Malaria is endemic in Uganda. The study attempted to determine how Ugandan caregivers managed home-based care of fever. Structured interviews were conducted with sixty caregivers of children under five. In 15 (25.0%) out of the 60 interviewed households, at least one child had reportedly died from malaria. Caregivers’ decisions were influenced by health education, family members, community leaders and other caregivers. Most caregivers knew about malaria, but lacked knowledge about its danger signs, and about the services of village drug distributors. Most caregivers initiated treatment for fever at home before taking the children to health units. Mosquito nets, indoor residual spraying and other malaria preventive measures were rarely used due to lack of funds. The recommendations include that anti-malaria drugs should always be available and accessible, the services of village drug distributors should be improved, health education should be enhanced, malaria preventive measures should be implemented and sustained. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Orientador: Joelcio Francisco Abbade / Banca: Eliana Goldfarb Cyrino / Banca: Vera Lúcia Garcia / Resumo: A implantação de estratégias que articulem universidade, serviços e comunidade são práticas de ensino-aprendizagem que, cada vez mais, ganham espaço na área da saúde, estimulando instituições de ensino superior na adequação de políticas de ensino voltadas para a formação de um profissional generalista, capacitado a entender o processo saúde-doença nos diferentes níveis de atenção. O presente estudo objetivou conhecer o perfil das famílias que receberam visitas domiciliares realizadas por estudantes dos 1º e 2º anos de graduação em Medicina e em Enfermagem na disciplina de Interação Universidade Serviços Comunidade da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, durante o ano de 2011. Nesse estudo foram realizadas 124 entrevistas a usuários cadastrados nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde ou Unidades de Saúde da Família da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do município de Botucatu - SP, que participaram das visitas domiciliares em 2011, e aplicado um questionário semi estruturado, identificando-se suas características socioeconômicas e demográficas. Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o software SPSS/WindowsÒ (versão 10.5), calculamos as porcentagens das variáveis estudadas e utilizamos o teste de qui-quadrado, com correção de Pearson quando necessário, considerando-se nível de significância de 5%. A análise dos resultados possibilitou conhecer as características dos moradores do domicílio, das condições de vida familiar, bem como o meio em que vivem e como vivem e identificamos que não há diferença significativa entre as famílias selecionadas em dois anos diferentes e consecutivos. Assim, entendemos que nossos resultados podem contribuir para o planejamento das atividades de visita domiciliar realizada pelos estudantes da Disciplina IUSC / Abstract: The establishment of strategies that articulate the university, the services and the community are teaching-learning practices which have increasingly gained space in the health area, stimulating higher education institutions to adequate the teaching policies directed to the formation of a generalist professional, qualified to understand the health-disease process at the different care levels. The present study aimed to learn the profile of families that received home visits by 1st and 2nd-year undergraduate students of Medicine and Nursing during the discipline Interação Universidade Serviços Comunidade da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, in 2011. In this study, 124 interviews were conducted to users registered at the Basic Health Units or Family Health Units of the Secretariat of Health of Botucatu Municipality - São Paulo State, which participated in the home visiting in 2011, and a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to identify socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. For statistical analysis, the software SPSS/WindowsÒ (version 10.5) was employed; we calculated the percentages of the studied variables and used the Chi-square test, with Pearson's correction when necessary, considering a significance level of 5%. Analysis of the results allowed us to learn the characteristics of the residents of the home, the living conditions of family, as well as the environment where they live, and we identified that there is no significant difference between the families selected in two different and consecutive years. Thus, we understand that our results may contribute to the planning of home visiting activities done by students of the Discipline IUSC / Mestre

Après avoir été contre-indiquée, l’activité physique prend une place de plus en plus importante dans la prise en charge de la sclérose en plaques (SEP). L’entraînement à intensité faible ou modérée est largement documenté, contrairement à la haute intensité. Ce travail s’est intéressé aux effets de l’entraînement en intervalle à haute intensité combiné au renforcement musculaire durant 12 semaines chez 26 patients atteints de SEP. Nos résultats indiquent que la consommation pic d’oxygène, la puissance maximale tolérée, la force isocinétique des quadriceps et ischio-jambiers, ainsi que la qualité de vie sont améliorées. Les femmes présentent des améliorations plus importantes et plus nombreuses que les hommes, cependant le niveau de handicap ne semble pas limiter les améliorations. Notre travail a permis de démontrer que l’entraînement en intervalle à haute intensité combiné au renforcement musculaire est bien toléré et permet des améliorations des capacités physiques et de la qualité de vie. / After being contraindicated, physical activity take an increasingly important place in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). The training at mild to moderate intensity is widely documented, contrary to the high intensity training. This work has focused on the effects of high intensity interval training combined with resistance training during 12 weeks in 26 MS patients. Our results show that peak oxygen consumption, maximum tolerated power, isokinetic muscle strength in both quadriceps and hamstrings and quality of life are improved. Women show more important and more numerous improvements than men, however, the disability level does not seem to limit improvements. Our work has demonstrated that high intensity interval training combined with resistance training is well tolerated and allows physical capacities and quality of life improvements.

Magister Public Health - MPH / The Zambia Demographic Health Survey reports that 81% of the population of Mansa District, Zambia lives in extreme poverty. Eleven percent (11%) of this population is estimated to be HIV positive. Many of this HIV positive population were the primary breadwinners in their households prior to the onset of AIDS. The majority of them are cared for by family members (PCGs) with limited training. Home Based Care programmes provide care and support to patients at their homes. However, this support does not extend to the caregivers. This explorative study investigated the psychological, social and informational needs of primary caregivers of AIDS patients in Mansa District, Zambia. It was envisaged that the findings of the study would assist home-based care organizations to provide comprehensive support and care to the primary caregivers, in addition to patients. Methods A qualitative research approach was chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of healthrelated experiences of caregivers while taking into consideration the context within which this phenomenon takes place. Twenty-six caregivers who provide basic care and support to family members who had advanced HIV-disease were recruited into the study. All AIDS patients in the study were former breadwinners of their households. Purposive, maximum variation sampling was used to select non-homogeneous cases of family caregivers, who provided services to AIDS patients within their homes. It was envisaged that such a heterogeneous sample would provide wide variations in experiences, and this would contribute to the range of issues pertaining to caregiver needs being covered. Three Focus group discussions were conducted, audio-tape recorded and transcribed. Findings The findings of the study highlight that caregivers have the following psychological needs: reciprocated sympathy and appreciation from society and their patients, stress coping mechanisms, and the capacity to display patience despite unreasonable demands made by the patients for whom they are caring. The study highlights that caregivers face numerous challenges in dealing with conflicting relationships and in handling stigma and discrimination, and that they are in need of a strong social support network. It also emphasizes that many of the primary caregivers lack adequate information about social services organizations that can assist them with training. The training will enable those (PCGs) to provide care in a manner that does not compromise the safety of the patients or themselves, as well as give them opportunities for education and skills development for income generation that will make it possible for them to provide for the upkeep of the family. Conclusions Home-based care workers are best placed to support PCGs at home. The training of such home-based workers should be extended to take in consideration the specific needs of these caregivers. In addition, the role of primary caregivers should be acknowledged in national HIV/AIDS strategies.

Standard economic models often emphasize inputs, outputs and an examination of the structures in order to conduct an economic performance evaluation. This study applies the Institutional and Development Framework (IAD) in the broader context of New Institutional Economics (NIE) in order to examine the transaction costs of delivering Community and Home Based Care and Support (CHBC) to HIV/AIDS sufferers. For purposes of unveiling the empirical reality guiding decision making processes in the CHBC service delivery, comparative qualitative research techniques of normative variable and concept formation have been adopted to draw out the relative institutional influences from the HIV/AIDS national response partnerships. The study identifies the conflict between the predominantly standardized and more rigid formal management techniques adopted by key members of the national response and the informal cultural techniques familiar to the rural communities, and a lack of motivational incentives in the CHBC structures as the key factors against CHBC capacities to draw external funding for service delivery. CHBCs are also weakened by incoherent governance structures at the district level for facilitation of funding and information flow exacerbating the community vulnerability. Rationalization of the institutional arrangements and a clarification of roles from district to community levels, a shift of focus to facilitation of informal techniques and an integration of performance enhancing incentives are the critical policy insights envisaged to spur CHBCs to work better.

This study examined the home-based family literacy practices of one Hispanic family, especially focusing on the parents' memories of home-based and school-based literacy activities, current home-based literacy activities and functions, and the interface of home-based family literacy practices and school-based literacy expectations. Ethnographic data offered insight into the understanding that literacy acquisition begins in the home and is dependent and reflective of literacy experiences that are sociocultural based. These home-based family literacy activities and functions are broad in scope and are valuable forms of literacy. However, these activities of marginalized families are often regarded as unimportant and/or unrelated to school-based literacy expectations, and therefore inferior. In response to this perceived mismatch between home-based family literacy activities and school-based literacy expectations, educators approached families from a deficit perspective. This deficit assumption created a sense of devalue on the part of the parents, who assisted their children by culturally and socially relevant means. To meet the school-based literacy expectations familial relationships were jeopardized as the pressure, frustration, and guilt from educators can result in emotional and physical abuse from mother to her children.

I samband med Covid-19-pandemin har en snabb omställning skett i det svenska arbetslivet och många har övergått från arbete på kontor till arbete hemifrån enligt restriktioner (Folkhälsomyndigheten 2020). Studiens syftet är att öka förståelsen för offentligt anställdas upplevelse av hemarbete i relation till psykosocial hälsa och utifrån det belysa vad som kan tas i beaktning vid arbetsorganisering efter pandemin. Således utgår studien ifrån två frågeställningar där den första berör upplevelsen av hemarbete medan den andra berör en tänkbar framtid i arbetets utformning. Studiens empiri har formats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, vidare bygger studien på ett fenomenologiskt förhållningssätt där intervjuerna väglett den teori som lyfts upp. Empirin har vidare analyserats med hjälp av olika teorier och begrepp som främst antar ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att upplevelserna av hemarbete är både positiva och negativa i förhållande till den psykosociala hälsan. Upplevelserna är i stora drag entydiga även om viss variation beroende av individuella faktorer återfinns. Avsaknaden av sociala relationer för både arbetet och välbefinnandet tillsammans med ökad integrering av arbete och fritid har varit de tyngre betonade resultaten. Samtidigt har självständiga arbetsuppgifter visat sig fungera bättre i hemmiljö och medarbetarna upplever en ökad effektivitet och minskad restid som två starka fördelar. / Due to the Covid-19 pandemic the working life has changed dramatically in Sweden where people are restricted to work in their original workplace and instead instructed to work from home (Folkhälsomyndigheten 2020). Through semi structured interviews this study aims to understand employees' experience of home based telework in the public sector, mainly in relation to their psychosocial health, and based on that shed light on how work could be organized post Covid-19. The study utilizes two questions to answer the purpose, where the first one focuses on the employees' experience of home based telework while the second one focuses on how future work could be organized. The empiric is based on a phenomenological approach where the interviews have guided the theory, and it has been further analyzed with the help of different social psychological perspectives. The main result shows that the experience of home based telework has both positive and negative characteristics relative to psychosocial health. The experience is broadly unambiguous although some variation depending on individual factors have been found. The absence of social relations for both work and wellbeing together with an increased integration of work and leisure have been the most strongly emphasized results. Simultaneously, independent work tasks have proven to operate better in the home environment and employees experience increased efficiency and reduced travel time as two major benefits.

India is becoming one of the biggest garment producers in the world and at the bottom of the industry women can often be found working from their homes because of norms restricting them what to do and where to go. These women often work under middlemen who take advantage of their disempowerment. The well-known Indian trade union/social movement the Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA) established its producer-company Ruaab to eliminate the middleman and link the home-based workers directly with the fashion companies. This study investigates in what ways the women’s participation in the producer-company Ruaab impact their empowerment process. It is based on a two-month long field study in Delhi, India in which interviews were conducted with women working at three of Ruaab’s centers. Drawing on Mosedale’s definition and Rowland’s analytical framework, the thesis looks at if the women are empowered in three different dimensions: personal, close relations and collective. The results show no clear patterns of empowerment but that SEWA’s work improves many aspects of the women’s life, and that their work should be considered an enhancing part in the women’s empowerment process.

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M. Tech. (Department of Visual Arts and Design: Fashion, Faculty of Human Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / Customer satisfaction has proven to be a major determinant on the success or failure of a business. Regrettably, fashion entrepreneurs are not meeting customer expectations because they have problems that are affecting the quality of their work. In order to promote customer satisfaction, fashion entrepreneurs require a master plan that is customer-based. Thus, they could implement customisation of garments to address customers’ concerns. It is, therefore, crucial for home-based fashion entrepreneurs to be aware of their customers’ needs and the factors that affect their satisfaction to boost its levels. Based on this background, it was found necessary to conduct a research study with the aim to determine factors that affect customer satisfaction of custom-made garments produced by home-based fashion entrepreneurs in the Emfuleni Local Municipality. A qualitative study, applying purposive and snowball sampling techniques, was conducted by means of one-on-one interviews. Data saturation guided the study and was reached after nineteen women were interviewed and two more interviews were done to enhance credibility. Analysis of data was conducted applying the six stages of Creswell’s approach of data analysis. During this process four themes emerged and were presented in line with their categories. The study findings revealed that some of the factors that largely influenced customer satisfaction were service quality, product quality, price, value and location. Garment fit and uniqueness were also found to be reasons why participants opted for custom-made garments. However, some of the participating women did not get the satisfaction they were seeking. Their satisfaction was negatively affected by garment quality, lack of communication, missing delivery deadlines and inaccessibility of the entrepreneur. The research outcome provides home-based fashion entrepreneurs with useful information to improve the levels of customer satisfaction.