Yao, Wang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-39). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Contents --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- A Case Study of the Land Market in Hong Kong --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Background --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Institutions related to the land market --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Land Disposals --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Public Housing --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Recent Land and Housing Market History --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Land Supply and Land Prices --- p.11 / Chapter 3 --- A Theory of Political Economy of Land Supply --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1 --- Model Setup --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2 --- Definition of Equilibrium --- p.19 / Chapter 3.3 --- Equilibrium Characterization --- p.20 / Chapter 3.4 --- Comparative Statics --- p.28 / Chapter 4 --- Conclusion --- p.31 / Appendix --- p.33 / Reference --- p.38

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Internationally, a number of studies on property cycles have been undertaken. In contrast very little academic research has been undertaken in South Africa. The importance of the subject is once again become evident given the recent global turbulence in both property and credit markets. The central hypothesis of this study is that there exists a residential property cycle in South Africa and that it can be identified and that furthermore there are indicators that can identify the various stages that the property market finds itself in and that these indicators can be used to forecast the property cycle. A number of potential drivers of the property cycle were identified and analysed. These drivers collectively propel the property cycle through its various cycle stages. Not one of the drivers in isolation has the ability to move the cycle; it is rather the correct combination of drivers at the right time that have the necessary impact to make the changes in property price levels. The study has identified the historical residential property cycle in South Africa and identified the primary drivers of the property cycle. It was found that Interest Rates, GOP, Population, Household Debt to Disposable Income ratio, Quantity of Building Plans Approved and Building Cost Escalation are all material drivers in defining the property cycle. A statistical analysis in the form of multiple regression was applied to the above variables and a statistical model was developed to forecast the property cycle. It was found that the model has significant explanatory powers when the goodness of fit was tested. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die sentraal onderstelling van hierdie studie is dat daar 'n residensiele eiendom kringloop in Suid-afrika bestaan en dat dit geidentifiseer kan wees en dat bowendien daar aanwysers wat die verskeie stadiums van die eiendom mark kan identifiseer vind en dat hierdie aanwysers gebruik kan word vir voorspelling van die eiendom kringloop. 'n Aantal potensiele drywers van die eiendom kringloop was geidentifiseer en gean ali seer. Hierdie drywers gesamentlik dryf die eiendom kringloop deur sy verskeie kringloop stadiums voort. Nie een van die drywers in isolasie het die vermoe om die kringloop te beweeg nie; dit is liewer die korrekte kombinasie van drywers op tyd wat die nodige impak het om die veranderinge in eiendom prys vlakke te maak. Die studie het die historiese residensiele eiendom kringloop in Suid-afrika geidentifiseer en die primere drywers van die eiendom kringloop. Dit was gevind dat Rentekoerse, GOP, Populasie, Huishouding Skuld tot Weggooibare Inkomste Verhouding, Hoeveelheid van Gebou Pia nne Goedgekeur en Gebou Kos Eskilasie is almal materiaal drywers in definieer van die eiendom kringloop. 'n Statisties analisering was aangewend aan die bo onkonstante en 'n statistiese skema was ontwikkel om voorspelling van die eiendom kringloop te bepaal. Dit was gevind dat die skema beduidende verduidelike kragte het wanneer die goedheid van pas getoets was.

Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning har till viss del visat att psykologi och känslor influerar människors finansiella beslut och att dagens bostadspriser kan påverkas av beteendefinansens fallgropar. Tidigare empiriska studier har utgått från en kvantitativ- eller experimentell ansats och det saknas därför forskning med en kvalitativ utgångspunkt gällande bostadsköpares beteende samt bostadsprisernas bakomliggande faktorer på bostadsrättsmarknaden i Linköping. Med tanke på att fastighetsmäklare indirekt har möjlighet att observera hur bostadsrättsköpare agerar på bostadsrättsmarknaden, finns intresse att undersöka vad de har noterat. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att, utifrån fastighetsmäklares erfarenheter, identifiera eventuella psykologiska bias vid köp av bostadsrätter och analysera effekter av bostadsköpares beteende vid bostadsrättsköp. Genomförande: I denna kvalitativa studie har åtta intervjuer genomförts med fastighetsmäklare från Linköpings marknadsledande byråer. Samtliga fastighetsmäklare besitter erfarenheter kring huruvida bostadsrättsköpare beter sig på bostadsrättsmarknaden i Linköping. Den insamlade empirin har analyserats utifrån tidigare empirisk forskning inom forskningsområdet, i syfte att analysera effekterna av bostadrättsköpares beteende. Slutsats: Studiens resultat har till viss del kunnat konfirmera att fastighetsmäklare kan utnyttja psykologiska bias, på grund av att människor inte agerar rationellt, med förhoppning om att höja slutpriset på en bostadsrätt i Linköping. Resultatet indikerar även att den befintliga teorin om kalendereffekter går att ifrågasätta. / Background: Previous research has shown, partially, that psychology and emotions can influence peoples’ financial decisions and that current housing prices are a result of biases. Previous empirical studies have taken a quantitative- or experimental approach and there is therefore no research with a qualitative perspective regarding homebuyers’ behavior and house prices underlying factors at the co-operative apartment market in Linköping. Given that real estate agents’ indirectly, are able to identify and interpret how homebuyers act on the co-operative apartment market we find it interesting to scrutinize what they have observed. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to, according to real estate agents’ experiences, identify biases on the co-operative apartment market and analyze the effects of homebuyers’ behavior when buying co-operative apartments. Completion: In this qualitative study, eight interviews where conducted with real estate agents from real estate agencies in Linköping. All real estate agents possess experience about how homebuyers behave at the co-operative apartment market in Linköping. The collected empirical data have been analyzed on the basis of previous empirical research in the field of this research area, in order to analyze the effects of homebuyers’ behavior. Conclusion: This paper can partially verify that real estate agents can use biases, because of the fact that homebuyers don’t act according to the rational model, with the intension to raise the closing price. The study also indicated that the theory about calendar effects can be questioned.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Economics

The aim of the dissertation is to examine the costs in township housing and to identify some major issues and concepts by means of a case study for consideration by planners. The study is divided into three main sections. The first deals with some concepts of cost, the need for cost awareness, and a justification of the dissertation topic. The South African low income housing policy is also discussed insofar as it is of concern for planners. The second section consists of a case study of a case study of the Phoenix New Town design. An alternative to that of the Phoenix design is put forward and both are then evaluated in terms of criteria specifically formulated for that purpose. The last section concerns the conclusions of the case study, and contains some policy and design implications for planners. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, 1979.

A great deal of research has been carried out on residential property values and numerous factors have been identified as having an effect on residential property values. The physical characteristics of properties of properties are the primary factors that determine the market value of residential property. However, factors concerning location are also thought to influence the value of residential properties. These locational factors include, among others, accessibility to highways, airports, schools, parks and public transportation centres. This study examines the effect of another locational factor, namely proximity to a newly built shopping centre. Shopping centres have been increasing in numbers throughout South Africa over the past few decades. These shopping centres are usually situated in close proximity to residential properties. As such, shopping centres that are in close proximity to residential properties can influence property prices. This study makes use of the hedonic price model to assess the price impact of the newly constructed Baywest Mall on the residential properties in the western suburbs of Nelson Mandela, namely Sherwood, Rowallan Park and Kunune Park. On 21 March 2012, the construction of the Baywest Mall was officially announced. This announcement created an area of interest as to whether its construction and completion would have an impact on the prices of residential properties situated in close proximity to the mall. The study period for this study was from 2004 – 2015. This time period is thought to be sufficient to assess the effect of the Baywest Shopping Mall on the residential property prices before and after the announcement of the construction of the mall. As the study period ranged from 2004 – 2015 it was necessary to adjust the sales prices over the years to constant 2015 prices. As such, the ABSA house price index was used in order to eliminate any inflationary effects on the property values over the study period. The results of the study revealed that the newly built Baywest Mall has a statistically significant positive effect on properties in close proximity to the shopping mall. This result enhances the scientific understanding of the effect of commercial land uses, such as, shopping centres, on the value of adjacent residential properties.

This master thesis deals with the analysis of housing prices in Prague. The main goal is to identify and explain the factors which have an influence on the prices of flats at the macro and micro level. Two spatial statistic methods, namely multiple linear regressions and geographically weighted regressions (GWR), are used in the first part of the thesis, which deals with the prices in Prague in general. The influence on the values of flats in Prague basic settlement units caused by several factors such as the distance from the Old Town Square, age of dwellings, the presence of migrants or air pollution was investigated using these two methods. The price map of the association of real estate agencies, the Czech Statistical Office and the Prague Institute of Planning and Development provided the data used in the presented research. Price profiles from the centre of Prague to the suburbs in various directions were also created and analyzed. Factors with an influence on housing prices at the micro level in a case study of the Prague cadastral territory of Modřany are described in the second part of the thesis. The analysis of new developer projects and older flats in panel houses investigates the influence on the housing prices caused by factors such as noise, physical condition of apartments and the quality of...

The real estate market in Sweden has been subject to substantial increases in prices over a significantly long period of time. This paper means to to delve deeper in light of this, and further examine the price development for single family houses during the period between 2006-2020 in Staffanstorp municipality. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the independent variables population density, real mortgage interest rate, real disposable income, unemployment rate, level of education and rate of construction have any significant price-determining effects on single family houses in the chosen area.  The goal of this study will be answered by applying a quantitative method with a deductive perspective. The paper consists of data from 21 different Swedish municipalities over a period spanning 14 years with a number of observations totalling to 315. The data material is balanced and complete with no statistical losses during the entirety of the examined period. The study also relies on support from a variety of different previous studies throughout the majority of the paper. The authors review the empirical results by applying a econometric multiple regression analysis with one-way-fixed effect panel data and thereafter come to the conclusion that real mortgage interest rates, real disposable income and unemployment rates are the most statistically significant variables thus making them the primary price-determining factors for single family houses in Staffanstorp municipality.  In addition, this paper seeks to contribute to an increased understanding between a select few econometric factors and their price-determining effects on the real estate market in Sweden and more particularly, the real estate market in Staffanstorp municipality during the period of 2006-2020.

This study investigates the long- and short-run relationship between stock- and housingprices in Finland, Denmark, Norway and Sweden between 1987-2017 and 1995-2017 with data from OECD statistics. By using interest rate as a control variable and Johansen's Test for Cointegration, the results show a significant relationship for Finland during the period 1995-2017. The short-run analysis implies a credit effect, which is inline with previous studies. However, in Denmark, Norway and Sweden the analysis show no sign of cointegration. A possible explanation for the insignificant results could be the high degree of policy implementations and changes to market structures in the early 1990s, which theoretically could be controlled for by including additional control variables in the analysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the amortization requirements of 2016 and 2018 haveaffected the housing prices in Stockholm county, using an event-study approach and a regressionanalysis. Furthermore, the paper studies how the regulations have affected single-family housescompared to tenant-owned apartments, if the effect was different for tenant-owned apartments ofdifferent sizes and if existing housing compared to newly produced housing were affected differently.The reasoning behind the introduction of amortization requirements was to regulate and decreasegrowing household indebtedness that was making Swedish households vulnerable to changes in theoverall economy. The second requirement aimed to further regulate household indebtedness and wasexpected to lower housing prices, which it received criticism for. The report is limited to thedevelopment of house prices for single-family houses and tenant-owned apartments betweenDecember 2013 and February 2019.The primary findings of this report are that the amortization requirements have resulted in decreasedexpected returns. Consistent with previous literature, the introduction of macroprudential policiesreduced the price growth for existing tenant-owned apartments and decreased the housing prices ofsingle-family houses and newly produced homes. The amortization requirements accomplished theFinancial Supervisory Authority’s aim of reducing household indebtedness, but increased the averageloan-to-value ratios for households. Lastly, it has become increasingly difficult for younger householdsto finance their housing purchase due to increased monthly payments and thereby failing to pass theleft-to-live-on computations created by lenders. At the same time, the rental housing market remainslimited. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur amorteringskraven som infördes under 2016 and 2018,påverkade bostadspriserna i Stockholms län. Genom att tillämpa en eventstudie och enregressionsanalys försöker denna studie förklara hur regleringarna har påverkat priserna för småhusjämfört med bostadsrätter, om påverkan på priserna skilde sig mellan bostadsrätter av olika storlekaroch om påverkan skilde sig mellan befintligt bestånd och nyproducerade bostäder. Motivationenbakom amorteringskraven var att reglera och minska hushållens skulder, eftersom de gjorde hushållensårbara för ekonomiska störningar. Det andra amorteringskravet förväntades även sänkabostadspriserna och mottog därför en del kritik. Denna rapport är begränsad till utvecklingen avsmåhus- och bostadsrättspriser mellan december 2013 och februari 2019.De huvudsakliga slutsatserna i denna rapport är att amorteringskraven har minskat förväntade vinster.I tidigare litteratur har makroekonomiska regleringar minskat prisökningen, vilket också är resultatetför denna studie. För småhus och nyproducerade bostäder minskade också priserna jämfört medföregående period. Amorteringskraven har uppnått Finansinspektionens mål om att minska hushållensskulder men har samtidigt ökat skuldkvoten bland hushåll. Avslutningsvis har det blivit svårare förunga hushåll att finansiera sitt bostadsköp då amorteringskraven ökar månadsbetalningarna och gör attde inte klarar av kvar-att-leva-på-kalkylerna hos bankerna. Samtidigt är hyresmarknaden ärsvåråtkomlig och begränsar därmed bostadsalternativen på marknaden.