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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
51

Avaliação da terapia com iodo radioativo (I-131) em gatos acometidos por hipertireoidismo / Evaluation of radioactive iodine (I-131) in cats with hyperthyroidism

Marcela Malvini Pimenta 15 December 2017 (has links)
Dentre as possibilidades de tratamento para o hipertireoidismo em gatos, a terapia com iodo radioativo I-131 (radioiodoterapia) apresenta inúmeras vantagens em relação ao tratamento cirúrgico e medicamentoso, por ser capaz de atuar em tecidos tireoidianos ectópicos e por se tratar de um procedimento simples, efetivo, não invasivo, isento de riscos anestésicos e complicações pós cirúrgicas, com a possibilidade de efeitos colaterais mínimos. Foi realizado um estudo clínico longitudinal retrospectivo com 60 gatos hipertireoideos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da terapia com iodo radioativo (I-131) em dois grupos: gatos tratados previamente com metimazol (n=30) e gatos não submetidos a tratamento farmacológico prévio (n=30). As fêmeas constituiram 60% dos pacientes avaliados (36/60). Os gatos sem definição racial foram os mais frequentes, representando 81,6% da população estudada (49/60). A média de idade dos gatos nos dois grupos foi de 13 anos e sete meses (p=0,08). A média da concentração sérica de T4 total dos gatos antes da aplicação de I-131 também foi similar entre os grupos, i.e. 12,33µg/dL no grupo de gatos em que o metimazol foi administrado e 10,13 µ/dL no grupo de gatos que não recebeu metimazol anteriormente (p=0,2). A dose de I- 131 utilizada (2,0-4,1 mCi /74-151,7 Mbq) foi efetiva para suprimir o T4 total nos dois grupos, porém, a resposta dos gatos não tratados com metimazol foi superior, mesmo recebendo dose inferior de I-131. Após a terapia com I-131, a mediana de T4 total sérico do grupo não tratado por metimazol foi de 1,82µg/ dL em comparação a mediana de 3,20µg/dL encontrada no grupo tratado com metimazol (p=0,04). As medianas das doses aplicadas foram 3,08 mCi e 2,70 mCi para o grupo tratado por metimazol e para o grupo não tratado por metimazol, respectivamente (p=0,1). Dos 30 gatos do grupo que recebeu metimazol previamente a terapia com I-131, dez (33,3%) apresentaram valores de T4 sérico dentro do intervalo de referência, oito (26,7%) tiveram o T4 total sérico abaixo dos valores de referência, 12 (40%) tiveram valores de T4 total sérico acima do valor de referência. Dos 30 gatos que não receberam terapia medicamentosa prévia, 14 gatos (46,7%) tiveram valores de T4 total sérico dentro do intervalo de referência, 12 gatos (40%) tiveram o T4 total sérico abaixo dos valores de referência e quatro gatos (13,3%) apresentaram valores de T4 total sérico acima do limite superior de referência. O tratamento prévio com metimazol correlacionou-se negativamente com a resposta à terapia com I-131 (kmo= 0,9, p = 0,02), sendo também considerado preditor de descompensação renal após terapia com I-131 (kmo = 0,6 e p = 0,009). As medianas de creatinina sérica pré tratamento com I-131, encontraram-se dentro dos valores de referência para a espécie felina, i.e. 1,02mg/dL no grupo tratado com metimazol e 1,09mg/dL no grupo não tratado por metimazol (p=0,3). A dosagem sérica de creatinina se diferiu entre os grupos na avaliação posterior ao tratamento com I-131 (p<0,001). A média do grupo tratado com metimazol foi superior a do grupo não tratado, i.e. 1,86mg/dL vs. 1,48mg/dL, respectivamente. A classificação IRIS da DRC alterou em pelo menos um estágio em 22 de 39 gatos avaliados após a radioiodoterapia. Dezoito gatos evoluíram do estágio um para o estágio dois da DRC, dos quais 12 gatos eram do grupo tratado anteriormente com metimazol (66,7%) e seis gatos eram do grupo que não recebeu metimazol (33,3%). Quatro gatos passaram do estágio um para o três da DRC, todos eles pertenciam ao grupo tratado previamente com metimazol. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo sugerem que o tratamento com uma única aplicação de I-131 é efetivo para gatos, mesmo naqueles tratados previamente com terapia antitireoidiana farmacológica, contudo, a resposta foi otimizada nos gatos que utilizaram o I-131 como primeira linha de tratamento. A triagem inicial com metimazol se correlacionou à resposta menos favorável à terapia com I-131 e à maior progressão da DRC. / Among the possibilities of treatment for hyperthyroidism in cats, radioactive iodine therapy (I-131) has many advantages in relation to surgical and drug therapy, because it is effective in ectopic thyroid tissues and it is a simple, non-invasive procedure, free from anesthetic risks and post surgical complications, with the possibility of minimal side effects. A longitudinal retrospective clinical study with 60 hyperthyroid cats was conducted to evaluate the effect of radioactive iodine therapy (I-131) on two groups: cats previously treated with methimazole (n = 30) and cats not submitted to previous pharmacological treatment (n = 30). Cats with no racial definition were the most frequent, representing 81.6% of the studied population (49/60). The mean age of cats in both groups was 13 years and 7 months (p = 0.08). The mean of total T4 serum concentration of cats prior to the application of I-131 was also similar between the groups, i.e. 12.33 µg / dL in the group of cats that methimazole was administered and 10.13 µg / dL in the group of cats that did not receive methimazole previously (p = 0.2). The dose of I-131 used (2.0-4.1 mCi) was effective to suppress total T4 in both groups, but the response of cats not treated with methimazole was higher, even though they received a lower dose of I-131. After I- 131 therapy, the median of total serum T4 in non-methimazole group was 1.82 µg/Dl compared to the median of 3.20 µg/dL found in the methimazole group (p = 0.04).The median doses were 3.08 mCi and 2.70 mCi for the group treated with methimazole and the group not treated with methimazole, respectively (p = 0.1). Of the 30 cats in the group that received methimazole prior to I-131 therapy, ten (33.3%) presented serum T4 values within the reference range, eight (26.7%) had total serum T4 below reference values and 12 (40%) evaluated values of total serum T4 above the reference. Of the 30 cats that did not receive prior drug therapy, 14 cats (46.7%) had serum total T4 values within the reference range, 12 cats (40%) had total serum T4 below baseline values and four cats (13.3%) presented total serum T4 values above the upper reference limit. Pretreatment with methimazole correlated negatively with response to I-131 therapy (kmo = 0.9, p = 0.02), and it was also considered a predictor of renal decompensation after I-131 therapy (kmo = 0, 6 and p = 0.009). Before treatment with I-131 serum creatinine medians were within the reference values for feline species, i.e. 1.02 mg / dL in the methimazole group and 1.09 mg / dL in the group of cats not treated with methimazole (p= 0.3). Serum creatinine differed between groups in the post treatment evaluation with I-131 (p &ly;0.001), i.e. 1.86mg / dL in the treated group vs. 1.48mg / dL in the untreated group, respectively. The IRIS stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) changed in at least one stage in 22 of 39 cats evaluated after radioiodine therapy. Eighteen cats passed from stage one to stage two of CKD, wich 12 cats were from the previously treated group with methimazole (66.7%) and six cats from the group that not receive methimazole (33.3%). Four cats went from stage one to stage three of CKD, all of which belonged to the group previously treated with methimazole. The results found in this study suggest that treatment with a single application of I-131 is effective for cats, even in those treated previously with anti-thyroid drug therapy, however, the response was optimized in cats that used I-131 as a first-line treatment. Initial methimazole trial correlated with less favorable iodine radioactive therapy responses and greater progression of CKD.
52

Efeito do hormônio tiroideano na função cardíaca no modelo de isquemia/reperfusão em ratos. Papel do receptor AT2 e da via intracelular AMPK. / Effect of thyroid hormone on cardiac function in the ischemia/reperfusion injury of wistar rats. Role of AT2 receptor and AMPK signaling pathway.

Tavares, Felix Meira 30 March 2012 (has links)
Os Hormônios Tiroideanos (HT) representam um fenótipo de cardioproteção e influenciam no estado trófico do tecido cardíaco através de diversos mecanismos, dentre eles a modulação dos componentes do Sistema Renina Angiotensina- a Angiotensina II e seus receptores (AT1 e AT2). Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o papel do receptor AT2 na cardioproteção induzida pelo HT e a participação da proteína quinase ativada por AMP (AMPK) nesse processo. O modelo de isquemia e reperfusão (I/R) foi desenvolvido em corações de ratos submetidos ao hipertiroidismo experimental na presença ou ausêcia do antagonista do receptor AT2 (PD123319), utilizando-se o aparto de Langendorff. Os resultados mostraram que o HT exerce efeito cardioprotetor com aumento na expressão protéica do receptor AT2 e da AMPK fosforilada, que foi prevenido com a administração do PD, seguido de piora da função cardíaca. Estes dados sugerem que parte da cardioproteção induzida pelo HT é mediada pelo receptor AT2, e que a AMPK também está envolvida proteção do miocárdio após injúria por I/R. / Thyroid Hormones (TH) is a phenotype of cardioprotection and may influence the trophic state of cardiac tissue through several mechanisms, including the modulation of the components of renin-angiotensin system - angiotensin II and its receptors (AT1 and AT2). The present study aimed to evaluate the role of AT2 receptor in cardioprotection mediated by the TH and the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in this context. A model of Ischemia and Reperfusion (I/R) was performed in isolated hearts of rats subjected to experimental hyperthyroidism, in the presence or absence of the AT2 receptor antagonist (PD123319), using the Langendorff system. The results showed that TH exerts cardioprotective effect with increased levels of AT2 and phosphorylated AMP protein expression, which was prevented by the administration of PD, with a loss in cardiac function. These data suggest that part of the TH-induced cardioprotection is mediated by the AT2 receptor with the involvement of AMPK in protection of the myocardium after I/R injury.
53

Estudo comparativo do tratamento da retração da pálpebra superior com toxina botulínica tipo A em pacientes nas fases aguda e crônica da orbitopatia distireoidiana ao longo de 6 meses de seguimento / Comparative study of botulinum toxin type A injection treatment for upper eyelid retraction with six-month follow-up in patients with thyroid eye disease in the congestive or fibrotic stage

Costa, Patricia Grativol 21 July 2008 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar dados morfométricos da fenda palpebral e da função do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior, ao longo de 6 meses de seguimento, após a aplicação da toxina botulínica tipo A, em pacientes com retração palpebral nas fases aguda e crônica da orbitopatia distireoidiana. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, no qual foram incluídos 24 indivíduos, divididos em dois grupos, agudos (n=12) e crônicos (n=12). Foram submetidos à aplicação de toxina botulínica na dose de 5 UI/0,1 ml em uma das pálpebras superiores e seguidos por 6 meses. A avaliação palpebral foi registrada por meio de captação de imagens com uma câmera filmadora de vídeo conectada a um microcomputador. Os valores médios obtidos nos diferentes momentos analisados foram comparados entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes apresentou melhora da retração da pálpebra superior, com redução média de 3,05 mm no grupo agudo e 3,81 mm no grupo crônico. Esta redução foi significativa até 1 mês no grupo agudo e até 3 meses no grupo crônico. Houve diminuição da função do músculo levantador e da diferença entre as áreas lateral e medial da fenda palpebral nos olhos tratados em ambos os grupos. No olho contralateral, houve aumento significativo da fenda palpebral até 2 semanas após a aplicação. Não houve diferença na freqüência dos efeitos colaterais entre os 2 grupos. CONCLUSÕES: A injeção de 5 unidades foi eficaz na redução da retração e da função do músculo levantador e na melhora do contorno palpebral superior, nos pacientes na fase aguda e crônica da orbitopatia distireoidiana, embora esta melhora tenha sido menos duradoura no grupo agudo / INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to compare morphometric data of the eyelid fissure and the levator muscle function after transcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type A with six-month follow-up in patients with upper eyelid retraction from acute and chronic dysthyroid orbitopathy. METHODS: This was a prospective study that included 24 individuals with dysthyroid orbitopathy, divided into two groups, acute (n=12) and chronic (n=12). They were given a 5 UI/0,1 ml dose of botulinum toxin in the upper eyelid and examined periodically for 6 months. Clinical eyelid examination was performed and recorded using a video camera connected to a microcomputer. Mean values taken at different follow-up points were compared for the two groups. RESULTS: Most patients experienced marked improvement in upper eyelid retraction, with a mean reduction of 3.05 mm in acute group and 3.81 mm in chronic group. This reduction was significantly smaller during 1 month in acute group and during 3 months in chronic group. Reduction in levator function and in the difference between lateral and medial lid fissure measurements was observed in both groups. Measurements of the contralateral eye increased up to 2 weeks after the application. No difference was observed between the study groups with regard to the observed side effects. CONCLUSIONS: A single 5-unit botulinum toxin injection improved upper eyelid retraction, reduced levator function, and produced an adequate lid contour in patients with acute and chronic dysthyroid orbitopathy. The effect lasts longer in patients with chronic disease than in patients with acute disease.
54

Ação cardíaca da leucina em ratos wistar em hipertireoidismo experimental

Fidale, Thiago Montes 26 February 2013 (has links)
Leucine is a regulator of protein metabolism in vivo, and there is little information regarding its action on cardiac hypertrophy induced by experimental hyperthyroidism and its relationship to serum creatine kinase. The study aimed to verify the effect of leucine in cardiac hypertrophy and serum creatine kinase in rats with hyperthyroidism. 75 animals were used, divided into two large groups according to the length of the experiment, seven days Group (7D) and Group twenty-eight days (D 28), subsequently divided into five subgroups these being the control zero (C0-7 and C028 ) controls (C-7 and C-28), hormone (H-7 and H- 28), leucine (G-7 and G-28) and leucine + hormone (LH-7 and HL-28). Hyperthyroidism was induced by administration of daily 20&#956;g/100 grams of levothyroxine sodium in aqueous suspension by gavage. Leucine was supplemented by adding 5% of the amino conventional diet. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and analyzes made in kits for TSH, T3, T4 and CK-NAC CK-MB. At the end of the experiment the heart was removed and weighed. Subsequently, the left ventricle was separated together with the interventricular septum and heavy, was also performed to measure the transverse diameter of cardiomyocytes and compared between groups. The exercise tolerance was measured by the swim test and the intensity was determined in 7% of the weight of the animal. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured using a sphygmomanometer to rats tail, 4/25T ADInstruments PowerLab equipment ® and ® software ADInstruments LabChart 7. In statistical comparison was used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-way post-Tukey test, considering p values <0.05. In rats treated with thyroid hormone occurs, cardiac hypertrophy with increased weight of the left ventricle, increased heart rate and elevated concentrations of CK-MB after 28 days. The association of leucine seems to modulate hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy in this experimental model, and reduce blood concentrations of CK-NAC and CK-MB by unknown mechanisms. Thyroxine increases the swimming performance of rats after therapy for 14 and 21 days but with performance drop in 28 days. / A leucina é um regulador do metabolismo proteico in vivo, e existem poucas informações referentes à sua ação na hipertrofia cardíaca induzida pelo hipertireoidismo experimental e sua relação com a creatina quinase sérica. O estudo teve por objetivo verificar a ação da leucina na hipertrofia cardíaca e na concentração sérica de creatina quinase em ratos Wistar em hipertireoidismo. Foram utilizados 75 animais, divididos dois grandes grupos de acordo com o tempo de experimento, Grupo sete dias (7D) e Grupo vinte e oito dias (28 D), posteriormente divididos em cinco subgrupos sendo estes o controle zero (C0-7 e C028) controle (C-7 e C-28), hormônio (H-7 e H-28), leucina (L-7 e L-28) e hormônio + leucina (HL-7 e HL-28). O hipertireoidismo foi induzido administrando-se, diariamente, 20&#956;g/100 gramas de levotiroxina sódica em suspensão aquosa, por gavagem. A leucina foi suplementada adicionando-se 5% do aminoácido à ração convencional. O sangue foi coletado por punção cardíaca e as análises feitas em kits para TSH, T3, T4 CK-NAC e CK-MB. Ao final do período experimental o coração foi removido e pesado. Posteriormente, foi separado o ventrículo esquerdo juntamente com o septo interventricular e pesado, também foi realizada a medida do diâmetro transversal dos cardiomiócitos e os resultados comparados entre os grupos. A tolerância ao esforço foi medida através do teste de natação e a intensidade foi determinada em 7% do peso do animal. A pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca foram aferidas utilizando um esfignomanômetro de cauda para ratos, o equipamento PowerLab 4/25T ADInstruments® e o software LabChart 7 ADInstruments®. Na comparação estatística foi utilizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) de duas vias e pós-teste de Tukey, considerando-se significativos valores de p<0,05. Em ratos tratados com hormônio tireoidiano ocorre, hipertrofia cardíaca com aumento do peso do ventrículo esquerdo, aumento da frequência cardíaca e elevação das concentrações de CK-MB após 28 dias. A associação de leucina ao hormônio parece modular a hipertrofia cardíaca induzida neste modelo experimental, além de reduzir as concentrações sanguíneas de CK-NAC e CK-MB por mecanismos ainda desconhecidos. A tiroxina aumenta o desempenho da natação de ratos após uma terapia de 14 e 21 dias, porém com queda de performance em 28 dias. / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
55

Estudo comparativo do tratamento da retração da pálpebra superior com toxina botulínica tipo A em pacientes nas fases aguda e crônica da orbitopatia distireoidiana ao longo de 6 meses de seguimento / Comparative study of botulinum toxin type A injection treatment for upper eyelid retraction with six-month follow-up in patients with thyroid eye disease in the congestive or fibrotic stage

Patricia Grativol Costa 21 July 2008 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar dados morfométricos da fenda palpebral e da função do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior, ao longo de 6 meses de seguimento, após a aplicação da toxina botulínica tipo A, em pacientes com retração palpebral nas fases aguda e crônica da orbitopatia distireoidiana. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, no qual foram incluídos 24 indivíduos, divididos em dois grupos, agudos (n=12) e crônicos (n=12). Foram submetidos à aplicação de toxina botulínica na dose de 5 UI/0,1 ml em uma das pálpebras superiores e seguidos por 6 meses. A avaliação palpebral foi registrada por meio de captação de imagens com uma câmera filmadora de vídeo conectada a um microcomputador. Os valores médios obtidos nos diferentes momentos analisados foram comparados entre os dois grupos. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes apresentou melhora da retração da pálpebra superior, com redução média de 3,05 mm no grupo agudo e 3,81 mm no grupo crônico. Esta redução foi significativa até 1 mês no grupo agudo e até 3 meses no grupo crônico. Houve diminuição da função do músculo levantador e da diferença entre as áreas lateral e medial da fenda palpebral nos olhos tratados em ambos os grupos. No olho contralateral, houve aumento significativo da fenda palpebral até 2 semanas após a aplicação. Não houve diferença na freqüência dos efeitos colaterais entre os 2 grupos. CONCLUSÕES: A injeção de 5 unidades foi eficaz na redução da retração e da função do músculo levantador e na melhora do contorno palpebral superior, nos pacientes na fase aguda e crônica da orbitopatia distireoidiana, embora esta melhora tenha sido menos duradoura no grupo agudo / INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to compare morphometric data of the eyelid fissure and the levator muscle function after transcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type A with six-month follow-up in patients with upper eyelid retraction from acute and chronic dysthyroid orbitopathy. METHODS: This was a prospective study that included 24 individuals with dysthyroid orbitopathy, divided into two groups, acute (n=12) and chronic (n=12). They were given a 5 UI/0,1 ml dose of botulinum toxin in the upper eyelid and examined periodically for 6 months. Clinical eyelid examination was performed and recorded using a video camera connected to a microcomputer. Mean values taken at different follow-up points were compared for the two groups. RESULTS: Most patients experienced marked improvement in upper eyelid retraction, with a mean reduction of 3.05 mm in acute group and 3.81 mm in chronic group. This reduction was significantly smaller during 1 month in acute group and during 3 months in chronic group. Reduction in levator function and in the difference between lateral and medial lid fissure measurements was observed in both groups. Measurements of the contralateral eye increased up to 2 weeks after the application. No difference was observed between the study groups with regard to the observed side effects. CONCLUSIONS: A single 5-unit botulinum toxin injection improved upper eyelid retraction, reduced levator function, and produced an adequate lid contour in patients with acute and chronic dysthyroid orbitopathy. The effect lasts longer in patients with chronic disease than in patients with acute disease.
56

Efeito do hormônio tiroideano na função cardíaca no modelo de isquemia/reperfusão em ratos. Papel do receptor AT2 e da via intracelular AMPK. / Effect of thyroid hormone on cardiac function in the ischemia/reperfusion injury of wistar rats. Role of AT2 receptor and AMPK signaling pathway.

Felix Meira Tavares 30 March 2012 (has links)
Os Hormônios Tiroideanos (HT) representam um fenótipo de cardioproteção e influenciam no estado trófico do tecido cardíaco através de diversos mecanismos, dentre eles a modulação dos componentes do Sistema Renina Angiotensina- a Angiotensina II e seus receptores (AT1 e AT2). Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar o papel do receptor AT2 na cardioproteção induzida pelo HT e a participação da proteína quinase ativada por AMP (AMPK) nesse processo. O modelo de isquemia e reperfusão (I/R) foi desenvolvido em corações de ratos submetidos ao hipertiroidismo experimental na presença ou ausêcia do antagonista do receptor AT2 (PD123319), utilizando-se o aparto de Langendorff. Os resultados mostraram que o HT exerce efeito cardioprotetor com aumento na expressão protéica do receptor AT2 e da AMPK fosforilada, que foi prevenido com a administração do PD, seguido de piora da função cardíaca. Estes dados sugerem que parte da cardioproteção induzida pelo HT é mediada pelo receptor AT2, e que a AMPK também está envolvida proteção do miocárdio após injúria por I/R. / Thyroid Hormones (TH) is a phenotype of cardioprotection and may influence the trophic state of cardiac tissue through several mechanisms, including the modulation of the components of renin-angiotensin system - angiotensin II and its receptors (AT1 and AT2). The present study aimed to evaluate the role of AT2 receptor in cardioprotection mediated by the TH and the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in this context. A model of Ischemia and Reperfusion (I/R) was performed in isolated hearts of rats subjected to experimental hyperthyroidism, in the presence or absence of the AT2 receptor antagonist (PD123319), using the Langendorff system. The results showed that TH exerts cardioprotective effect with increased levels of AT2 and phosphorylated AMP protein expression, which was prevented by the administration of PD, with a loss in cardiac function. These data suggest that part of the TH-induced cardioprotection is mediated by the AT2 receptor with the involvement of AMPK in protection of the myocardium after I/R injury.
57

A Phantom Based Comparison of Image Segmentation Algorithms for Adaptive Functional Volume Determination of the Thyroid Gland using SPECT

Berg, Henrik January 2021 (has links)
Background One of the most used treatments for hyperthyroidism, is therapy with radioactive iodine (131I), which is accumulated in the thyroid gland. To determine the activity of 131I to be administered for a certain absorbed dose, the volume of the gland is of great importance but the historically used methods for estimating the functional volume of the gland are based on large approximations. The use of SPECT images enables increased accuracy of functional volume determination. However, there is a need for more realistic phantom studies and improved image segmentation. Aim The aim of this thesis was to find a robust method for image segmentation of the thyroid gland that could adapt to various object sizes and contrasts. The aim was also to develop an accessible and flexible 3D thyroid phantom for measurements and optimisation of parameter settings. Materials and Methods Thyroid phantoms made from playdough loaded with 99mTcO4-, were placed in a neck phantom filled with 99mTcO4- solution of various concentration. SPECT and CT acquisitions of the phantoms were performed and the SPECT images were segmented using thresholding and region growing algorithms. The thresholds in the segmentation algorithms were optimised by minimisation of cost functions consisting of Dice score, against the CT-volume, and relative SPECT volume. To find thresholds that could be used on all phantom volumes and image backgrounds, two overall cost functions were optimised for high and low backgrounds respectively. The optimised thresholds were validated on another set of playdough phantoms. They were also used on a simpler plastic can phantom for comparison of the performance relative to the method used in the clinic today. Results The optimised thresholds showed a substantial divergence between the measurements, ranging from 40 to 58 % for the thresholding algorithm and from 8 to 19 % for the region growing algorithm. The overall optimised thresholds were 55 and 48 % for high and low image backgrounds for the thresholding algorithm which was selected for the validation measurements due to its lower overall cost function and high stability. The developed method indicated a higher accuracy in functional volume determination of the thyroid gland than the standard method used. Conclusions An image segmentation method for functional volume determination of the thyroid gland, that can adapt to image contrast, was developed in this thesis. The method indicates an improved accuracy for functional volume determination of thyroid glands, but more experiments would need to be conducted. The developed thyroid phantoms enable further optimisation of image segmentation parameters for various object sizes, contrasts and shapes. The results indicate that thresholds deduced from simpler phantoms may be too uncertain which might lead to overtreatment of hyperthyroidism with 131I. It was also indicated that thresholding is more suitable than region growing for image segmentation of SPECT images.
58

Potraviny ovlivňující funkci štítné žlázy / Foods affecting function of the thyroid glande

Ciprová, Markéta January 2021 (has links)
6 Abstract Basis: This master's thesis deals with the issue of foods affecting thyroid function. The thyroid gland is an important endocrine organ involved in many bodily processes, it is completely dependent on external iodine intake and at the same time it is susceptible to some naturally occurring antinutritive substances. The main subject of research were therefore the sources of iodine and strumigenic substances in the diet and their occurrence in the diet of adults. The main sources for this thesis include the monograph Thyroid Gland, organized by Zdeňka Límanová, websites of professional institutions of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic and the World Health Organization and of course current studies dealing with this issue available in world health databases. The topic was chosen by the author on the basis of finding current topics in the field of nutrition, that have not yet been reserched by other students in the Nutrition Specialist field of study in recent years. Aims: The primary goal of the master's thesis was to examine and process current issues of thyroid function, especially in connection with the consumption of foods that affect this function. For this purpose, a questionnaire was compiled to obtain sufficient base and data to determine the average consumption of iodine and...
59

Efeitos do hormônio tiroidiano na expressão diferencial de genes no coração de ratos. / Thyroid hormone effects on diferential expression of rat heart genes.

Rozanski, Andrei 10 October 2012 (has links)
No coração, doses elevadas de hormônio tireoideano (T3) por tempo prolongado promove hipertrofia cardíaca. Os mecanismos envolvidos neste processo necessitam de maior esclarecimento. Analisou-se dados de um ensaio de microarray de tecido cardíaco de ratos submetidos a hipertireoidismo experimental. O algoritmo MAS5 foi mais eficiente para processamento dos dados. Identificou-se os filamentos grossos, banda M e discos intercalares como hotspots de atuação do T3. A T-Caderina apresentou aumento transitório nos níveis de mRNA e proteicos sob efeito do T3. Estudo de imunofluorescência evidenciou marcação para T-Caderina próxima à membrana plasmática de cardiomiócitos. Com 24 horas de tratamento com T3, observamos aumento global e difuso de marcação para T-Caderina. Obeservou-se marcação nuclear para T-Caderina. Portanto, é possível que a T-caderina possa estar envolvida no processo de hipertrofia cardíaca. Todavia, para verificar essa possibilidade, são necessários mais estudos. / Cardiac hypertrophy is observed in response to long-term hyperthyroidism. The molecular basis of cardiac hypertrophy induced by hyperthyroidism remains to be determined. Using microarray approach, the gene expression profile of heart tissue from rats submitted to hyperthyroidism were analysed. MAS5 were found to be the best for our low-level analysis. Sarcomeric hotspots such as thick-filaments, M-band and intercalated disks under thyroid hormone (T3) treatment were identified. T3 induced transient mRNA and protein levels of T-Cadherin, a interecalated disks member. T-Cadherin were observed next to plasmatic membrane on immunofluorescence analysis. On 24 hours group, diffuse cytoplasmic T-Cadherin staining were evident. Another interesting aspect was T-Cadherin nuclear staining in all groups. Moreover, T-Cadherin possibly play role in T3-induced cardiac hypertrophy. However further studies are needed to verify this possibility.
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Doenças tireoidianas subclínicas e fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres com mais de 40 anos em seu local de trabalho / Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women at the workplace

Olmos, Rodrigo Diaz 07 November 2007 (has links)
Introdução: As disfunções tireoidianas subclínicas são comuns na prática clínica, particularmente entre mulheres de meia idade. Existem algumas evidências de que as disfunções tireoidianas subclínicas podem afetar o risco cardiovascular de forma negativa, além de afetar a qualidade de vida e produzir sintomas somáticos e psicológicos. Entretanto ainda existe muita controvérsia sobre se o tratamento destas disfunções afeta positivamente algum desfecho clínico e se estaria indicado realizar um rastreamento populacional destas disfunções. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a freqüência das disfunções tireoidianas subclínicas e sua associação com fatores de risco cardiovasculares tradicionais e com alguns fatores psico-sociais em mulheres com 40 anos ou mais em seu local de trabalho. Métodos: Estudo transversal de rastreamento com funcionárias da Universidade de São Paulo com 40 anos ou mais. Todas as participantes foram entrevistadas e responderam a quatro questionários específicos validados [um questionário sobre características sócio-demográficas, o questionário de angina de Rose, o Short Form Health Survey - 36 (SF-36) e o Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20)], foram submetidas a mensuração de medidas antropométricas e da pressão arterial e tiveram uma amostra de sangue colhida para avaliação de função tireoidiana (TSH e T4-livre) e anticorpos antitireoperoxidase (anti-TPO), glicemia de jejum e colesterol total, LDL-colesterol e HDL-colesterol. Em uma subamostra do estudo também foi dosada a proteína C ultra-sensível (hsCPR). As mulheres foram analisadas de acordo com seu estado funcional tireoidiano. Resultados: Das 736 funcionárias com 40 anos ou mais convidadas a participar, 314 (42,7%) aceitaram o convite. As freqüências de hipotireoidismo e hipertireoidismo subclínico foram, respectivamente, 7,3% e 5,1%. Anticorpos anti-tireoperoxidase positivos foram encontrados em 51 mulheres (16,2%). Níveis de TSH < 10 mIU/l estavam presentes em 78,3% das mulheres com hipotireoidismo subclínico. Não houve diferença nas características gerais, nos fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular, nos fatores psico-sociais nem, de uma forma geral, na qualidade de vida comparando-se as mulheres de acordo com sua função tireoidiana. Conclusão: Não se encontrou nenhuma associação entre disfunção tireoidiana subclínica e fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular. Não se encontrou nenhuma associação de disfunção tireoidiana subclínica e fatores psico-sociais (qualidade de vida, sintomas somáticos e psicológicos). Os resultados deste estudo transversal não suportam a prática de rastreamento rotineiro de disfunção tireoidiana subclínica. / Rational: Subclinical thyroid dysfunction is very common in clinical practice, particularly among middle-aged women. There is some evidence that subclinical thyroid dysfunction may affect cardiovascular risk in a negative fashion, and also affect quality of life and produce somatic and psychological symptoms. There remains much controversy as whether there should be a population based screening for these dysfunctions and whether treatment of these dysfunctions have any positive impact on clinical outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the approximate frequency of subclinical thyroid dysfunction and its association with traditional cardiovascular risk factors as well as some psychosocial factors in women 40 years of age or older at the worksite. Methods: Cross-sectional screening study with women 40 years of age or older, working at the University of São Paulo. All the women answered four specific questionnaires [a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, the Rose Angina Questionnaire, the Short Form Health Survey -36 (SF-36) and the Self- Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20)], had antropometric variables and blood pressure measured, and blood analyzed for total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, tryglicerides, fasting glucose, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free-thyroxine (free-T4) and anti-thyreoperoxidase antibodies (anti-TPO). In a sub-sample of these women high-sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured. Women were analyzed according to their thyroid function status. Results: Of the 736 women invited to participate, 314 (42.7%) accepted the invitation. The frequencies of subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism were, respectively, 7.3% and 5.1%. Positive antibodies against thyreoperoxidase were present in 51 women (16.2%). TSH levels < 10 mIU/l were present in 78.3% of women with subclinical hypothyroidism. There was no difference in general characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, psychosocial factors nor, in a general way, in quality of life among these women according to their thyroid function status. Conclusion: No association between cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical thyroid dysfunction was found. No association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and psychosocial factors (quality of life, somatic and psychological symptoms) was found either. The results of this cross-section study do not support the routine screening of subclinical thyroid dysfunction.

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