The physical traces left behind by the passage of lives constitute a form of collective memory; they are the tell-tale signs that suggest to us how things have come to be the way they are, remind us of they way they used to be, and suggest how they might become in the future. The physical world selects objects for preservation according to a capricious set of rules, choosing not only the extraordinary and the notable, but also the ordinary and the seemingly insignificant. When these traces of our experience are permitted to remain, places of extraordinary richness begin to develop, where heritage is not manufactured, but is allowed to evolve. Taking this process as a starting point, this Graduation Project began as an investigation into the reciprocal relationships that can exist between new architecture and its physical and historical contexts. It explores ways in which a new building can both affect and be affected by the residual traces of circumstances and activities that have occurred in a place over time, excavating and preserving the history of place, and sustaining this history by adding a new layer of meaning and form to an existing site. In the search to determine ways in which these time scales intermesh and layer within a set of spaces, another investigation occurred, into the relationships between form, scale, light, activity and the perception and experience of time. The site chosen for this project is a building lot on Columbia Street in New Westminster, containing the ruins of a commercial building dating from 1898. The programme was for an art college, containing a gallery, a lecture theatre, a library, offices and studios. In the design of a new building for this site, a number of existing elements were identified for their potential to suggest either aspects of the site's history or the design of new spaces: an old brick retaining wall whose bricked-in doorways suggest spaces underneath the adjacent street, a stone door-step recalling an entrance, a fragment of stone from an even older building that once stood on this site. New spaces were then ordered, both in relation to these found elements, and in relation to each other, based particularly on the ways in which they suggest and respond to the passage of time. An play of affinities and contrasts was established, whereby spaces are simultaneously related to, but distinguished from one another. The design of this building was therefore determined not only as a reaction to a given set of circumstances, but as a consideration of the ways in which the passage of time, both historical and daily, might be manipulated as an architectural element. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

The primary aim of this study was to determine who claims the corbelled buildings in the Karoo as their heritage and why. Through the use of vernacular architecture and heritage identification theory, interviews and research it is clear that the buildings are significant and a heritage resource. Their significance lies in their historical, social, aesthetic, symbolic and cultural values, as well as their unique vernacular construction and limited distribution. The corbelled buildings as vernacular buildings are part of the natural landscape which the local community associate as part of their identity and heritage. The buildings also possess academic and historical potential as they have the potential through further archaeological and vernacular architectural research, to provide more information on the northern frontier during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, a time that is not well recorded or documented. The buildings were built in 19th century along the ‘open’ northern frontier where there was intermingling and creolisation of people from different economic and social groups. As a result, they cannot be claimed by a single group of people in the present. The vast range in types and styles of corbelled buildings indicate that they were built by most people living in the area. They can therefore, be claimed by everyone who lives in the area today. They can also be claimed as national heritage as they possess values that are common to the whole country.

This dissertation addresses the relationship between life, time and architecture. It places the notion of memory within a changing landscape that stimulates remembrance; manipulating physical, functional, and sensorial experiences. As time changes and memories blur; there is a nostalgic longing for the creation of place to be used as a tool which both captivates and exhibits history and memory – a mnemonic machine exuding adaptation over time. The conceptual exploration sets a platform for celebrating the beauty and delight found in the poetics of the dairy production process, employing architecture as a tool to physically manifest the mystifying realm of the engagement between man and beast. The proposed site is identified within the historical precinct of Zwartkoppies, on the original farmstead of Sammy Marks, located on the eastern periphery of Pretoria. Situated in the life of the everyday - the site offers a platform for transformative practice within a mutable and flexible landscape. Through superimposing a highly mechanised process within a historic and weathered fabric of industrial memory, the programme intends to highlight the notion of a model farm typology, allowing the farmstead to once again be activated as a platform for training and experimentation. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

This research paper analyses the culture and community in Bo-Kaap, which is battling to preserve its heritage amid growing gentrification. Gentrification in this area is analysed as a special case in point, as although gentrification is happening in other neighbourhoods in Cape Town, Bo-Kaap is the home of Islam in South Africa, and is geographically set in a prime location of the city. This research paper includes an ethnographic study, as well as a photographic essay and a podcast series which supports the research in creative forms.The researcher interviewed several people from the area to discern the culture and the issues faced by the community. This paper examines the ethnographic lived experience of the researcher, as well as that of a local family. Three main events are examined to provide insight into the culture and community, namely an AirBnb traditional cooking experience, Eid AlAdha and the visit to the area by the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. The findings of this paper show that significant changes have and continue to occur, although the community is resilient in their efforts to preserve the culture. This research aims to provide additional and alternative records of the culture of the community as it stands in present day, in a holistic research effort. It also showcases the importance of the rich culture of the community which society needs to ensure is preserved.

付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第21934号 / 地環博第180号 / 新制||地環||36(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 広英, 教授 柴田 昌三, 准教授 深町 加津枝 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

Managers of historic sites need to understand their exposure to climatic and environmental change, which varies widely by property type and location. A large and evolving body of science and climate modeling identifies ongoing and future changes with increasing specificity. Changes range from the predictable, like mean temperature and sea-level rise, to the erratic, like storms and wildfires, and may include human adaptive measures like floodwalls and migration. These data can be cross-referenced against site attributes to evaluate risk. Relevant site attributes include location and topography, materials, character-defining features, landscape species, surrounding land uses, and operational needs. This work presents a vulnerability assessment protocol that serves to identify and rank risk in order to inform decision-making about adaptive measures, which can range from choice of repair materials to landscaping to relocation. When applied to a fleet of sites, the protocol can inform policy- and grant-making. / 1 / SPK / archives@tulane.edu

Pretoria is a city that was founded upon the abundant availability of fresh water. The source of this water can be found in a valley just south of the city centre, today known as Fountains Valley. Here the water surfaces from the depths at two separate spring eyes, forming the origins of the Apies River. Ultimately the Fountains Valley can be viewed as the origin of the city itself – the reason that made it possible for it to exist by providing fresh water of exceptional quality as it still does to the present day. In addition to the natural features, the Valley contains several sites of great historical and cultural significance. Despite their importance they now only serve as markers in the landscape, unknown to many, and bears silent testimony to the events that help shape the city, its identity as a place and the identity of those who reside in it. This dissertation will explore the potential of architecture to act as an agent in reviving the forgotten identity of the Fountains Valley, by redefining those lost elements and in order to truly understand and appreciate the significance of place and place identity and its ability to shape the identity of the individual. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2015. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

We do not see, to learn effectively from our past mistakes and, similarly, we do not seem to learn from the opportunities that architecture, beyond its utility, presents. The old Johannesburg gasworks site expresses the development of a city that originated from industrial sprawl. The massive post-industrial edifices of Johannesburg are canvases that portray years of production processes and reflect the Avant-garde of the time. However, the mono-functionality of the architecture of the Gasworks precinct, used for capital gain, has now left the site deserted after decommissioning in the late 1990’s. The site is an empty frame, privately bounded with no interaction with the surrounding context, or the city beyond. It is now a wasteland encroached by nature, infused with the remnants of human-made pollutants. But the critically located site oozes latent potential that, if managed appropriately, can transform the critical Empire Perth corridor, which stretches through the city of Johannesburg, a critical urban framework for the future development of the city. It is time that we learn from our past mistakes, using the memories of place, to produce an expressive and didactic architecture, educating people through a non-linear non-destructive space. This expressive architecture will create new memories and ideas, through encouraged dialogue. Where this architecture and process coincide in the urban context, it will deal with immediate environmental issues in spaces where constructive engagement with the public is encouraged. / Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

Hidden, 12 km from Middelburg, lies the historic mission village Botshabelo. Named Botshabelo, meaning “place of refuge” in the Pedi language as a symbol of a place that became a refuge for the people who fled from Sekhukhune land because of their faith. Within 10 years of its establishment, Botshabelo was self sustainable and it served as a trading post throughout the surrounding farmlands. Education was also seen as one of the driving factors behind the success of Botshabelo, however, the education system was severely affected by the Bantu Education Act, implemented in the 1950s. The apartheid legislation had many negative effects on Botshabelo, whose population predominantly consisted of Bapedi and Bakopa people, and eventually led to the forced removal of 100 families from the site. The site was then turned into an open air museum. In 2005 the families who were forcibly removed won a land claim in relation to Botshabelo and since then the site has been unused and its future is still uncertain. This dissertation addresses the reintroduction of the Botshabelo Community Trust1 to the site, thereby creating a new narrative for the site, while evoking memories of the past. The intention of this project is to protect Botshabelo’s value for the future, while creating continuity of experience between the past, present and future by using its narrative as a research method. / Versteek 12km buite Middelburg lê die historiese sendingdorpie Botshabelo. Benoem “Botshabelo, plek van toevlug” ‘n simbool van ‘n plek van toevlug vir die mense wat van Sekhukhune-land gevlug het weens hul geloof oortuiging. Binne 10 jaar van sy vestiging was Botshabelo selfonderhoudend en het dit ‘n soort handelspos geword in die omliggende omgewing. Onderwys was ook gesien as een van die bestuursfaktore wat die sukses van Botshabelo behels, maar die onderwysstelsel is ernstig benadeel deur die Wet op Bantoe-onderwys, wat in die 1950’s geïmplementeer is. Die apartheidswetgewing het baie negatiewe gevolge vir Botshabelo gehad, waarvan die bevolking oorwegend bestaan uit die Bapedi- en Bakopa-mense, wat uiteindelik gelei het tot die gedwonge verwydering van 100 gesinne van die terrein. Die werf is daarna in ‘n opelugmuseum omskep, maar in 2005 het die gesinne wat tydens die Apartheid era verwyder is, ‘n grondeis in verband met Botshabelo gewen. Sedertdien is die terrein ongebruik en die toekoms daarvan is nog onseker. Hierdie proefskrif handel oor die hervestiging van die Botshabelo gemeenskap na die terrein, met die skep van ‘n nuwe narratief vir die terrein, wat herinneringe uit die verlede terugroep. Die bedoeling van hierdie projek is om Botshabelo se toekomstige waarde te beskerm. Deur gebruik te maak van n narratief navorsings metode is kontinuïteit van ervaring tussen die verlede, hede en toekoms geskep. / Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

In this paper commentary is offered on the role of architecture in a democratic society, as manifested in its use as a tool in the creation of spaces through which the public has equal opportunities for expression and interaction, at both the micro and macro scales. How the public connects to the city is questioned, and the value of politicized South African architectural symbols to the current political environment, in which a higher level of transparency is being sought, is considered. The value of a localised platform acting as a mediator between architecture, the public and the political powers is argued for. Consideration is given to the greater continuum of architectural thinking by discussing modern examples of political ‘democratic’ architecture and comparing them to those seen in the South African context. Furthermore, an understanding of democracy in both the social and spatial realms becomes an important informant in establishing value to society. The intention with the paper is to contribute to a way of thinking when designing within the confines of buildings that have past or present political value, such as the Pretoria City Hall, by addressing the question of how politics shapes architecture and how architecture, through politics, shapes the political environment. The focus is on how architecture is able to change meaning by inverting past symbols, so that the existing is enabled to become more representative of and responsive to the current socio-political environment. / In hierdie referaat word kommentaar gelewer op die rol van argitektuur in ‘n demokratiese samelewing, waar dit gebruik kan word as ‘n instrument vir die skep van ruimtes wat aan die publiek gelyke geleenthede vir uitdrukking en interaksie verskaf, op beide die mikro- en makroskale. Hoe die publiek met die stad konnekteer word bevraagteken, en die waarde van verpolitiseerde Suid-Afrikaanse argitektoaniese simbole vir die huidige politiese omgewing, waarin ‘n hoër vlak van deursigtigheid nagestreef word, word oorweeg. Daar word ten gunste van die waarde van ‘n gelokaliseerde platform wat as bemiddelaar tussen argitektuur, die publiek en die politieke magte kan optree, geargumenteer. Die groter kontinuum van argitektoniese denke word oorweeg deur moderne voorbeelde van politiese ‘demokratiese’ argitektuur te bespreek en met dié binne Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te vergelyk. Verder word ‘n begrip van demokrasie op beide die sosiale en ruimtelike terreine ‘n belangrike informant in die vaslegging van waarde vir die samelewing. Met die referaat word daar beoog om by te dra tot ‘n manier van dink wanneer daar ontwerp word binne die grense van geboue met teenswoordige of geskiedkundige politieke waarde, soos die Pretoria Stadsaal, deur die vraag aan te spreek oor hoe politiek die argitektuur vorm en hoe argitektuur, deur politiek, die politiese omgewing vorm. Die fokus word geplaas op hoe betekenis deur middel van argitektuur verander kan word deur simbole van die verlede om te keer, sodat die bestaande meer verteenwoordigend van en responsief tot die huidige sosio-politiese omgewing kan word. / Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MArch (Prof) / Unrestricted