This thesis explores the growth of antislavery sentiment in the English-speaking world during the eighteenth century. I examine the institutional processes, transatlantic discourses, and ideological schema with which individuals and groups reformulated their identities as a means of extricating themselves from slavery's various social, economic, and ethical implications. I argue that abolitionism in England is best understood as the cumulative outcome to a series of identity reconstructions, and that a Histoire des Mentalités, as drawn from the Annales School, is an apt methodology for unmasking the structural underpinnings of an antislavery identity.

The thesis deals with the memoirs of Philippe de Commynes and the possibilities of their utilization as a source on the history of mentalities. This significant politician and diplomat of Burgundian origin, although little known in our country, left the court of Charles the Bold to be in service of Louis XI of France. In his memoirs, written after the death of Louis XI., Commynes firstly celebrates this sovereign and secondly he attempts to intensify the didactic scope of the text through various literary resources (digression, exempla), and he tries to stress on some political and moral premises. Regarding the focusing on readers of monarchs and courtiers side, the Memoires approaches a different literary genre - mirrors for princes. Their advices are however targeted practically and often there rebinds some pragmatism even in their ethic tone. A progressive, modern flow in thinking in the work of Phillippe de Commynes is represented by his rejection of "useless" knight graces and values such as pride and glory, and enforcing of "wisdom" perceived entirely newly as a political skill combined with caution. The second part of the thesis attempts to map the testimony of the Memoirs about diplomatic experience of the time, in which symbolic communication and ritual played an important role on one...

How has teachers’ work changed during the 20th century? This question is addressed in this dissertation that deals with two aspects of teachers’ work: moral education/discipline and care. The two aspects relate to two distinct, yet sometimes interconnected problems: the norm-breaking and the suffering child. Drawing on a rich source of material, consisting of handbooks, magazines and journals for teachers, interviews, life histories, school memories, novels, commission reports etcetera, and theoretically interpreted within a frame of mentalities, modernity and institutional features of schooling, the process of change is described in terms of contrasts between “the past” and “the present” or between the modern and the late modern condition. The results are presented in two parts, dealing with discipline (part II) and care (part III). Part II deals with changes in the meaning of discipline or moral education by focusing on the changes of what has been seen as a discipline problem, and the ways in which discipline problems can be counteracted. The question of the meanings of discipline problems is first illustrated by the “rise and fall” of the lying school child. The emphasis is on the ways in which the lie was held to be problematic in the early 20th century, but the fundamental aim is to understand the process of change whereby lies came to be seen as less important and dramatic as a problem for moral education. The meaning of discipline is further analysed in a study of conceptions of the school class. Contrasting the concept of bullying with the idea that the school class is characterised by a high level of solidarity (common in the first part of the 20th century), the changes of moral education are analysed. Further, the transformations of the school punishment are discussed, with a focus on ideas on the good punishment. After concluding the chapters on moral education, the focus shifts towards the teachers’ responsibility toward the suffering school child (part III). The point of departure here is that the problem of the suffering school child is not a self evident problem in the same way as the problem of the norm-breaking child. This means that the analysis of changes in caring relationships in schools has to focus on the ways in which suffering is made visible as a responsibility for the teachers. First there is an analysis of how the attitudes towards the value of being happy at school can shift historically, and how these changes can be related to shifting views on schooling as a phase of preparation. Further the process of making suffering visible is investigated. It is argued that contemporary teachers are both expected to and able to see the suffering of the child in a new way. Another chapter deals with school hygiene and “crisis pedagogy”. These are two different ways of speaking about what it means to work for wellbeing in schools that belong to two different historical time periods. The two projects are both about wellbeing, but the first had “sickness” as the fundamental concept, whereas the later has “sorrow” as its fundamental concept. The former is characterised by a belief in progress and segregation, whereas the latter is characterised by a belief in inclusion and close personal relationships. In describing aspects of teachers work that have often been perceived as difficult to handle, the dissertation’s object, in the widest sense, is to give new perspectives on the meaning of working conditions, and by implication, the historical changes of these conditions. In an even more general sense the aim is to give new perspectives on schooling in late modern societies.

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本論文試圖結合兩個層次的精神史（History of Mentalities）研究取徑－傾向個體層次的與傾向集體層次的精神史研究－來理解並建構王白淵的精神世界所體現的雙重結構：藝術心態與啟蒙心態。 本論文主要探討他一生中在三個都市與二個世代間身份流動的軌跡，戰前與戰後之間藝術心態與啟蒙心態的消長；並從他的作品，理解其美學觀點如何展現，藉以釐清其詩文的風格與核心關懷。王白淵的這些特質與經驗都可能影響各時期他對身份的抉擇，與對身份的認同。 一九二三年，王白淵因為藝術心態的茁壯而前往東京留學，在二O年代中期，受到影響而轉變，主要是產生啟蒙心態，並開始創作小說與詩文。啟蒙心態與藝術心態的並存，使他開始思考臺灣的問題。啟蒙的心態促使他走上文學之途。表現在他的散文與小說之中，是追求殖民地解放與自由；愛好藝術的心態令他始終未把畫筆拋去，表現在他的藝術理念上，是追求臺灣文藝的更上一層樓。而就在他意識到臺灣文藝的貧困之時，他出版詩文集《蕀の道》並開始與留學東京的學生與文化人共創「臺灣藝術研究會」，為臺灣的文藝而奮鬥。而王白淵的啟蒙心態在戰後初期的重現，使他投入媒體政治，創辦並參與多種左翼報刊，理性地提出對政府的建言與熱切的批評。戰後二．二八事件的影響下使他逐漸消音，然而卻仍持續關注臺灣文藝的發展。作為一個知識份子，王白淵始終關切臺灣的問題，並以文藝作為一條道路，他是日治時期朝向臺灣藝術文學發展的先驅，與為臺灣社會自由的目標而努力的一個典型。藉由他的例子，得以窺見日治時期文藝創作者在殖民情境下創作的「共同困境」，與理解其受到歷史事件影響下的身份抉擇與心態結構的多樣化與變遷。 / The thesis attempts to reconstruct the mental world of Wang Bai-yuan, represented as a dual artistic/enlightening mental structure, through the approach of the history of mentalities of both individual and collective levels. The thesis mainly examines Wang Bai-yuan’s mobile traces of identity among three cities in East Asia and related issues between two generations that he belonged, the rise and fall of his dual structure of mental world from prewar to postwar periods. In addition, the thesis explores his writing aesthetics through examining his works. Wang’s artistic-dimension mental structure was under forming around 1923 at a time when he went to Tokyo for the study of painting. In the mid-1920s, however, the enlightening-dimension of his mental world became dominant, which led him to start his writings of poetry and novel. The formation of the dual structure of his mental world around then led him to think over issues of colonized Taiwan, while his enlightening mind in particular led him to the road of literature. After 6-year in jail during wartime, the enlightening-dimension of his mental world reemerged in early postwar Taiwan, represented as his participations in left-wing presses where he voiced his criticisms and advices toward Chinese authorities newly arrived in the island.

Sujet aux contours mouvants, largement arpenté par les historiens, la question des espaces dédiés au bain attendait de rentrer pleinement dans le champ de l’histoire de l’architecture. Depuis quatre décennies elle se concentre sur l’étude des distributions et des manières d’habiter les grandes demeures de l’époque moderne. Une étude sur le temps long était nécessaire pour saisir les changements subtils des formes et des usages des pièces de bains. L’enquête est circonscrite par deux moments charnières pour l’histoire de l’architecture française : d’une part, l’avènement de François Ier en 1515 qui inaugura une politique artistique ambitieuse, en particulier dans les résidences royales ; d’autre part, la fin du règne de Louis XV en 1774, marquée en outre par le décès de Jacques-François Blondel, protecteur d’un classicisme architectural hérité du Grand Siècle. L’étude est fondée sur un corpus de notices monographiques embrassant le large spectre de l’habitat, du palais à la maison. Les sources de l’histoire de l’architecture, l’analyse du bâti des bains subsistants ont permis de définir des typologies d’espaces et des manières d’habiter. Afin de rendre plus sensible l’usage des lieux, le questionnement a été élargi à l’histoire de la médecine et des mentalités. / The theme of spaces dedicated to bath is a hardly defined subject, well studied by historians, but which had to be broached through the history of architecture. This field of study has focused for decades to analyse the layout and the ways of inhabiting in the great residences of modern times. A study on an extended period of time was necessary to understand the subtle changes of forms and uses of bath rooms. This study is defined by two turning points in the history of French architecture: on one hand the accession of François Ier in 1515, whom inaugurated an ambitious artistic politics, in particular for royal residences; one the other hand the end of the reign of Louis XV in 1774, furthermore the year of the death of Jacques-François Blondel who was a defender of an architectural classicism inspired by the Grand Siècle. This study is based on a catalogue of monographic notes incorporating the wide-ranging aspect of the housing, from palaces to houses. The sources of the history of architecture and the study of the construction of remaining baths made possible a definition of spaces typologies and ways of inhabiting. In order to make clearer the use of spaces, the study was enlarged to the history of medicine and mentalities.

Captives. The works of Johannes Schiltberger, George of Hungary and Konstantin Mihailović as testimonies about late medieval search for identity and cultural integration in the Muslim world Bc. Karolina Srncová The master's thesis enquires into the phenomenon of late medieval reflection on Muslim society in captivity narratives, treatises and memoirs from the pen of former Christian captives. Through a comparison of testimonies by three Europeans, who spent long years in Ottoman or Tatar captivity, the thesis investigates the process of their integration in the Muslim world, their perception of this world, and the notion of it they kept after their return to Christian Europe. Apart from the literary reflection on the other the thesis also pursues authors themselves - how they perceived and constructed their cultural identity in the strange environment, what long-term modus vivendi they employed and by what narratives they tried to present their infidel past back in their homeland. Thus the work aims to contribute to our notion of the Christian-Ottoman encounters in the 15th century, but also to consider the cultural adaptability of late medieval man and the role of captives, men between two worlds, who had to cope with the demands of such an adaptation.

The main thematic scope and basis of the PhD thesis is the specific movement in the historiography called duchové dějiny (in English partly misleading translation intellectual history) in the form, in which it was developed in German speaking lands as Geistesgeschichte, and in the Czech historiography as duchové dějiny outlined by Zdeněk Kalista. In the PhD thesis duchové dějiny is put into the wide context of the development of historical thinking and methodology in the 19th and 20th century. The PhD thesis treats the subdiscipline of duchové dějiny in many perspectives and at different levels and thematically is not enclosed by the boundaries of the duchové dějiny itself. The duchové dějiny is here in a way an optics through which one line of historiography and historical thinking in the 19th and 20th century is observed, treated and interpreted. The PhD thesis also aims to connect the history and its methodology with the archivistics and archival theory. In this way proposes the thesis certain solutions. Nowadays, duchové dějiny belongs rather to the marginal movements or subdisciplines in the historiography in the Czech and German speaking lands, contrary to intellectual history in Anglophone areas. In spite of this the PhD thesis tried to show, that the duchové dějiny is still alive,...