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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23684号 / 理博第4774号 / 新制||理||1684(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)教授 小野 薫, 教授 玉川 安騎男, 教授 望月 拓郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Thesis advisor: Micah Lott / How do we rectify structural injustice? Iris Marion Young presents a Social Connection Model that states those who participate in social processes that produce injustice have a forward-looking responsibility to redress the resulting injustice. Within some philosophical discourse, however, there is a general consensus that SCM is not action-guiding and is overly demanding. To supplement Young’s ideas, I explore Robin Zheng’s Role-Ideal Model; Zheng fills some necessary gaps left by Young. My aim in this paper is to use Young's SCM and Zheng's RIM in tandem to create a more action-guiding and ameliorative project for structural injustice. I offer a structurally sensitive account of responsibility for disempowerment that avoids passively repeating domination. I establish a prefatory set of tasks that can be applied to all roles. These tasks are an expansion of the terms mentioned in Zheng Role-Ideal:“raised consciousness” and “boundary pushing.” / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Philosophy.

This paper investigates whether the Swedish state has had a change of policy from a liberal to a more realistic view in the work against terrorism as the threat of terrorist acts has become more apparent in recent years. To investigate this, a comparative ideal-type analysis of Swedish strategies against terrorism is applied. In summary, the analysis shows that a direct change of policy cannot be seen, but that there are traits of realistic principles in the current strategy. This study is an important addition in both the social and academic arena as previous research on terrorism in Sweden in general and Swedish security strategies in particular is scarce.

The purpose of the study was to investigate how a plaintiff's story is valued in rape convictions and to see what could affect the credibility and reliability of the plaintiff and defendant. The study used 40 rape convictions from Svea Hovrätt distributed between 2017 and 2021, which were read through several times based on content analysis. The results were analyzed on the basis of theories such as the ideal victim, critical victimology and with a social constructionist perspective. Previous research in the same field was also used. The results of the study showed that there were no major differences between the years, but a small difference could be sensed where the bearing in the plaintiff's story weighed heavier in 2021 than 2017. What affected the reliability and credibility depended on whether it was the defendant or plaintiff. An indication of negative discrimination could also be noted concerning racialized persons, which mostly turned out to be due to language difficulties. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur en målsägandes berättelse värderas i våldtäktsdomar och för att kontrollera vad som kunde påverka trovärdigheten och tillförlitligheten för målsägande och tilltalad. I studien användes 40 våldtäktsdomar från Svea Hovrätt fördelade mellan 2017 och 2021, vilka lästes igenom flertalet gånger med utgångspunkt i innehållsanalys. Resultatet analyserades utifrån teorier som ideala offret, kritisk viktimologi och med ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv. Även tidigare forskning inom liknande områden användes. Studiens resultat visade att det inte fanns större skillnader åren emellan men det kunde anas en liten skillnad där bäringen i målsägandes berättelse vägde tyngre 2021 än 2017. Vad som påverkade tillförlitligheten och trovärdigheten var beroende av om det gällde den tilltalade eller målsäganden, vilket kunde synas i bedömningen av trovärdighet och tillförlitlighet vid berusning. En antydan till negativ särbehandling kunde också noteras rörande rasifierade personer vilket mestadels visade sig bero på språksvårigheter. / <p>En ambitiös uppsats uppsatts med intressant delvis juridisk dock även kriminologiskfrågeställning. Omfattande empiri. Delvis adekvat men möjligen lite väl omfattande och därför något spretigt teorival. Adekvat val av metod. Till uppsatsens obetingade styrkor hör att både kvalitativ ochkvantitativ metod används Välskriven även om visa språkliga skavanker kan observeras. Det förhållandevis ringa antalet fall samt analysmetoden har ger inte författarna möjligheteratt till fullo besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar. Bl.a. kunde man inte vänta sig attförändringar över tiden skulle kunna upptäckas om de inte var mycket dramatiska. Jag skulle också önska mer djupgående och integrerad avslutande diskussion. Men min sammanlagda bedömning är dock att det är en bra uppsats.</p>

The last decade has seen the rise of a new trinity of supermodels, the so-called Insta-girls, Kendall Jenner, Gigi, and Bella Hadid. Besides mastering the art of digital self-promotion, they belong to famous Californian families with strong ties to show business. Their impressive climb to the top has made them the most followed and paid models in the fashion industry. Nevertheless, their role in contemporary visual and celebrity culture has been scarcely inquired about by academics. The aim of this thesis is to explore through a critical visual analysis of their representations how and if the newfound role of social media as a source of stardom is challenging established myths of celebrity and ingrained high fashion beauty ideals. Firstly, through the use of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the ‘Field’ and Olivier Driessens’ schema of ‘Celebritization’, it is analyzed how the Insta-girls have designed their personas, their public mask, mimicking previous templates of the fashion modeling field. Secondly, through the lenses of Sandra Lee Bartky and Susan Bordo, two feminist theorists who have assessed and discussed how women regulate and discipline their bodies, this thesis shows how the Insta-girls, despite their celebrity status, have been scrutinized according to the rigid body standards required of fashion models.

<p>Patrick White is a man divided: one part of him strives for permanence, surety, the ideal, while knowing the contingent, temporal realm he inhabits must inevitably undermine such striving. The desire, and the knowledge of its futility, leads him into a misanthropic devaluation of human creative possibility and, complementarily, into the arbitrary use of imposed symbolic resolutions directed to an elect who can "see". It has been this part of White, largely, that criticism has been industrious in explicating, if not in quite the terms I have used above. But there is another part of White which strains away from the former dualism of idealism and despair, significance and banality, towards a vital wholeness to be apprehended in human relationships. It is this aspect of White which embodies his genuine novelistic power and which, consequently, helps us to understand and place" the former "cerebral" response to the complexity of finding meaning in the twentieth century.</p> <p>The present study deals with four novels in four chapters, and briefly discusses a fifth in an epilogue. It opens with an introduction in which I link the division found in White to T.S. Eliot's theory of the "dissociation of sensibility", and so to the major modernists, Eliot, Yeats, and Lawrence. I then devote a chapter to each of The Aunt's Story (1948), Riders in the Chariot (1961), The Vivisector (1970), and A Fringe of Leaves (1976). The main thrust of these chapters is to demonstrate how White's development as a writer moves from ambivalence toward his vision, through a compensatory rigid dualism, to an increasing awareness and acknowledgement of the reality that creative relationship offers. The epilogue comments briefly on White's most recent novel, The Twyborn Affair (1979), in which he indulges many of the predilections he had sufficiently "placed" through the writing of A Fringe of Leaves. Evidence that White has not forgotten the discoveries of Fringe is present, but in a tenuous form. Though White's creativity is of major status, the divisions that tend to undermine it still have a powerful hold on him.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

In recent years, computational neuroscientists have suggested that human behaviour, including perception, occurs in a manner consistent with Bayesian inference. According to the Bayesian ideal observer model, the observer combines cues from multiple sensory streams as a weighted average based on each cue’s reliability. Most cue-combination research has focused on integration of cues between sensory modalities or within the visual modality. Cue combination within the tactile modality has been relatively rarely studied, and it is still not known whether cues from individual digits combine optimally. In this thesis, we use the ideal observer model to determine whether cues from three different digits are combined optimally. We predicted that cues from multiple digits would be combined according to the optimal cue combination model. To test our hypothesis, we devised a two-interval forced choice (2IFC) task where participants had to discriminate the distal/proximal location of a 1-mm thick edge across the fingerpad(s) of the index (D2), middle (D3), and ring (D4) fingers. We used a Bayesian adaptive method, the ψ method, to compute participants’ psychometric functions for single-digit (D2, D3, and D4) and multiple-digit (D23, D24, D34, and D234) conditions. We determined the stimulus level ∆x, the distance (mm) between the distal and proximal stimuli locations, at 76% correct probability. This distance corresponds to a sensitivity index d'=1 and is the σ value of the participant’s stimulus measurement distribution. We then used the single-digit σ values to predict optimal cue combination for the multiple-digits combinations. We did not observer optimal cue-combination between the digits in this study. We outline potential implications the results of this experimental have on determining how the nervous system combines cues between digits, focusing on theoretical and experimental updates to the experiment that might result in the observation of optimal cue combination between digits. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Yes / The Daubechies, coiflet and symlet wavelets, with properties of orthogonal wavelets are suitable for multicarrier transmission over band-limited channels. It has been shown that similar wavelets can be constructed by Lagrange approximation interpolation. In this work and using established wavelet design algorithms, it is shown that ideal filters can be approximated to construct new orthogonal wavelets. These new wavelets, in terms of BER behave slightly better than the wavelets mentioned above, and much better than biorthogonal wavelets, in multipath channels with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). It is shown that the construction, which uses a simple simultaneous solution to obtain the wavelet filters from the ideal filters based on established wavelet design algorithms, is simple and can easily be reproduced.