The Web has come a long way. It started as a distributed document repository and quickly became the spring board for a new type of application. Propped on top of the original HTML+HTTP architecture, this new application platform shifted the way the architecture was used so that commands and functionality were embedded in the form data of Web requests rather than in the HTTP command conveying the request. This approach enabled Web requests to convey any type of data, not just document operations. This is occurring because the Web provides such a powerful platform on which to create applications. This is occurring because web development methods are still evolving toward the structure and stability required taking on this enormous new role. As the needs of developers change, certain themes that arise more frequently than others become embedded into new environments to support those needs. Until recently, Web application programming has largely been done with a set of keywords and metaphors developed long before the Web became a popular place to program. APIs have been developed to support Web specific features, but they are no replacement for fundamental changes in the programming environment itself. The growth of Web applications requires a new type of programming designed specifically for the needs of the Web. This thesis aims to contribute towards the development of an abstract framework to generate abstract and dynamic Web user interfaces that are not developed to a specific platform. To meet this aim, this thesis suggests a general implementation of a prototype system that uses the information in database metadata in conjunction with PHP. Database metadata is richer in providing the information needed to build dynamic user interfaces. This thesis uses PHP and the abstract library ADOdb to provide us with a generalised database metadata based prototype. PHP does not have any restrictions on accessing and extracting database metadata from numerous database management systems. As a result, PHP and relational database were used to build the proposed framework. Additionally, ADOdb was used to link the two mentioned technologies. The implemented framework in this thesis demonstrates that it is possible to generate different automatic Web entry forms that are not specific at any platform.

<p>Arbetet handlar om utveckling av ett e-learningsystem och hur man kan säkra koden förframtiden. Dessutom handlar det om att undersöka en möjlig implementation av standardenSCORM samt att ta fram en ny databasmodell.Efter förundersökning togs beslutet att genomföra projektet som ett API i grunden medtestdriven utveckling och tillhörande dokumentation. De tekniker som användes var; HTML,CSS, XML, PHP, MySQL, Javascript, och Codeigniter.Resultatet blev som förväntat förutom att det inte gick att återanvända koden i den utsträckningsom först uppskattades utan istället återanvändes idéer och problemlösning.</p> / <p>This thesis is about an e-learning system and how to secure the code for future development. Inaddition, it is about a conceivable implemention of the SCORM standard and to develop a newdatabase model.After preliminary investigation it was decided to proceed with the project as an API and to usetest-driven development and also to write documentation. The techniques used were: HTML,CSS, XML, PHP, MySQL, Javascript, Codeigniter.The result was as expected except that it was not possible to reuse the code in the extent whichwas first estimated, but instead re-use ideas and how to solve problems.</p>

Due to rapid growth of the number of Web pages, web users encounter two main problems, namely: many of the retrieved documents are not related to the user query which is called low precision, and many of relevant documents have not been retrieved yet which is called low recall. Information Retrieval (IR) is an essential and useful technique for Web search; thus, different approaches and techniques are developed. Because of its parallel mechanism with high-dimensional space, Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been adopted to solve many of optimization problems where IR is one of them. This thesis proposes searching model which is based on GA to retrieve HTML documents. This model is called IR Using GA or IRUGA. It is composed of two main units. The first unit is the document indexing unit to index the HTML documents. The second unit is the GA mechanism which applies selection, crossover, and mutation operators to produce the final result, while specially designed fitness function is applied to evaluate the documents. The performance of IRUGA is investigated using the speed of convergence of the retrieval process, precision at rank N, recall at rank N, and precision at recall N. In addition, the proposed fitness function is compared experimentally with Okapi-BM25 function and Bayesian inference network model function. Moreover, IRUGA is compared with traditional IR using the same fitness function to examine the performance in terms of time required by each technique to retrieve the documents. The new techniques developed for document representation, the GA operators and the fitness function managed to achieves an improvement over 90% for the recall and precision measures. And the relevance of the retrieved document is much higher than that retrieved by the other models. Moreover, a massive comparison of techniques applied to GA operators is performed by highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each existing technique of GA operators. Overall, IRUGA is a promising technique in Web search domain that provides a high quality search results in terms of recall and precision.

HTML 5 and CSS 3 are basic languages, without which today exists in principle any web presentation. Currently, there are in development new versions of these languages, HTML 5 and CSS 3, which gradually begin to be implemented in new versions of most popular browsers. The objective of this thesis is to present an overview of new elements in these languages and the main differences unlike previous versions. Thesis also includes a practical demonstration, in which the new properties are presented. On this practical demonstration was also made the test of support of new elements in four different browsers and results of this test are also part of this thesis.

I denna uppsats redovisas vilken effekt ett integrerat valideringsverktyg har på inlärningen hos personer som lär sig grunderna i HTML. Tidigare forskning har kartlagt att studenter som är nybörjare inom området ofta får valideringsfel under tiden de arbetar med sina studier och har även valideringsfel i inlämnade uppgifter. Arbetet bygger på insamlad data från 28 frivilliga deltagare som studerade grundläggande webbteknik på universitetsnivå. För att få ett brett spektrum av svarsdata användes tre metoder: experiment, enkäter och fokusgrupp. För att samla in data i experimenten användes ett eget utvecklat verktyg – RawHTML. Med hjälp av detta verktyg kunde information om huruvida en webbsidas källkod validerades utan fel eller ej visualiseras. Detta innebar att deltagare inte behövde validera sin kod via någon av de tjänster som redans finns tillgängliga på internet. För att mäta effekten av verktyget delades deltagarna in i en testgrupp och en kontrollgrupp. Deltagare i kontrollgruppen fick inte någon visualisering av eventuella valideringsfel, detta var endast tillgängligt för testgrupperna. Resultatet visar att användning av ett integrerat valideringsverktyg i webbläsaren kan ha positiv påverkan på användarens inlärning. Deltagarna i testgrupperna hade i lägre grad upprepade valideringsfel mellan uppdateringar jämfört med kontrollgrupperna. Deltagarna i testgrupperna hade även i lägre grad fel vid inlämning av uppgifter jämfört med kontrollgrupperna. Datan från fokusgruppen och enkäterna tydde på att deltagarna i testgrupperna uppskattade RawHTML:s hjälpsamhet då verktyget förmedlade feedbacken på ett sådant sätt att deltagarna kunde åtgärda de fel som uppstått. RawHTML:s främsta styrka var, enligt deltagarna, den direkta feedbacken i samband med uppdatering av webbsidor. Resultatet i denna uppsats kan i sin tur leda till nya och förbättrade valideringsverktyg med nybörjare som målgrupp. / This thesis presents the effect of an integrated validation tool applied on people learning the basics of HTML. Prior research show that students who are beginning to learn web development often write code containing validation errors and even hand in final submissions containing them. This thesis has collected data from 28 participants who voluntary agreed to participate. All participants studied basic web technology at university level. Three different methods were applied to gather a wide variety of data: experiment, survey and focus group. In order to collect data from the experiments, a tool called RawHTML was developed and used by the participants. Using RawHTML, a user could receive instant feedback weather or not the current website contained validation errors. This eliminates the participant’s use for external validation programs found on the web. To measure the effect of the tool the participants was split into a test group and a control group. The feedback of whether the website contained validation errors was not available for the control group. The result shows that using an integrated validation tool in the browser may have a positive impact on the user’s learning. The participants in both test groups performed better when calculating repeated validation errors from one update to another, compared to both control groups. The number of participants handing in their final submissions containing validation errors was lower in the test group compared with the control group. Data gathered from the focus group and surveys indicated that the participants in the test groups appreciated RawHTMLs helpfulness, as the tool conveyed the feedback in such a way that the participants could rectify the errors that occurred. RawHTML’s main strength, according to the test group, was the direct feedback shown when updating a web page. The result of this thesis may in turn lead to new and improved validation tools, having beginners as its target group.

No description available.

by Yuen Lok-tin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-95). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / 摘要 --- p.III / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.V / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VI / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.VIII / LIST OF TABLES --- p.IX / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization --- p.4 / Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW & THEORETICAL FOUNDATION --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- "Data, Information and Knowledge" --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Knowledge Management --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Information Transparency and Efficiency --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Transparency --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Efficiency --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- extensible markup language (XML) --- p.14 / Chapter 3 --- DIGITAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND ISSUES --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1 --- Managing Financial Information on the Internet --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2 --- Existing Electronic Financial Filing Systems --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3 --- Financial Document Disclosure Model --- p.21 / Chapter 3.4 --- Interaction Between Information Producers and Consumers --- p.23 / Chapter 3.5 --- Gluing All Together --- p.26 / Chapter 4 --- IDEAL ELECTRONIC FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE SYSTEM --- p.27 / Chapter 4.1 --- Structure and Representation of Knowledge --- p.28 / Chapter 4.2 --- Content Creation --- p.33 / Chapter 5 --- PROPOSED APPROACH --- p.36 / Chapter 5.1 --- Preliminary XML Data Dictionary --- p.36 / Chapter 5.2 --- Creation of XML Tags --- p.40 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Statistical Information Retrieval --- p.41 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Accounting and Auditing Practice --- p.43 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Investors´ةFeedback --- p.44 / Chapter 5.3 --- Value-Added Services --- p.45 / Chapter 6 --- DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELFFS-XML --- p.49 / Chapter 6.1 --- Stages of ELFFS-XML --- p.49 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Information Creation --- p.49 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Information Collection/Storage --- p.50 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Knowledge Generation --- p.51 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Knowledge Dissemination/Presentation --- p.52 / Chapter 6.1.5 --- Feedback --- p.52 / Chapter 6.2 --- Components of ELFFS-XML --- p.53 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Data Source Abstraction Layer --- p.55 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Storage Abstraction Layer --- p.57 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Logic Layer --- p.61 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Presentation Layer --- p.63 / Chapter 7 --- EVALUATING ELFFS-XML --- p.66 / Chapter 7.1 --- Comparison with Other Financial Information Disclosure Systems --- p.66 / Chapter 7.2 --- Users' Evaluation --- p.70 / Chapter 7.3 --- Systems Efficiency --- p.71 / Chapter 7.4 --- XML Tag Generation Approach Performance Evaluation --- p.73 / Chapter 8 --- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH --- p.78 / APPENDIX I SURVEY ON INVESTMENT PATTERN --- p.80 / APPENDIX II CORE ELFFS-XML DTD --- p.84 / APPENDIX III PERFORMANCE RELATED XML TAGS --- p.86 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.88

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (especialização em Vias de Comunicação). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2008

Les récentes avancées techniques dans les domaines du logiciel, du matériel et des réseaux ont permis l'apparition du multimédia dans des environnements informatiques classiques. Il devient aujourd'hui envisageable d'utiliser le World Wide Web comme support de diffusion de contenu multimédia. Des extensions temporelles au langage HTML sont proposées sous la forme de quelques nouveaux tags permettant la description du comportement temporel et spatial, afin de pouvoir spécifier des présentations multimédia pour le WWW incluant plusieurs objets média. Une architecture de synchronisation a été conçue et mise en oeuvre en Java, celle-ci permettant de jouer des présentations complexes définies à l'aide de ces extensions dans un navigateur WWW. Les extensions à HTML sont analysées et transformées en code HTML classique et Java, produisant ainsi un document qu'il est possible de lire dans un navigateur standard. Enfin, le cas des sources de contenu sur réseau délivrant des flots contrôlés par l'architecture de synchronisation a été considéré à partir de l'analyse de la problématique du transport des données multimédia temporelles dans un environnement best effort distribué comme l'Internet. À terme l'objectif est de fournir une qualité de présentation optimale en traitant les problèmes au niveau le plus adapté dans la chaîne serveur-transport-client.

<p>Den här rapporten behandlar ett examensarbete där målet var att programmera en projektdatabas och projektöversikt åt Milton Medicinteknik KB. Syftet var att dess projektgrupper ska kunna komma åt att granska sina filer samt se filernas relationer med varandra, genom inloggning på en hemsida. Språken som användes var MySQL för att hantera databasen, PHP för att kommunicera mellan hemsidan och webbservern, HTML för att formatera webbsidorna och ActionScript 3 som är Flash programmeringsspråk för att programmera projektöversikten.</p><p> </p><p>I huvuddelen av rapporten är det beskrivet hur projektöversikten och projektdatabasen fungerar. Från hemsidan kan man ladda upp filer som hanteras av projektgrupper och användare med rätt rättigheter. Det finns tre typer av behörighet som användarna kan ha: Administratör som kan skapa användare och projektgrupper, projektledare som ansvarar för sin egen projektgrupp samt vanliga användare som endast kan ladda upp och länka filer i sin egen projektgrupp. Projektöversikten tillåter att användarna på ett överskådligt sätt kan se hur filerna som de har rättighet att se är länkade med varandra, lägga till och ta bort egna filer samt se deras innehåll.</p>