Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_amanda_fernandes_pinheiro.pdf: 1197006 bytes, checksum: f76aeabc9ec7ff7c3ad7cdaa92c92c7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-22 / The neosporosis is a disease caused by intracellular protozoa Neospora caninum, which is of great importance, especially in cattle, because it may cause abortion in infected animals, causing big economic losses for the cattle industry of many countries in the world. In the present study it was reported the expression, purification, and characterization of the protein NcSRS2 of N. caninum in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The gene ncsrs2 was cloned in the vector of expression pPICZαB, followed by the integration in the genome of yeast. The recombining protein NcSRS2 was shown in the supernatant of the culture, where later it was concentrated and purified. An indirect immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA) was developed, using seronegative and seropositive of cattle and sheep, naturally field-infected. It showed that the recombinant protein presented the antigenic characteristics of native protein, which allowed its recognition by the blood serum of different species of animals with neosporosis. The results were compared with the indirect immunofluorescence (IFI). The diagnosis test ELISA- NcSRS2 described in the present work is a specific and sensitive method for the detection of N. caninum in cattle and sheep. The results indicate that the recombinant protein produced in this work, can be used for the development of diagnosis methods with low-cost production, and in industrial scale, because they are necessary and important for the introduction of proper controlling measurements for this parasitosis in cattle flocks. / A neosporose é uma enfermidade causada pelo protozoário intracelular Neospora caninum esta é de grande importância principalmente em bovinos, pois pode ocasionar abortos nos animais infectados, causando grandes perdas econômicas para indústria pecuária de vários países do mundo. No presente estudo, foi relatada a expressão, purificação e a caracterização da proteína NcSRS2 de N. caninum na levedura metilotrófica Pichia pastoris. O gene ncsrs2 foi clonado no vetor de expressão pPICZαB seguindo de integração no genoma da levedura. A proteína recombinante NcSRS2 foi demonstrada no sobrenadante da cultura onde posteriormente foi concentrada e purificada. Um ensaio imunoenzimático indireto (ELISA) foi desenvolvido utilizando soros negativos e positivos de bovinos e ovinos naturalmente infectados a campo por N. caninum. Este demonstrou que a proteína recombinante apresentou as características antigênicas da proteína nativa o que permitiu o seu reconhecimento por soros de diferentes espécies de animais com neosporose. Os resultados foram comparados com a imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). O teste diagnóstico ELISA-NcSRS2 descrito no presente trabalho constitui um método específico e sensível para a detecção de N. caninum em bovinos e ovinos. Os resultados indicam que a proteína recombinante produzida neste trabalho pode ser utilizada para o desenvolvimento de métodos diagnósticos com menor custo de produção e em escala industrial, pois estes são necessários e importantes para a implantação de medidas de controle adequadas para esta parasitose nos rebanhos bovinos.

This dissertation is compiled of the findings of several phases of a detailed research study that was aimed at investigating the Skid Resistance phenomenon. In the first phase of the dissertation research a study was performed to evaluate the different factors that influence frictional measurements obtained using the Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT). A temperature calibration factor that would account for temperature effects on DFT readings and IFI computations was developed. In addition, other variables that also affect the friction measurements obtained using the DFT are identified. In the next phase of the dissertation research the effect of pavement roughness on the Skid Resistance was investigated. The variation of the normal load and its nonlinear relation to SN was used to explain lower SN values measured on relatively rougher surfaces. The feasibility of using the International Roughness Index (IRI) and the Dynamic Load Coefficient (DLC) as predictors of the reduction in SN due to pavement roughness was also investigated. In the final phase of the dissertation research an in-depth investigation was carried out to better understand the principles underlying the concept of the International Friction Index (IFI), and specifically the role played by the Speed Constant ( Sp) parameter in the IFI computations. The parameter Sp dictates the speed variation of the wet friction measurements taken on a given pavement surface. The results of the current investigation suggest the revision of the procedure for computation of the Sp parameter to incorporate device specific properties. Furthermore, the incorporation of vehicle characteristics in the Sp parameter computations would help address a well known deficiency of the IFI, which is the inconsistent FR60 (predicted friction at 60 km/h) obtained from the friction values measured at two different slip speeds on the same surface. This study also showed that the modification of the Sp parameter reduces significantly the slip speed dependency of the device calibration parameters A and B. Finally, a modified IFI procedure that incorporates device specific slip conditions is presented. The modified IFI procedure showed consistently better predictive capability than the conventional ASTM procedure on all the different devices considered in this study.

Bell (Gigli, et al. 2007:ix) believes that “design that is good should be embedded within all that surrounds us in the unnatural world. Good design and good architecture improve all our lives - they are not just about decoration.” An understanding of what good design entails and a comprehension of the interior designer’s role within the built environment and public realm could anchor this belief. The International Federation of Interior Architects/Designers (IFI) established Design Frontiers: The Interiors Entity (DFIE) to define the interiors discipline for IFI stakeholders and the general public alike. The planned Interiors Biennale in 2013, the final phase of the DFIE, is intended to visualise this knowledge, actualising the global consensus as reflected in the IFI Interiors Declaration. The objective of the dissertation is to design a travelling exhibition for the IFI Interiors Biennale 2013. The study investigates exhibition design as a method of communicating the seven basic pillars of the interiors profession as described by the Declaration. A normative position derived from the event title, ‘designing from the inside out’, establishes the premise for the design approach. The project explores the temporary imprint that results from the relationship between the general (host structure) and the specific (installation). While acknowledging that the design cannot be completely site specific, the proposal identifies characteristics of ‘the universal exhibition host’ to obtain a set of constraints that inform the design of a travelling installation. A proto-site is identified within Johannesburg, embodying the universal specification. The site typology has the least impact on the design development with the event typology (travelling exhibition), and the design brief (IFI Interiors Declaration) driving the process. The investigation points to an adaptive solution: design for disassembly. This design philosophy influences the chosen construction and fabrication method as well as the selected material type. The design objective is not to curate the event, but rather to provide a flexible and innovative ‘kit of parts’ to facilitate the projected communication needs of the client (IFI). / Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Architecture / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA14MA154.pdf: 1313169 bytes, checksum: 4095d82961e0759ed84999755c5e444b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Ovine toxoplasmosis has important implications by causing reproductive disorders in this species and for being a zoonosis. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii and to detect the agent in the dairy sheep flocks in western of state of Santa Catarina. From March to July 2013, 298 blood samples were collected from dairy sheep on two farms in Chapecó, SC. Samples were processed by IFI (≥1: 64). From the total, 37 (12.4%) were positive for T. gondii with titers of 1:64 (32) and 1: 256 (five). For the animals selection, which were studied looking for the presence of the agent in the milk, 128 blood samples from sheep in lactation period were collected, which were processed by IFI (≥1: 64) of which 42 (32.8%) were positive, with titers 1:64, (26) 1 256 (12), 1: 1024 (three) and 1: 4096 (one). For the detection of parasites in milk, techniques of mouse bioassay were employed (22 milk samples from eight sheep with antibody titers against T. gondii ≥256) and PCR, for the detection of T. gondii in the brains of mice inoculated bioassay and also directly from milk (108 samples from 42 seropositive sheep (≥64) in different lactation periods - 40, 90 and 120 days). SAG2R4 SAG2F4 primers were used. In 42 ewes in lactation period and seropositive for T. gondii it was possible to detect DNA of the parasite in the milk of 30.95% (13/42) of the animals. The isolation was impossible in bioassay, however the agent DNA was detected in mice brains inoculated with milk from eight sheep (a sample of the 45th day of lactation and seven in the collection of 90th day). The parasite DNA was detected directly from the milk in samples of the second collection (90 days of lactation) in five animals. Positive PCR samples were sequenced and the results confirmed ≥97% identity with the membrane antigen P22 gene of T. gondii. The results showed that the occurrence of antibodies against T. gondii in dairy sheep in western of state of Santa Catarina is lower when compared with that observed in steak sheep in the state and that the DNA of T. gondii is present in the milk of sheep, representing a possible source of infection to humans through the consumption of milk "in natura" and / or derivatives, besides the possibility of lactogenic transmission to lambs / A toxoplasmose ovina apresenta implicações sanitárias importantes por causar desordens reprodutivas nesta espécie e por ser uma zoonose. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii e detectar o agente no leite de rebanhos ovinos leiteiros na região Oeste de Santa Catarina. De março a julho de 2013, foram colhidas 298 amostras de sangue de ovinos leiteiros em duas propriedades em Chapecó, SC. As amostras foram processadas pela RIFI (≥1:64). Do total, 37 (12,4%) foram positivas para T. gondii com títulos de 1:64 (32) e 1:256 (cinco). Para a pesquisa da presença do agente no leite, foram coletadas 128 amostras de sangue das ovelhas em período de lactação, que foram processadas pela RIFI (≥1:64) das quais 42 (32,8%) foram positivas, com títulos 1:64 (26), 1:256 (12), 1:1024 (três) e 1:4096 (um). Para a pesquisa do parasito no leite foram empregadas as técnicas do bioensaio em camundongos (22 amostras de leite de oito ovelhas com títulos de anticorpos contra T. gondii ≥256) e da PCR, para a 12 13 pesquisa de T. gondii nos cérebros dos camundongos inoculados no bioensaio e também diretamente do leite (108 amostras obtidas de 42 ovelhas soropositivas (≥64) em diferentes períodos de lactação - 40, 90 e 120 dias). Foram utilizados os primers SAG2R4 e SAG2F4. Das 42 ovelhas lactantes e soropositivas para T. gondii foi possível detectar DNA do parasito no leite de 30,95% (13/42) dos animais. No bioensaio não foi possível o isolamento, entretanto DNA do agente foi detectado no cérebro dos camundongos inoculados com leite de oito ovelhas (uma amostra do 45º dia de lactação e sete na coleta do dia 90). Diretamente do leite, DNA do parasito foi detectado em amostras da segunda coleta (90 dias de lactação) em cinco animais. As amostras positivas na PCR foram sequenciadas e os resultados confirmaram identidade ≥97% com o antígeno de membrana gene P22 de T. gondii. Verificou-se que a ocorrência de anticorpos contra T. gondii em ovinos com aptidão leiteira, do Oeste de Santa Catarina é menor quando comparada com a observada em ovinos de corte no Estado e que o DNA de T. gondii está presente no leite de ovelhas, representando uma possível via de transmissão para o ser humano, por meio do consumo do leite in natura e/ou derivados, além da possibilidade da transmissão via lactogênica para cordeiros

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Elisa M R Azevedo.pdf: 722969 bytes, checksum: 9e335992daabd50fc7361968e93df415 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-13 / Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a chronic zoonosis caused by a protozoan called Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and has as vectors, the sandflies Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia cruzi. The domestic dog is the most important reservoir in urban areas considering the zoonotic disease form and is responsible for maintaining the parasite in endemic foci. Aiming to assist the Superintendent of Policies for Comprehensive Health Care / Health State Department of Goiás (Spais / SES-GO) and the Department of Zoonosis Control from Goiânia (GO-DCZ) in epidemiological surveillance of the disease, this work investigated possible cases of CVL by using laboratory analysis. For this study, dogs seen at the Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goiás (HV / EV / UFG) with clinical suspicion of disease and symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs captured by DCZ-GO were analyzed. A total of 214 dogs were evaluated, and classified into three groups. Group 1 (GI): 33 dogs from DCZ with at least three clinical signs suggestive of LVC, Group 2 (GII): 141 clinically healthy dogs from DCZ and Group 3 (GIII): 40 dogs seen at the HV / EV / UFG with clinical suspicion of LVC. The frequency of animals classified as positive with different methods of diagnosis used in this study were: 5.6% (n = 12) in ELISA test, 9.35% (n = 20) in IFAT, 2.80% (n = 6) in the direct parasitological examination of skin imprints; 2.34% (n = 5) in direct parasitological examination of lymphonode, and 3.17% (n = 7) in PCR reactions of both the genderspecific protocol and the L. chagasi-specific. Considering the results and the conditions of the present study, it is concluded that there is casuistry in CVL series of symptomatic or asymptomatic dogs clinically attended in the city of Goiânia. The occurrence of Leishmania chagasi bearer dogs captured in the municipality of Goiânia were detected and the symptoms frequently observed in illness dogs carriers of L. chagasi in Goiânia are: conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, skin changes, cachexia and onychogryphosis. / A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) é uma zoonose crônica causada por um protozoário denominado Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi e possui como vetores, os flebotomíneos Lutzomyia longipalpis e Lutzomyia cruzi. O cão doméstico é o reservatório mais importante nos meios urbanos, sendo responsável pela manutenção do parasita nos focos endêmicos. Este trabalho investigou laboratorialmente possíveis casos de LVC. Nesta investigação utilizou-se cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Goiás (HV/EV/UFG) com suspeita clínica da doença e cães errantes sintomáticos e assintomáticos capturados pelo DCZ-GO. Nestes locais foram atendidos 214 cães, classificados em três grupos. Grupo 1 (G1): 33 cães do DCZ com no mínimo três sinais clínicos sugestivos para LVC; Grupo 2 (G2): 141 cães do DCZ clinicamente hígidos e Grupo 3 (G3): 40 cães atendidos no HV/EV/UFG com suspeita clínica de LVC. A frequência de animais classificados como positivos, aos diferentes métodos de diagnóstico empregados neste estudo foram: 5,6% (n=12) pelo ELISA-teste; 9,35% (n=20) à RIFI; 2,80% (n=6) ao exame parasitológico direto de imprints de pele; 2,34% (n=5) ao exame parasitológico direto de linfonodo; e 3,17% (n=7) para as reações de PCR. Este trabalho é pioneiro na investigação da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina no município de Goiânia, Goiás. Outros trabalhos devem ser conduzidos continuadamente, visando à investigação sistemática da doença neste e em outros municípios do estado.Considerando os resultados alcançados e as condições em que foi realizado o presente estudo, conclui-se que há casuística de LVC para cães sintomáticos ou assintomáticos, os quais buscam atendimento clínico-ambulatorial na cidade de Goiânia; existe ocorrência de portador de infecção por Leishmania chagasi entre cães vadios capturados no município de Goiânia; os testes de diagnóstico ELISA e RIFI apresentam resultados apenas moderadamente concordantes para o diagnóstico sorológico da LVC; os exames parasitológicos e PCR conduzidos a partir de amostras de pele e linfonodo apresentam resultados equivalentes para o diagnóstico da LVC.

The work for this thesis is in line with the field of Instrumentation for Particle Accelerators, so called Beam Diagnostics. It is presented the development of a series of electro-mechanical devices called Inductive Pick-Ups (IPU) for Beam Position Monitoring (BPM). A full set of 17 BPM units (16 + 1 spare), named BPS units, were built and installed into the Test Beam Line (TBL), an electron beam decelerator, of the 3rd CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) at CERN ¿European Organization for the Nuclear Research¿. The CTF3, built at CERN by an international collaboration, was meant to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the key concepts for CLIC ¿Compact Linear Collider¿ as a future linear collider based on the novel two-beam acceleration scheme, and in order to achieve the next energy frontier for a lepton collider in theMulti-TeV scale. Modern particle accelerators and in particular future colliders like CLIC requires an extreme alignment and stabilization of the beam in order to enhance its quality, which rely heavily on a beam based alignment techniques. Here the BPMs, like the BPS-IPU, play an important role providing the beam position with precision and high resolution, besides a beam current measurement in the case of the BPS, along the beam lines. The BPS project carried out at IFIC was mainly developed in two phases: prototyping and series production and test for the TBL. In the first project phase two fully functional BPS prototypes were constructed, focusing in this thesis work on the electronic design of the BPS on-board PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) which are based on transformers for the current sensing and beam position measurement. Furthermore, it is described the monitor mechanical design with emphasis on all the parts directly involved in its electromagnetic functioning, as a result of the coupling of the EM fields generated by the beam with those parts. For that, it was studied its operational parameters, according the TBL specifications, and it was also simulated a new circuital model reproducing the BPS monitor frequency response for its operational bandwidth (1kHz-100MHz). These prototypes were initially tested in the laboratories of the BI-PI section¿Beam Instrumentation - Position and Intensity¿ at CERN. In the second project phase the BPS monitor series, which were built based on the experience acquired during the prototyping phase, the work was focused on the realization of the characterization tests to measure the main operational parameters of each series monitor, for which it was designed and constructed two test benches with different purposes and frequency regions. The first one is designed to work in the low frequency region, between 1kHz-100MHz, in the time scale of the electron beam pulse with a repetition period of 1s and an approximate duration of 140ns. This kind of test setups called Wire Test-bench are commonly used in the accelerators instrumentation field in order to determine the characteristic parameters of a BPM (or pick-up) like its linearity and precision in the position measurement, and also its frequency response (bandwidth). This is done by emulating a low current intensity beam with a stretched wire carrying a current signals which can be precisely positioned with respect the device under test. This test bench was specifically made for the BPS monitor and conceived to perform the measurement data acquisition in an automated way, managing the measurement equipment and the wire positioning motors controller from a PC workstation. Each one of the BPS monitors series were characterized by using this system at the IFIC labs, and the test results and analysis are presented in this work. On the other hand, the high frequency tests, above the X band in the microwave spectrum and at the time scale of the micro-bunch pulses with a bunching period of 83ps (12GHz) inside a long 140ns pulse, were performed in order to measure the longitudinal impedance of the BPS monitor. This must be low enough in order to minimize the perturbations on the beam produced at crossing the monitor, which affects to its stability during the propagation along the line. For that, it was built the high frequency test bench as a coaxial waveguide structure of 24mm diameter matched at 50¿ and with a bandwidth from 18MHz to 30GHz, which was previously simulated, and having room in the middle to place the BPS as the device under test. This high frequency test bench is able to reproduce the TEM (Transversal Electro-Magnetic) propagative modes corresponding to an ultra-relativistic electron beam of 12GHz bunching frequency, so that the Scattering parameters can be measured to obtain the longitudinal impedance of the BPS in the frequency range of interest. Finally, it is also presented the results of the beam test made in the TBL line, with beam currents from 3.5A to 13A (max. available at the moment of the test). In order to determine the minimum resolution attainable by a BPS monitor in the measurement of the beam position, being the device figure of merit, with a resolution goal of 5¿m at maximum beam current of 28A according to the TBL specifications. / García Garrigós, JJ. (2013). Development of the Beam Position Monitors for the Diagnostics of the Test Beam Line in the CTF3 at CERN [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34327

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcelo Sales Guimaraes.pdf: 3899079 bytes, checksum: 38f856923d6a5606a0da0a5054c4e8f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24 / Bovine neosporosis is a parasitic disease of cosmopolitan distribution, caused by the obligatory intracellular cyst forming protozoan Neospora caninum (Phylum Apicomplexa, family Sarcocystidae). It has a strong association with bovine abortion, being N. caninum protozoan considered the most important for this species. The main route of transmission is vertical, determining the endemic-type neosporosis in cattle. Brazilian local breeds as Curraleiro and Pantaneiro present hardiness and resistance to adverse conditions, e.g. poor nutrition and microbiological challenges, as predominant characteristics. The conservation program of such breeds has encouraged studies aiming at a greater knowledge of these animals peculiarities. The purpose of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of these breeds for N. caninum and the occurrence of vertical transmission in herds, evaluating the importance of bovine neosporosis for these herds. Five farms in the state of Goiás and one in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, with Curraleiro and Pantaneiro herds, respectively, were observed. Blood was collected from females at reproductive age and their offspring before colostrum intake, if possible. If it was not possible, blood was periodically collected from the offspring (five collections) until about ten months of age. A total of 358 animals was examined, 249 (198 females and 51 calves) Curraleiros and 109 (62 females and 47 calves) Pantaneiros. Seropositivity to N. caninum was evaluated by using the indirect immunofluorescence (cutoff ≥ 1:200) and ELISA (HerdChek® IDEXX Laboratories) (cutoff S/P ≥ 0.50). The total incidence of seropositives was 47,49% (170/358), 51% (127/249) Curraleiro and 39,45% (43/109) Pantaneiro. One hundred percent of the farms observed presented seropositive animals. The highest titer was 1:25600. The overall vertical transmission rate observed in herds was 51% (95%, CI 37%-64%), being 48% (95%, CI 30%-66%) in Curraleiro and 54% (95%, CI 35%-73%) in Pantaneiro. There was no statistically significant association between breed or titer of the cows and the occurrence of vertical transmission (OR 0,79; CI 0,27-2,34 95%). A low-moderate agreement was found between the two diagnostic techniques used (κ = 0.34). Thus, N. caninum is present in Curraleiro and Pantaneiro cattle breeds, with significant rates of seropositivity and vertical transmission. Although widely distributed, N. caninum does not seem to cause problems in Curraleiro and Pantaneiro herds, as abortion problems are rare and females have good fertility, within the constraints of the breed. / A neosporose bovina é uma enfermidade parasitária causada pelo protozoário intracelular obrigatório Neospora caninum (filo Apicomplexa, família Sarcocystidae), formador de cistos. Enfermidade de distribuição cosmopolita, a neosporose apresenta forte associação com o abortamento bovino, sendo N. caninum considerado o protozoário mais importante para essa espécie. A principal rota de transmissão é a vertical determinando a neosporose do tipo endêmica nos rebanhos. Raças locais brasileiras como o gado Curraleiro e Pantaneiro apresentam como características preponderantes a rusticidade e resistência às condições adversas tais como carência nutricional e desafios microbiológicos. O programa de conservação destas raças incentivou estudos que visam o maior conhecimento das particularidades destes animais. A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar a soropositividade destas raças para N. caninum e a ocorrência de transmissão vertical nos rebanhos, permitindo determinar a importância da neosporose bovina nestes rebanhos. Cinco propriedades criadoras de Curraleiro (estado de Goiás) e uma criadora de Pantaneiro (estado de Mato Grosso do Sul) foram acompanhadas. Foi colhido sangue das fêmeas em idade reprodutiva e de suas crias antes da ingestão do colostro, quando possível. Quando não, foi colhido sangue das crias periodicamente (cinco colheitas) até em torno dos dez meses de idade. Um total de 358 animais foi analisado, sendo 249 (198 fêmeas e 51 bezerros) Curraleiros e 109 (62 fêmeas e 47 bezerros) Pantaneiros. Avaliou-se a soropositividade para N. caninum por meio das técnicas de imunofluorescência indireta (ponto de corte ≥ 1:200) e ELISA indireto (HerdChek® IDEXX Laboratories) (ponto de corte S/P ≥ 0,50). A ocorrência total de soropositivos foi 47,49% (170/358), com 51% (127/249) do gado Curraleiro e 39,45% (43/109) do gado Pantaneiro soropositivo. Cem por cento das propriedades acompanhadas apresentaram animais positivos. O maior título encontrado foi de 1:25600. A taxa de transmissão vertical geral observada nos rebanhos foi de 51% (95%, IC 37%-64%), sendo de 48% (95%, IC 30%-66%) no gado Curraleiro e de 54% (95%, IC 35%-73%) no Pantaneiro. Não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre título ou raça das mães e ocorrência de transmissão vertical (OR 0,79; IC 0,27-2,34 95%). Uma concordância moderada-baixa foi verificada entre as duas técnicas de diagnóstico utilizadas (κ = 0,34). Assim, N. caninum está presente nos rebanhos bovinos das raças Curraleiro e Pantaneiro, com consideráveis taxas de soropositividade e transmissão vertical. Embora amplamente distribuído, N. caninum parece não representar problema nos rebanhos Curraleiro e Pantaneiro, visto que problemas de abortamento são raros e as fêmeas apresentam boa fertilidade, dentro das limitações das raças.

The thesis deals with wattmetric and conductance principle of faulted feeder detection in medium voltage compensated distribution networks. These principles are analysed and tested with particular emphasis on high impedance earth faults. The first part of testing utilizes data about state of the system with earth fault, which was determined by designed static model of earth fault. The testing in the second part utilizes real records of high impedance earth faults. In both parts the wattmetric and conductance protections was presented on protective relays ABB REF 615, ABB REM 543 and Protection&Consulting RYo by means of unit OMICRON CMC 256plus. As a major result of performed tests are records of detection of particular earth faults. Based on these records it could be concluded, that functionality of protections is substantially dependent on magnitude of zero sequence voltage. Furthermore the wattmetric protections are dependent on fault resistance as well.