名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類 : 博士(医学)(課程) 学位授与年月日:平成6年3月25日 寳珠山稔氏の博士論文として提出された

Orientador: Cassiano Sydow Quilici / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T20:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Merlino_MariaLuciaMoreira_D.pdf: 1405066 bytes, checksum: db272b20e5633bde50dfe462523cf783 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa investiga as relações existentes entre os conceitos de reeducação e consciência corporal promovidos através da abordagem somática Rolfing®-Integração Estrutural e a noção de experiência, quando emergem novas percepções, imagens corporais e representações mentais, colocando-se a metáfora como um produto possível do processo de exploração e transformação perceptual. O Rolfing é um sistema de reeducação postural e do movimento que, através do toque e da palavra, pode produzir alterações estruturais e funcionais do sistema musculoesquelético, mudanças nas percepções e sensações processadas no corpo. Como consequência, podem ocorrer mudanças no relacionamento com o ambiente, consigo mesmo e com o outro. O conceito de memória corporal compreende as disposições, habilidades e hábitos adquiridos num contexto social e político, que influenciam a experiência e o comportamento da pessoa, o que resulta numa trama complexa de sensações corpóreas de particular importância nas abordagens somáticas. A investigação se desdobra em três estudos de caso, abordando a relação entre instrutor e aluno e a situação em que ocorre o atendimento, como um "processo" análogo ao fazer artístico. A qualidade do toque, atenção e presença do instrutor, resultam numa escuta específica das demandas da pessoa, envolvendo tanto os discursos gestuais quanto os verbais. Podem ocorrer insights transformadores no decorrer deste percurso, e quando isso acontece, a metáfora emerge como expressão desta transformação, sendo um mecanismo de apropriação destas mudanças e propiciando processos de auto entendimento a partir do reconhecimento de um corpo-sensível. Esta pesquisa propõe uma categorização das metáforas corporais que emergem destes processos agenciados por abordagens somáticas, que podem fazer ressonância com aspectos estéticos, criativos, emocionais e éticos do sujeito / Abstract: This research investigates the relationship between the concepts of body re-education and body awareness, promoted through the somatic approach of Rolfing® Structural Integration, and also the notion of experience, from which emerge new insights, new body images and mental representations that put metaphor as a possible product of the process of perceptual exploration and processing. Rolfing is a system of postural and movement re-education in which, by touch and word, it is possible to produce structural and functional changes in the musculoskeletal system, in perceptions, and in the sensations processed in the body. As a result, changes may occur in the relationship with the environment, with the self and with others. The concept of body memory comprises dispositions, skills and habits acquired in a social and political context that influence the experience and behavior of a person, resulting in a complex web of bodily sensations of particular importance in somatic approaches. The investigation unfolds through three case studies, addressing the relationship between instructor and client, and the situation in which occurs a "process" analogous to the making of art. The quality of touch, attention and presence of the instructor, results in a specific listening to the demands of the person, involving both gestural and verbal discourse. Insights may occur in the course of this journey and, when this happens, metaphor emerges as an expression of transformation and as a mechanism of appropriation of these changes, providing self-understanding from the recognition of the 'sensitive body'. This research proposes a categorization of the bodily metaphors that emerge from a somatic approach - metaphors that have resonance with aesthetic, creative, emotional and ethical aspects / Doutorado / Artes Cenicas / Doutora em Artes

Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The In the Physiotherapy Division of the Faculty of Health Sciences on the Tygerberg Hospital Campus of the University of Stellenbosch, the challenge arose to develop a portable, affordable and yet accurate 3D measurement machine for the assessment of posture in school children in their classroom environment. Currently Division already uses a state-of-the-art VICON commercial medical measuring machine to measure human posture in 3D in their physiotherapy clinic, but the system is not portable and is too expensive to cart around to different places for testing. To respond to this challenge, this Master’s thesis designed and analyzed a machine and its supporting system through both research on stereo-vision methodologies and empirical appraisal in the field. In the development process, the research was required to overcome the limitations posed by small image resolutions and lens distortions that are typical of cheap cameras. The academic challenge lay in the development of an error prediction model through Jacobian derivation and Error Propagation Law, to predict uncertainties of angular measurement calculated by the system. The research culminated in a system that is comparable in accuracy to the VICON within 3mm, and that has 1.5mm absolute accuracy within its own system for a measurement volume radius of 2.5 m. As such, the developed error model is an exact predictor of the angular error to within 0.02° of arc. These results, for both system accuracy and the error model, exceed the expectations on the basis of the initial challenge of the system. The development of the machine was successful in providing a prototype tool that is suitable for commercial development for use by physiotherapists in human posture measurement and assessment. In its current incarnation, the machine will also serve the Engineering Faculty as the most fundamental form of a three-dimensional measuring apparatus using only basic theories and algorithms of stereo-vision, thereby providing a basic experimental platform from which further scientific research on the theory and application of computer vision can be conducted. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Fisioterapie Afdeling van die Fakulteit Gesondheidswetenskappe op die Tygerberg kampus van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch gebruik ’n allernuutste VICON kommersiële mediese meettoestel om menslike postuur in drie dimensies te meet. Vanuit hierdie Afdeling het die uitdaging ontstaan om ’n draagbare, bekostigbare, maar tog akkurate, drie-dimensionele meetapparaat geskik vir die meet van die postuur van skoolkinders in die klaskamer te ontwikkel. In aanvaarding van hierdie uitdaging, het hierdie Magistertesis ’n toestel en ondersteuningstels ontwerp en ontleed deur beide navorsing in stereo-visie metodiek en terplaatse beoordeling. In die ontwikkelingsproses moes die navorsing die beperkings wat deur klein-beeld resolusie en lens-distorsie (tipies van goedkoop kameras) meegebring word, oorkom. Die akademiese uitdaging lê in die ontwikkeling van ’n voorspellende foutmodel deur van die Jacobianse-afleiding en die Fout Propageringswet gebruik te maak om onsekerheid van hoeksberekening deur die stelsel te voorspel. Die navorsing het gelei tot ’n stelsel wat binne 3mm vergelykbaar is in akkuraatheid met dié van die VICON en ook 1.5mm absolute interne akkuraatheid het in ’n meet-volume radius van 2.5m radius. Die ontwikkelde foutmodel is dus ’n presiese voorspeller van hoekfout tot binne 0.02° van boog. Die resultate met betrekking tot beide die akkuraatheid en die foutmodel het die oorspronklike verwagtinge van die uitdaging oortref. Die ontwikkeling was suksesvol in die skep van ’n prototipe-toestel geskik vir kommersiële ontwikkeling, vir gebruik deur fisioterapeute in die meting en evaluering van menslike postuur. Die stelsel is in sy fundamentele vorm, deur die gebruik van slegs basiese teorieë en algoritmes van stereo-visie, funksioneer as ’n drie-dimensionele meetapparaat. In die fundamentele vorm sal die stelsel die Ingenieursfakulteit dien as ’n basiese eksperimentele platform waarop verdere wetenskaplike navorsing in die teorie en toepassing van rekenaar-visie gedoen kan word.

Orientadores: Paulo Cesar Rodrigues Palma, Miriam Dambros / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T05:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fozzatti_MariaCelinaMartins_M.pdf: 2306333 bytes, checksum: 040314ce3a3460ed7af49497e661b9aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A Incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE) feminina, condição com alta prevalência, é definida como um sinal e sintoma ligado a distúrbios funcionais da uretra (esfíncteres) e/ou bexiga e não caracteriza uma doença. Trata-se então de uma disfunção mecânica em que alterações na biomecânica da bacia pélvica podem estar associadas à modificação deste mecanismo. Atualmente tem-se valorizado e vem-se aplicando o tratamento fisioterapêutico nesta afecção, como o treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, obtendo-se bons resultados a curto e médio prazos. Além disso, técnicas baseadas na abordagem global da paciente, que consideram aspectos da estrutura postural, estão ainda em fase de investigação. O trabalho aqui descrito constou da aplicação do tratamento da Reeducação Postural Global (RPG), trabalhando-se a reestruturação postural por meio do reequilíbrio do Sistema músculo esquelético (SME), alongamento das cadeias musculares e reequilíbrio dos eixos ósseos, num enfoque global. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da RPG nas queixas de IUE e qualidade de vida em um grupo de mulheres incontinentes. Casuística e Método: Para o estudo, foram selecionadas 26 mulheres portadoras de queixa clínica de IUE, que foram submetidas ao tratamento da RPG. O tratamento constou de sessões semanais de 50 minutos num período de três meses e posteriormente de sessões quinzenais por mais três meses. O grupo foi acompanhado por seis meses após final do tratamento, sendo reavaliado no término do tratamento, no terceiro e sexto meses. A avaliação foi feita usando Questionário de Qualidade de Vida, diário miccional de três dias, Pad Use e Avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico (AFA). No término do tratamento e no seguimento de seis meses, as pacientes também foram avaliadas por meio de escala analógica de satisfação. Resultados: Das 26 pacientes que iniciaram o programa, 25 concluíram o tratamento. No final deste quatro pacientes (16%) estavam curadas, 18 (72%) apresentaram melhora significativa e três (12%) não apresentaram melhora. No seguimento de seis meses, seis (24%) pacientes estavam curadas, 16 (64%) apresentaram melhora e três (12%) não apresentaram melhora. Diferenças significativas foram notadas no número de perdas (p<0.001), Pad Use (p<0.001) e AFA (p<0.001). Além disso, foi percebida melhora em todos os domínios do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida, especialmente em Percepção geral da saúde (p<0.005) e Impacto da incontinência (p<0.001) em todos os seguimentos da avaliação. Conclusão: A RPG induziu à melhora significativa dos sintomas de IUE e qualidade de vida no grupo de mulheres incontinentes estudado / Abstract: Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI), is defined as a signal and/or a symptom connected to functional disorders of the urethra (sphincter) and/or blader and do not characterize a disease. It is, indeed a dysfunction where alterations in the pelvis biomechanics can be associated to a modification of this mechanism. Lately, physiotherapeutic treatments, as the training of the pelvic floor muscles, have been used and good results have been obtained in short and medium terms. Besides, techniques based on a global approach of the patient, which consider also aspects of the postural structure, are still under investigation. The work hereby described consisted of the application of the Global Postural Reeducation (GPR) treatment, in which the postural restructuring is worked through the reestablishment of the balance of the skeletal muscle system, stretching of the muscle chains and rebalance of the bone axis, in a global approach. Objective: Evaluate the effects of the GPR on Stress Urinary Incontinence and Life Quality in a group of incontinent women. Material and Methods: For this study, 26 women with SUI were selected, who underwent a GPR treatment. All patients were treated for six months using GPR, 50 minutes weekly sessions during three months and three more months of sessions every other week. The patients were evaluated before and after the treatment, and also at three and six months follow-up. Outcome measures were made using King's Health Questionnaire, three days voiding diary, Pad Use and Functional Evaluation of Pelvic Floor (FEPF). In the end of the treatment and after six months, the patient satisfaction was evaluated trough a standardized analogical visual scale. Results: Twenty-five patients were available for follow-up. At the end of the treatment there were four (16%) patients completely dry, 18 (72%) pesented significant improvement and three (12%) did not presented improvement. At six months follow-up there were six (24%) patients completely dry, 16 (64%) improved and three (12%) failures. Significant differences were noted in the number of leak episodes (p<0.001), Pad Use (p<0.001) and FEPF (p<0.001). Regarding the King's Health Questionnaire, improvement in all domains were observed, especially in General Perception of Health (p<0.005), leakage impact (p<0.001) in all the moments of evaluation. Conclusion: GPR significantly improved the symptoms and Quality of Life in women with SUI / Mestrado / Pesquisa Experimental / Mestre em Cirurgia

Orientadores: Viviane Herrmann, Paulo César Rodrigues Palma / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T02:53:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fozzatti_MariaCelinaMartins_D.pdf: 4656341 bytes, checksum: eb6677485cb09dbe79185403e87167c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A incontinência urinária de esforço é uma das queixas clínicas mais comuns de mulheres em consultório médico e o desequilíbrio postural tem sido considerado como possível causa deste sintoma. Estudos demonstram que disfunções posturais como a hiperlordose, a anteversão da bacia pélvica, dores lombares e fraqueza dos músculos abdominais estão associados às disfunções dos músculos do assoalho pélvico. Objetivo: Comparar o efeito da Reeducação Postural Global com o treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico no tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço feminina a curto e a longo prazo. Metodologia: Cinquenta e duas mulheres com queixa clínica de incontinência urinária de esforço foram divididas em dois grupos: o Grupo 1 (G1) recebeu tratamento pela Reeducação Postural Global em 1 sessão semanal de 50 minutos por três meses e o Grupo 2 (G2) recebeu treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico quatro vezes por semana, uma vez supervisionada em sessão individual de 50 minutos e três não supervisionadas, por três meses. Ao final do tratamento, após 6 meses, e em dois anos, foi realizada avaliação subjetiva (cura, melhora, inalterada e piora), diário miccional, avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico (AFA) e questionário de qualidade de vida. Resultados: Concluíram o tratamento 25 pacientes do G1 e 17 do G2. A avaliação subjetiva do G1 ao final do tratamento apresentou 16% cura e após seis meses, 24%. No G2, no final do tratamento, nenhuma paciente considerava-se curada, 69% referiram melhora e 31% encontravam-se inalteradas. Após seis meses, 19% referiram cura, 37,5% melhoram, 31% inalteradas e 12,5% que haviam referido melhora ao final do tratamento, apresentaram piora dos sintomas. O número de episódios de perda e o número de troca de absorventes diminuiram significativamente nos dois grupos (p<0,001), sendo significativamente menor no G1. A Avaliação Funcional do Assoalho Pélvico (AFA) melhorou significativamente nos dois grupos (p<0,001), sem diferença entre eles. A avaliação da Qualidade de Vida demonstrou melhora significativa nos dois grupos, em todos os domínios. Após dois anos foram reavaliadas 21 pacientes no G1 e 12 no G2. O G1 apresentou 47,6% de cura e o G2, 16,7%, sendo que neste grupo, 33,3% das pacientes referiram piora com relação ao final do tratamento. O número de perdas e o número de absorventes diminuíram significativamente nos dois grupos (p=0,0001), sem diferença significativa entre eles (p=0,0787 e p=0,0579, respectivamente). A AFA melhorou significativamente no G1, porém no G2, apresentou melhora significativa ao final do tratamento e mante-se inalterada no seguimento de dois anos (p=0,045). Conclusão: A RPG mostrou-se uma alternativa eficaz no tratamento da Incontinência Urinária de Esforço Feminina, com resultados comparáveis ao treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico, a curto e a longo prazo / Abstract: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is one of the most common complains of women and postural unbalances have been considered as a possible cause. Studies have shown that postural disequilibrium such as hiperlordose, pelvis anteversion, lumbar pain and weakness of the abdominal muscles are associated to pelvic floor muscles dysfunctions. Objective: To compare the effect of Global Postural Re-education (GPR) and Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMP) for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence at short and long term. Methodology: Fifty-two women with SUI complain were distributed into two groups: Group 1 (G1) was submitted to 50 minutes weekly sessions of GPR for three months and Group 2 (G2) performed PFMT four times a week for three months, being one time in individual session under professional supervision and the other three times at home, for three months. Patients were evaluated at the end of the treatment and after six months and two years on subjective evaluation (cure, improvement, no change and recurrence), voiding diary, functional evaluation of pelvic floor (FEPF) and through a questionnaire of quality of life. Results: The number of patients completing the treatments was 25 in G1 and 17 in G2. The subjective evaluation of G1 showed cure in 16% women at the end of the treatment and 24% after six months. In G2 no women reported cure at the end of the treatment, 69% indicated improvement and 31% reported no change. After six months, the reports of cure, improvement and no change in G2 were, respectively, 19%, 37.5% and 31%. Additionally, 12.5% of the women in this group, who had referred to improvement at the end of the treatment, reported symptom recurrence after six months. The urine leakage episodes reduced significantly in both groups (p<0.001), being significantly lower in G1. PAD use reduced significantly in both groups (p<0.001) and was significantly lower in G1. FEPF improved significantly in both groups (p<0.001), with no difference between them. The evaluation of Quality of Life had shown significantly improvement in both groups, in all domains. Two years after the end of the treatment, 21 patients of G1and 12 of G2 were reevaluated. The amount of women reporting cure in G1 and G2 were, respectively, 47.6% and 16.7%. In G2, 33.3% of the patients referred to symptoms recurrence in comparison with the end of the treatment. Episodes of urine leakage and PAD use reduced significantly in both groups (p=0.0001), without significant difference between groups (p=0.0787 and p=0.0579, respectively). FEPF had shown improvement in G1 in the evaluation at six months and two years; however, in G2 it had shown improvement at the end of the treatment but it did not change in the evaluation at two years. This shows that the behavior of the groups was different throughout the time (p=0.045). Conclusion: GPR has proven to be an efficient alternative to treat SUI in women when compared to PFMT, either on short term or long term follow-up / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Evanisi Teresa Palomari, Antonia Dalla Pria Bankoff / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T10:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_LilianCalili_M.pdf: 1305822 bytes, checksum: 32802beb2739a287078ae90b0340c356 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar as alterações na função muscular e na postura corporal induzidas pelo alongamento global. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises da atividade eletromiográfica do músculo iliocostal lombar e do torque dos músculos paravertebrais extensores do tronco, e avaliações da postura corporal de indivíduos com retração da cadeia muscular posterior, submetidos a uma sessão de alongamento global. Foram avaliados dezesseis voluntários (8 homens e 8 mulheres), com idade de 23,13 anos (:t 2,19), integrantes da comunidade da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Primeiramente, foi realizada uma avaliação radiológica dos voluntários. Seguiu-se a realização das avaliações posturais, eletromiográficas e dinamométricas, antes e imediatamente após a prática da postura de alongamento global, para verificar os efeitos da intervenção. A postura de estiramento foi executada em pé e com fechamento do ângulo coxofemoral. Para a análise eletromiográfica foi utilizado um eletromiógrafo EMG-800C (EMG System do Brasil@)habilitado para uma célula de carga de 200Kgf, com 4 canais, freqüência de amostragem de 2000 Hz, filtros Butterworth com banda de freqüência entre 20 e 500 Hz e ganho de 2000 vezes nos canais de EMG. Foram utilizados eletrodos de superfície bipolares ativos de Ag-AgCI, posicionados sobre o músculo iliocostal lombar, bilateralmente, ao nível de L2-L3. A dinamometria e os registros eletromiográficos foram realizados durante provas de extensão contra-resistida do tronco, em decúbito ventral e na posição ortostática. Os resultados revelaram melhora significativa da flexibilidade da cadeia muscular posterior, diminuição do torque dos músculos paravertebrais e aumento da atividade elétrica do músculo iliocostal lombar, após o alongamento. Não foram observadas alterações significativas na postura corporal dos voluntários / Abstract: The aim of this research was to verify the changes in the muscular function and corporal posture induced by global stretching. For this purpose, analyses of the electromyographic activity of the iliocostalis lumborum muscle and of the torque of the paraspinal muscles in the isometric extension of the trunk were carried out, and the body posture of individuais with retraction of the posterior muscular chain, having been subjected to a session of global stretching, were evaluated. Sixteen volunteers from the State University of Campinas community were evaluated (8 males and 8 females), with an average age of 23.13 years (:t 2.19). The volunteers composing the experimental group were first evaluated radiologically. Subsequently, postural, electromyographic and dynamometric evaluations were performed, before and immediately after the practice of postural stretching to evaluate the effects of the interventions. The elongation posture was executed standing and with closed coxofemural angle. For the electromyographic evaluation, an electromyograph EMG-800C (EMG Systems do Brasil@),enabled for a load cell of 200Kgf, composed of 4 channels, sampling frequency of 2000 Hz, Butterworth filters with frequency bands between 20 and 500Hz and gain of 2000 times in the electromyograph channels were used. Active bipolar surface electrodes, type Ag-AgCI, positioned bilaterally over the iliocostalis lumborum muscle at levels L2-L3, were used for the signal reception. The dynamometric and electromyographic readings were carried out during tests of the counter resisted. extension movement of the trunk in prono decubitus and in the upright position. The results revealed significant improvement in the flexibility of the posterior muscular chain, decrease in the torque of the paraspinal muscles and an increase of the electrical activity of the iliocostalis lumborum muscle, after stretching. No significant alterations in the corporal posture of the volunteers were observed. / Mestrado / Anatomia / Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

Orientador: Maria Jose D'Elboux / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T07:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_JaniceCampos_M.pdf: 1482922 bytes, checksum: fea90d49d55304fae3d417bdfb433b24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar as relações existentes entre equilíbrio corporal, critérios de fragilidade e os fatores de risco para as alterações do equilíbrio em idosos atendidos em um ambulatório de geriatria. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter transversal, quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo, de natureza multidisciplinar integrante do Projeto Temático intitulado, "Qualidade de vida em idosos; indicadores de fragilidade e de bem-estar subjetivo". Participaram do estudo 150 idosos atendidos no referido ambulatório. Os idosos foram submetidos ao teste de equilíbrio do SPPB, que avalia o equilíbrio estático na postura ortostática em três posições distintas e seqüenciadas. A avaliação da fragilidade foi realizada por meio dos critérios de Fried et al. (2001) e adaptados para o referido estudo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva, de comparação por meio do teste qui-quadrado e à regressão logística politômica utilizando o modelo de odds proporcionais. O nível de significância adotado no estudo foi de 5% (p < 0,05). Do total de 150 idosos, 63,6% são mulheres com média de idade de 76,44 (+ 7,88) anos. Somente o critério velocidade de marcha apresentou associação significativa com equilíbrio (p=0,0001) e apenas o escore 2 do teste de equilíbrio permitiu discriminar os idosos quanto ao número de critérios (p=0,0189). Quanto aos fatores de riscos, os resultados encontrados foram: sexo feminino (OR=2,27; IC=1,14-4,49), idade avançada (OR=1,07; IC=1,03-1,12), critério baixa velocidade de marcha (OR=3,01; IC=1,54-5,89), doenças do sistema nervoso (OR=8,57; IC=1,55-47,33) e apresentar nove ou mais comorbidades (OR=4,11; IC=1,54-10,95). Por meio desses achados conclui-se que o critério baixa velocidade de marcha é um fator de risco para as alterações do equilíbrio corporal. Além do mais, entre os idosos com algum critério de fragilidade o sexo feminino, a idade avançada, a presença de nove ou mais comorbidades e a redução da velocidade de marcha são fatores de risco para as alterações do equilíbrio corporal / Abstract: The general objective of the present study was to investigate the existing relations among bodily balance, frailty criterions and the risk factors for the balance changes in elderly people attended in a geriatric office. The study has a transversal, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive character, of a multidisciplinary nature as part of the Thematic Project titled "Quality of life in elderly people, frailty and subjective welfare indicators". 150 elderly people have taken part of the study and they were attended in the referred medical center. The aged people were submitted to the SPPB balance test, which evaluates the static balance on the orthostatic posture in three different and sequenced positions. The frailty evaluation was carried out through the criterions of Fried et al. (2001) and adapted to the referred study. Data were submitted to the descriptive analysis, comparison through the Chi-square test and the polytomic logistic regression using the model of proportional odds. The significance level adopted in the study was of 5% (p < 0,05). From a total of 150 old people, 63.6% are women with an age average of 76.44 (approximately 7,88 years). Only the walking speed criteria presented a meaningful association with balance (p=0.0001) and only the score number 2 of the balance test allowed discriminating the elderly people regarding the number of criterions (p=0,0189). As far as the risk factors are concerned, the results found were: female (OR=2,27; IC=1,14-4,49), advanced old age(OR=1,07; IC=1,03-1,12), low speed walking criteria (OR=3,01; IC=1,54-5,89), diseases of the nervous system (OR=8,57; IC=1,55-47,33) and present nine or more comorbidities (OR=4,11; IC=1,54-10,95). Through these findings, it is concluded that the low speed walking criteria is a risk factor for the bodily balance changes. Besides, among the elderly people with some frailty criteria, the feminine sex, advanced old age, the presence of nine or more comorbidities and the walking speed reduction are risk factors for the bodily balance changes / Mestrado / Mestre em Gerontologia

The vast majority of products and processes in industry and academia require human interaction. Thus, digital human models (DHMs) are becoming critical for improved designs, injury prevention, and a better understanding of human behavior. Although many capabilities in the DHM field continue to mature, there are still many opportunities for improvement, especially with respect to posture- and motion-prediction. Thus, this thesis investigates the use of artificial neural network (ANN) for improving predictive capabilities and for better understanding how and why human behave the way they do. With respect to motion prediction, one of the most challenging opportunities for improvement concerns computation speed. Especially, when considering dynamic motion prediction, the underlying optimization problems can be large and computationally complex. Even though the current optimization-based tools for predicting human posture are relatively fast and accurate and thus do not require as much improvement, posture prediction in general is a more tractable problem than motion prediction and can provide a test bead that can shed light on potential issues with motion prediction. Thus, we investigate the use of ANN with posture prediction in order to discover potential issues. In addition, directly using ANN with posture prediction provides a preliminary step towards using ANN to predict the most appropriate combination of performance measures (PMs) - what drives human behavior. The PMs, which are the cost functions that are minimized in the posture prediction problem, are typically selected manually depending on the task. This is perhaps the most significant impediment when using posture prediction. How does the user know which PMs should be used? Neural networks provide tools for solving this problem. This thesis hypothesizes that the ANN can be trained to predict human motion quickly and accurately, to predict human posture (while considering external forces), and to determine the most appropriate combination of PM(s) for posture prediction. Such capabilities will in turn provide a new tool for studying human behavior. Based on initial experimentation, the general regression neural network (GRNN) was found to be the most effective type of ANN for DHM applications. A semi-automated methodology was developed to ease network construction, training and testing processes, and network parameters. This in turn facilitates use with DHM applications. With regards to motion prediction, use of ANN was successful. The results showed that the calculation time was reduced from 1 to 40 minutes, to a fraction of a second without reducing accuracy. With regards to posture prediction, ANN was again found to be effective. However, potential issues with certain motion-prediction tasks were discovered and shed light on necessary future development with ANNs. Finally, a decision engine was developed using GRNN for automatically selecting four human PMs, and was shown to be very effective. In order to train this new approach, a novel optimization formulation was used to extract PM weights from pre-existing motion-capture data. Eventually, this work will lead to automatically and realistically driving predictive DHMs in a general virtual environment.

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Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-02-15T12:32:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO RITA DE CÁSSIA COSTA CAMARÃO 20.07.2016.pdf: 2356183 bytes, checksum: 0d580812a0f3750cc97cc22dc89fc5cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T12:32:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO RITA DE CÁSSIA COSTA CAMARÃO 20.07.2016.pdf: 2356183 bytes, checksum: 0d580812a0f3750cc97cc22dc89fc5cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Este estudo aborda o trabalho dos motoristas de ônibus de duas empresas de transporte coletivo de São Luís – MA, através da macroergonomia, utilizando a Análise Macroergonômica do Trabalho (AMT) (GUIMARÃES, 2010). Foi realizado o levantamento dos itens de demanda ergonômica (IDEs) relacionados às atividades dos motoristas. Em seguida, houve a descrição cinesiológica de posturas a partir da classificação proposta por Hignett e McTamney (2000), avaliação do quadro de desconforto/dor utilizando-se o Mapa de Segmentos Corporais (CORLETT, 1995) e avaliação da carga mental de trabalho, através do NASA – TLX (NASA – TLX MANUAL, 1986). Os resultados permitiram evidenciar que a temperatura e o ruído são os itens de maior insatisfação relatados pelos entrevistados, ressaltando que pode haver efeitos fisiológicos e psicológicos relacionados com o ruído, como alteração do estado de alerta, transtornos do sono, perturbação, além de efeitos sobre o desempenho e a produtividade. Cita-se, ainda, o estresse fisiológico que ocorre em função do ruído, com reações sintomáticas em quase todos os aparelhos do corpo humano. Foi evidenciado que antes da jornada a percepção de desconforto/dor foi um pouco mais acentuada à direita, em ombro e braço, na região lombar e de pescoço. Após a jornada há exacerbação da percepção de dor lombar, pescoço, ombro direito e braço direito. / This study discusses the work of bus drivers in two of São Luís - MA’s collective transport companies through macroergonomic using the Macroergonomic Work Analysis (MWA) (GUIMARÃES, 2010). The data was collected by ergonomic demand items (IDEs) related to the drivers’ activities. Then there was the kinesiological description of postures from the classification proposed by Hignett and McTamney (2000), evaluation of discomfort/pain frame using the Body Segment Map (CORLETT, 1995) and evaluation of mental workload, by NASA - TLX (NASA - TLX Manual, 1986). The results have highlighted that the temperature and noise are the items of greatest dissatisfaction reported by respondents, noting that there may be physiological and psychological effects related to noise, such as changes in alertness, sleep disorders, disruption, and effects on the performance and productivity. Quotes is also the physiological stress that occurs due to the noise, with symptomatic reactions in almost all human body apparatus. It was shown that before the journey the perception of discomfort / pain was a little more pronounced on the right, shoulder and arm, lower back and neck. After the journey there is exacerbating the perception of low back pain, neck, right shoulder and right arm.