions, silences, or absence thereof of other stories and histories.

This study revolves around cultural heritage as a resource for tourism and within a placemaking. The chosen purpose is to study how an individual municipality relates to its specific cultural heritage and to investigate how cultural heritage can be used as a tourism resource and within a place-making. Hässleholm municipality is the subject of the study and the cultural heritage is the history about the guerrilla fighters and outlaws called snapphanar. The questions at issue are: How is the history of snapphanarna in Hässleholm municipality valued as a cultural heritage and as a tourism resource? How can Hässleholm municipality use its cultural heritage as a tourism resource and in a place-making? The theoretical understanding is mainly based on Jonas Grundberg's material on cultural heritage tourism and Lotta Braunerhielm's study on cultural heritage in place-making. A case study has been conducted using semi-structured interviews, unstructured interviews and observations. Interviews have been conducted with the responsible destination developer from the municipality, the castle manager at Hovdala Slott, the responsible at “Tourism in Skåne”, and ten locals. The results show that there is a discrepancy in how local residents value the cultural heritage of snapphanar versus how municipal responsible value them. Among other things, locals want the Snapphane heritage to bring more to life in the municipality and be used in tourism, something that is now not present. Furthermore, it is clear that the municipality does not see Hovdala Castle for all its values. The study provides tools for how Hässleholm municipality can use the cultural heritage of the history about Snappahanarna, together with Hovdala Slott, to create a more locally based tourism and as a way for a place making. / Denna studie kretsar kring kulturarv som en resurs för turism och inom ett platsskapande. Det valda syftet är att studera hur en enskild kommun förhåller sig till sitt specifika kulturarv samt att undersöka hur kulturarvet kan användas som en turismresurs och inom ett platsskapande. Hässleholms kommun är föremålet för studien och kulturarvet är snapphanehistorien. Frågeställningarna är: Hur värderas snapphanehistorien i Hässleholms kommun som ett kulturarv och som en turismresurs? Hur kan Hässleholms kommun använda sitt kulturarv som en turismresurs och inom ett platsskapande? Den teoretiska förståelsen utgår främst från Jonas Grundbergs material om kulturarvsturism och Lotta Braunerhielms studie om kulturarv inom platsskapande. En fallstudie har utförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer, ostrukturerade intervjuer samt observationer. Intervjuer har gjorts med ansvarig destinationsutvecklare från kommunen, slottschefen på Hovdala Slott, ansvarig på Tourism in Skåne samt tio lokalinvånare. Resultaten visar att det finns en diskrepans i hur kommuninvånarna värderar kulturarvet snapphanar kontra kommunansvariga. Lokalinvånarna vill bland annat att snapphanearvet ska levandegöras mer i kommunen och användas inom turism, något som nu inte är gällande. Vidare framgår att kommunen inte ser Hovdala Slott för alla dess värden. Studien ger verktyg till hur Hässleholms kommun kan använda sig av kulturarvet snapphanehistorien tillsammans med Hovdala Slott för att skapa en mer lokalt förankrad turism och som en väg för ett nytt platsskapande.