Nous nous intéressons à la modélisation de formes complexes de type structures arborescences, formes lacunaires ou surfaces rugueuses. Ces formes sont intéressantes de par leurs propriétés physiques particulières :objets légers, économie de matière, résistance mécanique, absorption acoustique importante. Les modèles basés sur le concept de la géométrie fractale permettent de générer de telles formes et notamment les formes auto-similaires. A partir des travaux de Barnsley sur les systèmes itérés de fonctions, Tosan et al, ont proposé une extension, Boundary Controled Iterated Funcions Systems (BCIFS) pour contrôler plus facilement les formes et faciliter leur description. Nous nous intéressons aux propriétés différentielles des formes décrites par BCIFS. Nous proposons une définition plus générale d'espace tangent qui permet de caractériser le comportement de cas non-classiquement différentiables.Nous montrons que l'étude du comportement différentiel peut alors se faire simplement par analyse des valeurs propres et vecteurs propres généralisés des opérateurs de subdivision. Il devient alors possible de contrôler ces propriétés différentielles. Nous présentons une application de nos résultats, en proposant une méthode pour construire des raccords entre deux structures définies par des processus de subdivision différents. Cette méthode est appliquée pour la construction d'un raccord entre une surface de subdivision de Doo-Sabin(schéma dual) et une surface de subdivision de Catmull-Clark (schéma primal)

This study presents the implementation of Middle East Technical University Neural Network (METU-NN) models for the ionospheric forecasting together with worldwide usage capability of the Internet. Furthermore, an attempt is made to include expert information in the Neural Network (NN) model in the form of neurofuzzy network (NFN). Middle East Technical University Neurofuzzy Network (METU-NFN) modeling approach is developed which is the first attempt of using a neurofuzzy model in the ionospheric forecasting studies. The Web based applications developed in this study have the ability to be customized such that other NN and NFN models including METU-NFN can also be adapted. The NFN models developed in this study are compared with the previously developed and matured METU-NN models. At this very early stage of employing neurofuzzy models in this field, ambitious objectives are not aimed. Applicability of the neurofuzzy systems on the ionospheric forecasting studies is only demonstrated. Training and operating METU-NN and METU-NFN models under equal conditions and with the same data sets, the cross correlation of obtained and measured values are 0.9870 and 0.9086 and the root mean square error (RMSE) values of 1.7425 TECU and 4.7987 TECU are found by operating METU-NN and METU-NFN models respectively. The results obtained by METU-NFN model is close to those found by METU-NN model. These results are reasonable enough to encourage further studies on neurofuzzy models to benefit from expert information. Availability of these models which already attracted intense international attention will greatly help the related scientific circles to use the models. The models can be architecturally constructed, trained and operated on-line. To the best of our knowledge this is the first application that gives the ability of on-line model usage with these features. Applicability of NFN models to the ionospheric forecasting is demonstrated. Having ample flexibility the constructed model enables further developments and improvements. Other neurofuzzy systems in the literature might also lead to better achievements.

This research intends to analyze a set of educational indicators and scientific, technological and artistic production of research groups linked to the Federal Institute of Sergipe (IFS), in order to offer some useful clues for the definition of priorities to be implemented by an institutional policy Of science and technology in which research, teaching, extension and innovation actions are integrated and articulated with local, regional and national scientific and technological development. The scope of the research is structured around the following axes: (i) survey of IFS human resources; (Ii) characterization of research groups; (Iii) definition of the educational profile of the participants of the research groups; (Iv) survey of the scientific, technological and innovation productivity of group leaders; (V) identification of the institutional partnerships developed between the IFS and the productive sector.This is a quantitative / qualitative and analytical / descriptive research that used information extracted from lattes curricula and from the Directory of Brazilian Research Groups (DGP), from the Lattes / CNPq platform, as a secondary source of data that were collected by Instrument (questionnaire) composed of quantitative and qualitative variables. The sample consisted of updated and certified research groups from IFS and their respective leaders. The resulting data of the quantitative variables are presented in tables, whereas those generated from the qualitative variables are analyzed in light of the Content Analysis. In this way, it seeks to give visibility to the challenges and advances faced by the IFS research groups in order to contribute to the development and strengthening of an institutional science and technology policy.According to the results, it was verified that the IFS has 52 certified and updated research groups, 205 research lines and 70 group leaders distributed as follows: undergraduate (02), master's degree (25), doctorate (40) and Postdoctoral (03), working in the areas of arts and letters, biological sciences, human sciences, agrarian sciences, applied social sciences and exact sciences and earth. The groups have partnerships with eleven (11) institutions, most of them (81%) concentrated in the states of the Northeast region. Regarding the sector of activity, the majority (45%) work in higher education. Regarding the legal nature, only three (03) companies belong to the private sector, which corresponds to (27%). With regard to the generic form of remuneration, partnership prevails without the transfer of resources of any kind, involving exclusively risk relationships. This study shows the need to formulate an institutional science and technology policy capable of encouraging the overcoming of gender inequalities, supporting the internalization of research in the state of Sergipe and bringing the IFS institution closer to other public and private institutions in order to better Contribute to the technological development and, consequently, economic and social state. / Esta pesquisa pretende analisar um conjunto de indicadores educacionais e de produção científica, tecnológica e artística dos grupos de pesquisa vinculados ao Instituto Federal de Sergipe (IFS), a fim de oferecer algumas pistas úteis para a definição de prioridades a serem implementadas por uma política institucional de ciência e tecnologia em que ações de pesquisa, ensino, extensão e inovação estejam integradas e articuladas com o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico local, regional e nacional. O escopo da investigação está estruturado pelos seguintes eixos: (i) levantamento de recursos humanos do IFS; (ii) caracterização dos grupos de pesquisa; (iii) definição do perfil educacional dos participantes dos grupos de pesquisa; (iv) levantamento da produtividade científica, tecnológica e de inovação dos líderes dos grupos; (v) identificação das parcerias institucionais desenvolvidas entre o IFS e o setor produtivo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo quantitativa/qualitativa e analítica/descritiva que utilizou informações extraídas dos currículos lattes e do Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa do Brasil (DGP), da plataforma Lattes/CNPq, como fonte secundária de dados que foram coletados por meio de um instrumento (questionário) composto de variáveis quantitativas e qualitativas. A amostra foi composta pelos grupos de pesquisa atualizados e certificados pelo IFS e pelos respectivos líderes desses grupos. Os dados resultantes das variáveis quantitativas estão apresentados em tabelas, enquanto que os gerados a partir das variáveis qualitativas são analisados à luz da Análise de Conteúdo. Desse modo, busca-se dar visibilidade aos desafios e avanços enfrentados pelos grupos de pesquisa do IFS a fim de contribuir para o desenvolvimento e fortalecimento de uma política institucional de ciência e tecnologia. De acordo com os resultados, verificou-se que o IFS possui 52 grupos de pesquisa certificados e atualizados, 205 linhas de pesquisa e 70 líderes de grupos distribuídos da seguinte forma: graduação (02), mestrado (25), doutorado (40) e pós-doutorado (03), atuando nas áreas de letras e artes, ciências biológicas, ciências humanas, ciências agrárias, ciências sociais aplicadas e ciências exatas e da terra. Os grupos mantêm parcerias com onze (11) instituições, sendo sua maioria (81%) concentrada nos estados da região Nordeste. No que diz respeito ao setor de atuação, a maioria (45%) atua na educação superior. Já com relação à natureza jurídica, apenas três (03) empresas pertencem ao setor privado, o que corresponde a (27%). Com relação à forma genérica de remuneração, prevalece a parceria sem a transferência de recursos de qualquer espécie, envolvendo exclusivamente relacionamento de risco. Este estudo mostra a necessidade de formulação de uma política institucional de ciência e tecnologia capaz de incentivar a superação das desigualdades de gênero, apoiar a interiorização da pesquisa no estado de Sergipe e aproximar a instituição IFS com outras instituições públicas e privadas, a fim de melhor contribuir para o desenvolvimento tecnológico e, consequentemente econômico e social do estado.

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This thesis examines the concept of image self-similarity and provides solutions to various associated inverse problems such as resolution enhancement and missing fractal codes. In general, many real-world inverse problems are ill-posed, mainly because of the lack of existence of a unique solution. The procedure of providing acceptable unique solutions to such problems is known as regularization. The concept of image prior, which has been of crucial importance in image modelling and processing, has also been important in solving inverse problems since it algebraically translates to the regularization procedure. Indeed, much recent progress in imaging has been due to advances in the formulation and practice of regularization. This, coupled with progress in optimization and numerical analysis, has yielded much improvement in computational methods of solving inverse imaging problems. Historically, the idea of self-similarity was important in the development of fractal image coding. Here we show that the self-similarity properties of natural images may be used to construct image priors for the purpose of addressing certain inverse problems. Indeed, new trends in the area of non-local image processing have provided a rejuvenated appreciation of image self-similarity and opportunities to explore novel self-similarity-based priors. We first revisit the concept of fractal-based methods and address some open theoretical problems in the area. This includes formulating a necessary and sufficient condition for the contractivity of the block fractal transform operator. We shall also provide some more generalized formulations of fractal-based self-similarity constraints of an image. These formulations can be developed algebraically and also in terms of the set-based method of Projection Onto Convex Sets (POCS). We then revisit the traditional inverse problems of single frame image zooming and multi-frame resolution enhancement, also known as super-resolution. Some ideas will be borrowed from newly developed non-local denoising algorithms in order to formulate self-similarity priors. Understanding the role of scale and choice of examples/samples is also important in these proposed models. For this purpose, we perform an extensive series of numerical experiments and analyze the results. These ideas naturally lead to the method of self-examples, which relies on the regularity properties of natural images at different scales, as a means of solving the single-frame image zooming problem. Furthermore, we propose and investigate a multi-frame super-resolution counterpart which does not require explicit motion estimation among video sequences.

This thesis examines the concept of image self-similarity and provides solutions to various associated inverse problems such as resolution enhancement and missing fractal codes. In general, many real-world inverse problems are ill-posed, mainly because of the lack of existence of a unique solution. The procedure of providing acceptable unique solutions to such problems is known as regularization. The concept of image prior, which has been of crucial importance in image modelling and processing, has also been important in solving inverse problems since it algebraically translates to the regularization procedure. Indeed, much recent progress in imaging has been due to advances in the formulation and practice of regularization. This, coupled with progress in optimization and numerical analysis, has yielded much improvement in computational methods of solving inverse imaging problems. Historically, the idea of self-similarity was important in the development of fractal image coding. Here we show that the self-similarity properties of natural images may be used to construct image priors for the purpose of addressing certain inverse problems. Indeed, new trends in the area of non-local image processing have provided a rejuvenated appreciation of image self-similarity and opportunities to explore novel self-similarity-based priors. We first revisit the concept of fractal-based methods and address some open theoretical problems in the area. This includes formulating a necessary and sufficient condition for the contractivity of the block fractal transform operator. We shall also provide some more generalized formulations of fractal-based self-similarity constraints of an image. These formulations can be developed algebraically and also in terms of the set-based method of Projection Onto Convex Sets (POCS). We then revisit the traditional inverse problems of single frame image zooming and multi-frame resolution enhancement, also known as super-resolution. Some ideas will be borrowed from newly developed non-local denoising algorithms in order to formulate self-similarity priors. Understanding the role of scale and choice of examples/samples is also important in these proposed models. For this purpose, we perform an extensive series of numerical experiments and analyze the results. These ideas naturally lead to the method of self-examples, which relies on the regularity properties of natural images at different scales, as a means of solving the single-frame image zooming problem. Furthermore, we propose and investigate a multi-frame super-resolution counterpart which does not require explicit motion estimation among video sequences.

This thesis deals with nonlinear physics and chaos theory from its begining, through the main people to its application in various fields. This work has also part of fractals and fractal geometry. There are also source codes of various examples.

This present dissertation, submitted to Programa de Pós graduação em ensino de ciências e matemática da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), performed a study about the integrated curriculum, focusing on analyze its composition and how to know the effective process of learning math, comprehending the composition of this process to this specific grade, having as a base the Nível Técnico and the Nível Médio of the electronic course, of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe – IFS/Campus Aracaju/SE. The organization of the Integrated Curriculum comes from Decree nº 5.154 / 2004. From that, other forms of medium-level professional education was consolidated, including the possibility of the technical teaching way to be offered as an integrated form to the middle school level.In order for the central objective of this research happened, were requested some registration data: document analysis, in order to be able to know how the Integrated Curriculum is organized, examining whether the Pedagogical Project Course of the Nível Técnico and the Nível Médio of the electronic course directs towards the integration Between the different areas of knowledge and identify how mathematical contents are contemplated; We performed semi-structured interview with teachers, but also with the students to evaluate the design of Integrated Curriculum and focus groups with students to identify about the relevance of mathematical subjects to technical training and the meaning attributed to that knowledge. Regarding the document analysis, it shows us how to integrate different kinds of acknowledge ways, not only, affirming that the concretization of the integrated curricular should be a methodology priority appropriating to the school subjects, although the evidence of the purpose could not be shown, by the display of the pedagogical practice of the teachers. It was seized in the speech of teachers and students, conceptions about the Integrated Curriculum clearing pointing out a reference to the course offered which integrates the technical education to the form to the middle school level with school subjects working out with different objectives, in one way the general subjects prepares for the Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio -ENEM, in other hand, it deals with the technique to join the market business. The students noticed the lack of the linking between the school subjects showing out that the math contents effectively turn to the form to the middle school level, and not involving the technical school subjects, demonstrating that the not composable situations between in teacher’s methodology ways affect the learning process of math. In summary, it was concluded by the provided elements that the way of the integrated curriculum is formed, by the lack of the linking of the school subjects in this pedagogical curriculum, don't have significant effect on the process of learning math. / A presente Dissertação, submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), realizou um estudo acerca do Currículo Integrado, objetivando analisar como se constitui a integração curricular e saber como se efetiva o ensino de Matemática, envolvendo o Curso de Nível Técnico de Nível Médio Integrado em Eletrotécnica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Sergipe – IFS/Campus Aracaju/SE. A organização do Currículo Integrado se dá a partir do Decreto nº 5.154/2004, consolidando-se outras formas de ensino profissional de nível médio e incluindo-se o compromisso com a possibilidade de o Ensino Técnico ser novamente ofertado de forma integrada com o Ensino Médio. Para que o objetivo central desta pesquisa fosse alcançado, foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: análise documental, de forma a poder conhecer como se organiza o Currículo Integrado, examinando se o Projeto Pedagógico do Curso Técnico de Nível Médio Integrado em Eletrotécnica orienta no sentido da integração entre as diversas áreas do conhecimento; e, ainda, se é possível identificar como os conteúdos matemáticos estão contemplados. Realizamos entrevista semiestruturada com os docentes para investigar qual a concepção de Currículo Integrado e a prática de ensino no âmbito deste currículo e com os grupos focais formados por discentes para, além de investigar a concepção sobre o Currículo Integrado, identificar a pertinência dos assuntos matemáticos voltados à formação técnica e qual o sentido atribuído a esse saber. Como principais resultados, destacamos que o Projeto Pedagógico do Curso apresenta orientação na perspectiva da integração entre as diversas áreas do conhecimento, como também, assinala que para a concretização da integração curricular devem ser priorizadas metodologias adequadas ao propósito da integração entre as disciplinas, embora não foi evidenciada a relação com o proposto pelo documento na concretização objetiva da prática pedagógica dos docentes. A partir dos depoimentos obtidos foram constatadas concepções acerca do Currículo Integrado que apontam de forma mais evidente uma referência à oferta de curso que integra o Ensino Técnico ao Ensino Médio, com disciplinas atuando em função de objetivos distintos, de um lado as disciplinas gerais preparam para o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio – ENEM; do outro, as técnicas para formação profissional. Os dados demostram ausência de integração entre as disciplinas, tendo sido apontado pelos discentes que os conteúdos da Matemática se voltam mais para o escopo do Ensino Médio, não se relacionando com as disciplinas técnicas, sendo sublinhado que as ações não integradas entre os professores nas situações de ensino afetam a aprendizagem de Matemática. Concluiu-se, a partir do conjunto dos dados, que a integração curricular da forma como se constitui, a começar pela ausência de integração entre as disciplinas que compõem esse currículo, não assinala efeitos significativos na forma de ensinar Matemática.

This study aims to analyze the Thousand Women Program (PROMIL), developed at Instituto Federal de Sergipe (IFS), Campus Aracaju, and their interfaces with the policies of education and work, noting that the goals proposed by the Program, at the national are in Sergipe being achieved, specifically those that relate to the integration of recent grads in the labor market, increasing schooling and self-esteem. Backed up in the analysis of the categories work and education in the context of capitalism, assuming that the work is a fundamental element of human sociability and sought to understand how other complex social specific - like education - contribute to the reproduction the capitalist mode of production, with a focus on professional education. It is a qualitative study that is referenced in the method historicaldialectical- materialist and the bibliographical and documentary. The research consisted of sixty (60) women, students, alumni, the first and the third class PROMIL Campus Aracaju, and three (03) of the 1st program managers in Sergipe. The sample consisted of 12 (twelve) students discharged. For data collection forms were applied, with open and closed questions, managers and students discharged from that program. The results obtained in the study indicate that although there are no major difficulties in the operation of the Program, in the context of IFS / Aracaju, there is a gap between the objectives proposed by PROMIL nationwide and achievements in Sergipe, especially with regard to insertion and / or return of women to the labor market and the increase in schooling these. There is a greater range goal that are intended to improve the self-esteem of women participating in the program. / Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o Programa Mulheres Mil (PROMIL), desenvolvido no Instituto Federal de Sergipe (IFS), Campus Aracaju, e suas interfaces com as políticas de Educação e Trabalho, observando se os objetivos propostos pelo referido Programa, na esfera nacional, estão, em Sergipe, sendo alcançados, especificamente aqueles que se referem à inserção das egressas no mercado de trabalho, elevação da escolaridade e da autoestima. Respaldou-se na análise das categorias Trabalho e Educação no contexto do capitalismo, partindo do princípio de que o Trabalho é elemento fundante da sociabilidade humana e procurou compreender a forma como outros complexos sociais específicos - a exemplo da Educação -, contribuem para a reprodução do modo de produção capitalista, com foco na Educação Profissional. É um estudo de caráter qualitativo que se referenciou no método materialista-histórico-dialético e nas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. O universo da pesquisa foi constituído por 60 (sessenta) mulheres, estudantes egressas da primeira e terceira turma do PROMIL, Campus Aracaju; e os 03 (três) primeiros gestores do Programa em Sergipe. A amostra se constituiu de 12(doze) estudantes egressas. Para a coleta de dados foram aplicados formulários, com perguntas abertas e fechadas, a gestores e estudantes egressas do referido Programa. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa indicam que apesar de não haver maiores dificuldades na operacionalização do Programa, no contexto do IFS/Aracaju, há um distanciamento entre os objetivos propostos pelo PROMIL em âmbito nacional e os resultados alcançados em Sergipe, principalmente no que diz respeito à inserção e/ou retorno das mulheres ao mercado de trabalho e a elevação da escolaridade destas. Há um maior alcance do objetivo que tem como propósito melhorar a autoestima das mulheres participantes do Programa.

Professional courses can promote educational activities through an interdisciplinary approach in the classroom use of electronic waste as procedures to form subject aware. The Federal Institutes while locus can enhance vocational training articulated with social reality and thus meet the prerogatives of the laws in force regarding solid waste policies. To that end, the goal of this thesis is the observation that the theory must be correlated with the practice in the laboratory, namely, content related to the object of study (electronic waste) in the mid-level technical course of maintenance and computer support in order to verify as teachers and graduates are realizing the electronic waste and its organizational forms in the school environment. The survey was methodologically in the case study, adopting a qualitative and quantitative approach of interpretative nature-reflective. In this sense, the electronic waste, while pedagogical support instrument inserted into the content of the various disciplines of the technical course in Computer maintenance and support functions as a mediator in the teachinglearning process by virtue of its relationship with the problem of electronic waste, enabling the construction of knowledge; demonstration of the use of efficient forms of reuse, recycling and utilisation of this waste. Yes, the evidence presented by the graduates and teachers showed that the practices in electronic waste allowed form subject conscious, critical and reflective on the basis of a broad training in Environmental education is present in this professional context. / Cursos profissionais podem promover atividades pedagógica mediante abordagem interdisciplinar em sala de aula do uso de resíduos eletrônicos como procedimento para formar sujeitos conscientes. Os Institutos Federais enquanto locus formativo pode oportunizar uma formação profissional articulada com a realidade social e assim atender as prerrogativas das legislações vigentes no que tange as Políticas de Resíduos Sólidos. Para tanto, o objetivo dessa tese está na constatação de que a teoria deve ser correlacionada com a prática em laboratório, ou seja, conteúdo relacionado ao objeto de estudo (resíduo eletrônico) no Curso Técnico de Nível Médio de Manutenção e Suporte em Informática com a finalidade de verificar como professores e egressos percebem o resíduo eletrônico e suas formas organizacionais no ambiente escolar. A pesquisa se baseou metodologicamente no estudo de caso, adotando uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa de natureza interpretativo-reflexivo. Neste sentido, o resíduo eletrônico, enquanto instrumento de apoio pedagógico inserido no conteúdo das diversas disciplinas do Curso Técnico de Manutenção e Suporte em Informática funciona como um mediador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em virtude da sua aproximação com o problema do resíduo eletrônico, possibilitando a construção de conhecimentos; demonstração da utilização de formas eficientes de reuso, reciclagem e aproveitamento desses resíduos. Pois, as evidencias apresentadas pelos egressos e professores demonstraram que as práticas em resíduo eletrônico possibilitaram formar sujeitos conscientes, reflexivos e críticos com base numa formação ampla em que a Educação Ambiental se faz presente nesse contexto profissional.