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Tirta šilauogės (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) vaisių biologiškai aktyvių junginių (antocianų) kiekinė ir kokybinė sudėtis. Tyrimo tikslas. Ištirti Lietuvoje introdukuotų šilauogių (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) veislių uogų kokybinę ir kiekybinę sudėtį, bei įvertinti uogų, uogos luobelių, minkštimo ir išspaudų ekstraktų antioksidacinį poveikį. Sodinių šilauogių kultūra sukurta XX amžiaus pradžioje JAV. Į Lietuvą pirmosios Šilauogės įvežtos 1969-aisiais metais ir iki šiol tyrinėjamos Lietuvos mokslininkų. Šilauogės priskiriamos prie netradicinių augalų, kurie buvo introdukuoti praeitame šimtmetyje. Bendras antocianų kiekis šilauogių uogose nustatytas spektrofotometriniu metodu. Didžiausi antocianų kiekiai nustatyti uogų luobelėse („Rancocas“ veislės luobelėse). Mažiausi antocianų kiekiai nustatyti uogų minkštime. Kiekinė antocianidinų sudėtis nustatyta efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodu. Atlikus tyrimus efektyviosios skysčių chromatogarfijos metodu, nustatyta, kad antocianidin�� kokybinė sudėtis uogoje ir jos dalyse yra identiška. Nustatyta, kad šilauogės uogose, luobelėse, minkštime ir išspaudose vyraujantis antocianidinas – malvidinas. Šio tyrimo metu siekta nustatyti ir įvertinti antioksidacinį šilauogių uogų, minkštimų, luobelių ir išspaudų poveikį.Šilauogės uogų ekstraktuose didžiausiu suminiu aktyvumu pasižymi „Berkeley“ veislė, kur inaktyvuoto DPPH laisvojo radikalo kiekis siekia 82,31 proc. / Qualitative and quantitative composition of anthocyanins in blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)fruits and their parts was assayed. The aim of our study was to evaluate total anthocyanin content and their composition in blueberries fruits, fruit skins, fruit pulp and pomace. For the quantification of total anthocyanins in fruits and their parts, spectrophotometrical assay was performed. The highest amount of anthocyanins was found in blueberry fruit skins ( in ‚Rancocas‘ cultivar skins). The lowest amount of anthocyanins found in blueberry friut pulp. High-performance liquid chromatography was applied for qualitative evaluation of individual anthocyanidins in the different material. Chromatographic analysis has shown that there are no differences in qualitative composition of anthocyanidins. In fruits and their parts, malvidin was found in the highest quantities. Difefernt cultivars of Vaccinium corymbosum L. species were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity. The highest amount of total antioxidant capacity was faud in ‚Berkeley‘ cultivar in fuits extract.

<p>In South Africa, it is estimated that approximately 70% of the population frequently make use of traditional medicinal plants for their health care needs. The use of Lessertia frutescens by the&nbsp / various cultural groups in South Africa dates back to the earlier civilizations and continues to be used today to treat a multitude of ailments. To get the best results from a medicinal plant, one&nbsp / &nbsp / would need to ensure that the crude material is of good quality through interventions like being properly grown, well dried and correctly processed. This would add a measure of quality&nbsp / assurance, which will contribute towards the safety and efficacy aspect of herbal medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate what impact a particular season of harvest and the time in&nbsp / storage would have on the flavonoid and triterpenoid marker levels of Lessertia frutescens. To achieve this, the following was investigated: (1) storage variation of Lessertia frutescens leaves&nbsp / by comparing the results obtained from the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the flavonoids and triterpenoids, (2) seasonal variation of Lessertia frutescens&nbsp / leaves by comparing the results obtained from the HPLC analysis of the flavonoids and triterpenoids, (3) leaf and stem variation of Lessertia frutescens by comparing the results obtained from HPLC analysis of the flavonoids and triterpenoids. The hypotheses were: (1) the stored sample would indicate the same level of the biomarkers for the flavonoids and triterpenoids, as that of&nbsp / the freshly prepared sample, (2) the sample that was harvested during the summer season would indicate higher levels of the biomarkers of&nbsp / flavonoids and triterpenoids than the other three&nbsp / seasons, (3) the leaf sample would indicate the same level of the biomarkers for the flavonoids and triterpenoids, as that of the stem sample. An Agilent 1200 series HPLC was used for the&nbsp / determination of the flavonoids sutherlandin A and sutherlandin D as well as the triterpenoids sutherlandioside B and sutherlandioside D. Results show that for both sutherlandin A (summer:&nbsp / 3.67 &plusmn / 2.88 mg/ml / storage: 4.07 &plusmn / 2.88 mg/ml) and D (summer: 4.10 &plusmn / 1.06 mg/ml / storage: 4.25 &plusmn / 1.06 mg/ml) show significantly (P &lt / 0.0001) higher concentrations in the case of the storage&nbsp / amples. For both sutherlandioside B (summer: 3.01 &plusmn / 0.39 mg/ml / storage: 2.82 &plusmn / 0.39 mg/ml) and D (summer: 5.82 &plusmn / 0.42 mg/ml / storage: 4.66 &plusmn / 0.42 mg/ml) show significantly (P &lt / &nbsp / .0001)&nbsp / higher concentrations in the case of the fresh summer samples.For the seasonal comparison, results show that for sutherlandin A (summer: 3.67 &plusmn / 12.49 mg/ml / autumn: 4.75 &plusmn / &nbsp / 12.49 mg/ml / winter: 4.23 &plusmn / 12.49 mg/ml / spring: 6.56 &plusmn / 12.49 mg/ml) show significantly (P &lt / 0.0001) higher concentrations in the case of the spring sample. For sutherlandin D (summer: 4.10&nbsp / &nbsp / 10.32 mg/ml / autumn: 6.37 &plusmn / 10.32 mg/ml / winter: 5.25 &plusmn / 10.32 mg/ml / spring / 6.08 &plusmn / 10.32 mg/ml) show significantly (P &lt / 0.0001) higher concentrations in the case of the autumn sample. For both sutherlandioside B (summer: 3.01 &plusmn / 7.19 mg/ml / autumn: 2.15 &plusmn / 7.19 mg/ml / winter: 2.89 &plusmn / 7.19 mg/ml / spring: 1.47 &plusmn / 7.19 mg/ml) and D (summer: 5.82 &plusmn / 14.48 mg/ml / autumn: 3.33 &plusmn / 14.48 mg/ml / winter: 4.23 &plusmn / 14.48 mg/ml / spring: 2.50 &plusmn / 14.48 mg/ml) show significantly (P &lt / 0.0001) higher concentrations in the case of the autumn sample. For the summer&nbsp / leaf/stem comparison, results show that for sutherlandin A (leaf: 3.67 &plusmn / 8.18 mg/ml / stem: 4.67 &plusmn / 8.18 mg/ml) show significantly (P &lt / 0.0001) higher concentrations in the case of the stem&nbsp / sample. For the sutherlandin D (leaf: 4.10 &plusmn / 4.81 mg/ml / stem: 3.31 &plusmn / 4.81 mg/ml) show significantly (P &lt / 0.0001) higher concentrations in the case of the summer leaf sample. For both the&nbsp / sutherlandioside B (leaf: 3.01 &plusmn / 4.24 mg/ml / stem: 3.62 &plusmn / 4.24 mg/ml) and D (leaf: 5.82 &plusmn / 0.42 mg/ml / stem: 5.80 &plusmn / 0.42 mg/ml) show significantly (P &lt / 0.0001) higher concentrations in the&nbsp / case of the stem samples. Results demonstrate that the production of secondary metabolites are influenced by&nbsp / &nbsp / environmental factors like seasonal harvesting, as indicated by the variation in the chemical constituent composition of Lessertia frutescens depending on the season collected in. Moreover, the storage of Lessertia frutescens for a period of one year resulted in an&nbsp / increase of two of the four constituents being monitored. There was slight variations in the chemical constituents, depending on whether the leaf or stem material of Lessertia frutescens was being used. Finally, the type of chemical constituent being monitored was also important in the consideration of this study. Therefore, this study can be seen as a starting point to further&nbsp / &nbsp / investigations of these aspects, which are of clinical, pharmacological and economic</p>

Thesis (M.Tech.: Biotechnology)- Dept. of Biotechnology & Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xv, 102 leaves / For decades the genus Aspergillus (of fungi) has been classified based on morphological and growth criteria. Members of the Aspergillus section Flavi are economically valuable and methods of differentiating them are thus very important. Several molecular methods have been developed to distinguish these strains. Also, a number of biochemical and genetic studies have been used in order to provide a better means of classification (Lee et al., 2004). Aflatoxins, the most frequently studied mycotoxins, are produced by certain Aspergillus species/strains/isolates of fungi. The aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway studies have led to a number of discoveries. Several structural and regulatory genes (and their enzymes) involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins have been discovered and purified (Trail et al., 1995). Aflatoxin production and contamination of agricultural crops are major causes of economic losses in agriculture. Thus, better methods of characterization/differentiation are required for both aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic isolates. Molecular biology is one of the current tools used to differentiate between these isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis has been used successfully in the analysis of DNA relatedness of species of fungi, bacteria, plants and animals. Dendograms which evaluate/assess the likeness between different isolates has also been used (Martinez et al., 2001). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis has been applied to a number of studies to detect differences between fungi and to establish relationships between them. Therefore, the scope of this study was to investigate RAPD analysis (with dendograms) and detection of RFLPs by hybridization as molecular methods that can distinctly differentiate or characterize the aflatoxigenic and non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus isolates.

Pastaruoju metu pasaulyje ir Lietuvoje vis didėja nesteroidinių vaistų nuo uždegimo (NVNU) vartojimas. Minėti vaistai turi įtakos virškinamojo trakto sutrikimams, kelia grėsmę širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemai. Dėl didelės NVNU sukeliamų komplikacijų rizikos, siekiama ieškoti naujų augalinių šaltinių, kurių vartojimas esant uždegiminiams procesams galimai sukelia mažesnius nepageidaujamus poveikius. Vienas iš potencialių variantų – gluosnio žievės ekstraktas. Gluosnis plačiai paplitęs augalas, pasižymintis priešuždegiminiu poveikiu, tinkamas vartoti esant osteoartritui, apatinės nugaros dalies skausmui, siekiant išvengti trombocitų agregacijos, slopinantis storosios žarnos ir plaučių vėžinių ląstelių proliferaciją. Tyrimo tikslas. Pritaikant efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodą nustatyti Lietuvoje augančių gluosnių žievėje esančio salicino kiekio pasiskirstymą. Uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti moksliniuose šaltiniuose pateiktą informaciją apie gluosnių gentį, augalo pritaikymą medicinoje, taikytinas tyrimo metodikas. 2. Nustatyti tinkamiausias ekstrakcijos sąlygas gluosnio žievėje esančių veikliųjų junginių ekstrahavimui bei optimizuoti efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos (ESC) metodiką junginių identifikavimui. 3. Atlikti gluosnio vaistinės augalinės žaliavos tyrimams pritaikytos ESC metodikos validaciją. 4. Statistiškai įvertinti bei palyginti gluosnio žievėje esančio salicino kiekio pasiskirstymą trijuose Lietuvos regionuose (Kelmės, Kauno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In the world and in Lithuania the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is growing. Mentioned drugs affect the digestive tract and threaten cardiovascular system. Due to the high risk of complications caused by NSAIDs it is aimed to find new sources of plants, whose use in inflammatory conditions potentially causes less side effects. One of the potential options is willow bark extract. Willow is wildspread plant, having anti-inflammatory properties, suitable for use in the treatment of osteoarthritis, low back pain, to prevent platelet aggregation, inhibitting proliferation of colon and lung cancer cells. Aim of the study. Using high-performance liquid chromatography to determine salicin distribution in the bark of Lithuanian willows. Objectives of the study: 1. Analyze and summarize the scientific sources of information about the willow genus, the plant application in medicine, applied research methodologies. 2. Determine the most appropriate conditions for the extraction of active compounds of the willow bark and optimize HPLC methodology for the identification of compounds. 3. Perform validation of HPLC method for studies of the willow bark. 4. Statistically evaluate and compare distribution of salicin amount of willow bark in the three regions of Lithuania (Kelmė, Kaunas, Marijampolė). HPLC was chosen as a method. The raw material moisture was estimated (from 7.98 to 12.61 per cent.). HPLC method was optimized, validated for the identification of active... [to full text]

Tyrimo objektas – kraujo plazma su vaistinių medžiagų mišiniu (buspirono hidrochloridu ir fluoksetino hidrochloridu). Šio tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti tinkamiausias ekstrakcijos sąlygas, reikalingas vaistų mišinio (buspirono ir fluoksetino) išskyrimui iš kraujo plazmos bei pritaikyti efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodiką vaistų mišinio veikliųjų junginių identifikavimui ir kiekio nustatymui. Darbo uždaviniai buvo pritaikyti ir validuoti efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodiką; išskirti buspirono ir fluoksetino vaistų mišinį iš kraujo plazmos skysčių – skysčių (SSE) ir kietafazės ekstrakcijos (KFE) metodais; optimizuoti geriausią ekstrakcijos metodą. Tyrimo metu buvo pritaikyta ESC metodika buspirono ir fluoksetino identifikavimui ir kiekio nustatymui. Atlikta ESC metodikos validacija: įrodytas specifiškumas, rezultatų glaudumas, remiantis koreliacijos koeficientu (R2) įvertintas metodikos teisiškumas, buspirono ir fluoksetino koreliacijos koeficientai atitinkamai lygūs 0,9997 ir 0,9998. Nustatytos aptikimo ribos (buspironui 0,4 µg/ml, fluoksetinui 0,75 µg/ml) ir nustatymo ribos (buspironui 0,75 µg/ml, fluoksetinui 1 µg/ml). Vaistinių medžiagų mišinys išskirtas iš kraujo plazmos SSE ir KFE metodais. Nustatyta, kad KFE yra greitesnis ir tikslesnis metodas lyginant su SSE, todėl KFE pasirinkta tolesniam metodo optimizavimui. Eksperimentai atlikti su 6 organiniais tirpikliais (metanoliu, etanoliu, propanoliu, trichlormetanu, dichlormetanu ir acetonitrilu)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of study – human plasma with the mix of two drugs (buspirone hydrochloride and fluoxetine hydrochloride). The aim of this study was to determine extraction conditions for buspirone and fluoxetine isolation from human plasma and to apply high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantitative analysis of the drugs after extraction. The objective was to apply and validate HPLC procedure; to extract buspirone and fluoxetine from human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE); to optimize efectiveness extraction method. The HPLC method for identification and quantitative analysis of drugs was optimized. The mobile phase was 0,1 per cent of trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile.Validation of the HPLC method was carried out. The specificity, precision, linearity, limits of detection (buspirone 0,4 µg/ml, fluoxetine 0,75 µg/ml) and quantification (buspirone 0,75 µg/ml, fluoxetine 1 µg/ml) were determined. Validate HPLC method was applied for analysis of buspirone and fluoxetine after extraction. Drugs were extracted from human plasma by LLE and SPE methods. The best recovery of analites gave SPE methods. The recoveries of the drugs using six different organic solvents (methanol, propanol, ethanol, trichloromethane, dichloromethane, acetonitrile) were examined. Selected the most appropriate environment (acidify) for methanol and the methanol percentage of the elution solvent (80 per cent). Selected two of the most appropriate... [to full text]

Thesis (PhD.(Physiology)--Faculty of Health Sciences)-University of Pretoria, 2008. / Summary in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-160). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Pharmacy)) - Rhodes University, 2009.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 57-60)