The present dissertation deals with how a segment of the Swedish immigrant group mobilized to be included in American society. Three Swedish-American working class organizations have been studied as to how they interacted to promote their interests in Chicago and the Lake View district during the first decades of this century. Reflecting political, cultural and economic aspects of the immigrant workers' lives the case studies indicate that Swedish immigrant workers constructed an organizational network parallel to the one they had left in the old country known as "folkrörelsesamverkan" (popular movement cooperation). Like in Sweden this network was constructed as a haven for social mobilization, with the exception that in the American context an ethnic aspect was added.In the formative phase of their haven, historical retrospect and the defence of organized labor in the old country were important aspects of their activities. Through the educational and cultural programs that were organized, the group articulated and consolidated its position for interaction with American society including other ethnic groups. Political radicalism, including a pro-labor temperance movement, distinguished the group both within the Swedish enclave and the American labor movement. Nevertheless, in constant conflict and cooperation with other groups, new bonds of solidarity were developed which gradually enabled a re-definition of the group to include fewer ethnic and more class aspects. Once a wider definition of the group was implemented, the need for separate Swedish-American organizations decreased. Hence in the 1930s, by which time the Swedish immigrants had been included in the American labor movement, the Swedish-American labor movement also withered. / digitalisering@umu

The thesis investigates immigrants’ labour market performance and migrants’ remittance behaviour using survey data from Spain and Australia. Using empirical estimation techniques, it examines the following three aspects: (1) the impact of immigrants’ educational mismatch at home on the incidence and wage effects of over-education in the destination country; (2) the extent to which immigrants’ social and ethnic capital can correct over-education; and (3) the role of initial motives to migrate, employment conditions and education on immigrants’ remittance behaviour. Using individual data from Spain, the empirical results show that immigrants’ education-occupation mismatch can largely be explained by an existing education-occupation mismatch in the last job held in the home country. In addition to this, a high persistence in over-education is observed throughout their stay in the destination country, with significant wage penalties, especially for the higher educated group. It is argued that immigrants’ performance in the labour market can be improved by their social capital as it provides access to useful resources that could help them in finding a job. However, this does not necessarily mean that social capital can help in finding a better matched job over time. Using a longitudinal household panel survey from Australia, the results suggest that social capital does not contribute in reducing over-education. In particular, social participation and ethnic networks are strong contributors in accentuating over-education. Mixed results are found when distinguishing between levels of education, with the higher educated being better off in the labour market through their contacts. In addition to this, initial motives to migrate, labour market conditions in the host country as well as human capital accumulated may in fact have an impact on immigrants’ decision to stay in the host country, which could in turn affect their remittance behaviour. Evidence from Spain shows that labour migrants are more likely to send money back home, while family migrants have a lower propensity to remit. In addition, employment stability throughout the stay in the host country has a strong negative impact on both, the decision and the amount sent. Significant differences are observed between years of arrival, where the higher educated remit more as time spent in the host country increases, while level of income and employment stability appear to be important determinants for recent arrivals than for those who spent more than 10 years abroad.

This thesis addresses a combination of offline and online factors influencing negotiations of a belonging identity among millennials. Born between mid-1980s and 1990s, the millennials constitute the first generation to negotiate their belonging identity amidst local and internet mediated social interactions (Howe & Strauss 2000: 4). Drawing on the experiences of 46 millennial Poles located in Glasgow, Scotland, and using a mixture of social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner 1979), symbolic interactionism (Cooley 2005; Mead 1982; 1967; Goffman 1959) and postmodern interpretations (Bauman 2011; 2007; 2004a; 2004b), I examine the millennials’ experiences in negotiating their belonging identity across virtual and real-life locations by applying a qualitative and culturally tailored methodology, including semi-structured, open-ended interviews. The key research questions address the nature, process, and challenges inherent in negotiations of belonging identity, including the manner millennial Poles in Glasgow experience the contemporary multicultural and multilocal environments. The data is analyzed according to the emerging themes, such as the role of family and education system in Poland, as well as the impact of online interactions that enhance and broaden the belonging identity negotiation. Particularly, the digital (hyperlocal) dimension points to the emergence of a novel type of time-bound belonging, a now-here identity, which stands in a stark contrast to the previous, spatially-based conceptualizations, including that of the nowhere belonging of Bauman (2007; 2004b). Additionally, the thesis challenges the dominant metanarrative of ‘migrant’, it being the omnipresent stigmatizing moniker for non-citizen residents. Applying an intersectional perspective (Crenshaw 1989; 1991; Collins 2015; 1990; 1986), the research exposes in particular the ethnic and class discrimination encoded into the word ‘migrant’, with its connotations of a lesser-value identity (Klekowski von Koppenfels 2014) and non-belonging. The research also enhances transnational, networks and mobilities theories by applying social identity theory and symbolic interactionism into analyses of experiences of migration, and thereby challenges the prevalent citizenship identity discourse by highlighting instead the diversity of multicultural and multilocal affiliations. In regards to methodological contributions, the research emphasizes the significance of culturally sensitive and individually tailored methodology that acknowledges cultural subjectivity and is aware of a variety of interpretations. The research advocates a development of non-discriminatory theoretical and methodological approaches that recognize ongoing social and cultural changes brought by digitalization of information and the emergence of multilocalities.

The thesis investigates the phenomenon of multilingualism from a Bourdieusian-derived perspective with a focus on the conditions enabling second-generation immigrant agents to produce, reproduce, and negotiate linguistic practices with non-autochthonous minority languages in the officially bilingual context of Cardiff, Wales. The thesis follows in the footsteps of Pierre Bourdieu, using his model of linguistic production and circulation as a conceptual lens for the analysis of the linguistic biographies of thirteen second-generation multilingual participants. In doing so, the project also tests the suitability of this model to account for the production of alternative linguistic practices other than the dominant ones, for transformation, and ultimately, for the phenomenon of multilingualism associated with the process of immigration. The analysis of the linguistic biographies focuses on the development of the linguistic habitus of the second-generation agents taking into consideration the socio-historically constructed power relations which have influenced their trajectory. This involves understanding the relationship between such a linguistic habitus and the linguistic market(s) with which the interviewees have interacted. First, the thesis suggests that in Cardiff English is recognized as the legitimate language, Welsh is partially legitimate, while non-autochthonous minority languages are illegitimate. Second, in light of the linguistic biographies the project examines how the interplay between the home, the school, religious practices, and digital practices influenced the construction of alternative linguistic markets according to which the linguistic habitus of the participants developed, enabling them to reproduce linguistic practices with Arabic, Bengali, Somali, Urdu, or Punjabi. The study thus suggests that the phenomenon of multilingualism can be redefined from the perspective of an individual’s linguistic habitus understood as an integral and generative set of dispositions which develops and functions according to the socio-historically constructed conditions and power relations within and, crucially, among multiple linguistic markets.

On the basis of the new Migration Law, the present article analyzes which were the main problems in the application of previous regulation, taking in count the legal and migratory situation of foreigners that move to Peru, such as the political and regulatory deficiencies in this field. After this, the article analyzes the new law, its contribution, its deficiencies, and the changes that were being implementing already. / A propósito de la Nueva Ley Migratoria, el presente artículo analiza cuáles eran las problemáticas en la aplicación de la normativa antigua, tomando en cuenta la situación legal y migratoria de los extranjeros que radican en territorio peruano, así como las deficiencias políticas y legislativas en este ámbito. Luego de ello, se analizará la nueva normativa, sus aportes, deficiencias, y los cambios que ya se venían implementando.

This thesis aims to explore the spaces created by migrant communities as they make their place in a new homeland. Theoretically conceived of as translocality, these place-making practices are constructed through vibrant relationships between countries, mainly across national orders. I set out to understand the impact of the global on the local in these negotiations between and within migrant groups and the receiving population through the lens of language practices. Previous studies of translocality have focussed on larger, global cities and this research aims to shed some light on the phenomenon in the super-diverse urban environment of a smaller city. A migrant’s first encounter with a dominant institution in the host country is often in the health domain. My case study is located in a hospital maternity department where large numbers of migrants require language support and is considered to offer a rich site of translocal interactions. I use a qualitative ethnographic methodology and interpretation through induction from contextualised subjective data and a theme-oriented discourse data analysis. This approach is suitable for a study, which requires an understanding of how individuals and groups perceive and construct their worlds, difference, agency and power relations. My findings reveal the control of languages by local governance framed by dominant monolingualism. The reality of in situ multilingualism of the interpreters and patients accessing healthcare in the city is challenging this monolingual dominance. I suggest the vertical top-down to grass roots relationship of the control of languages is becoming increasingly non-hierarchical as the hospital responds to this linguistic reality. The light shed on the negotiation of translocality may inform effective professional practice in the health domain. This knowledge can be of use to other public sectors, language policy makers and planners that engage with members of migrant communities.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Gerardo Alberto Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2017. / Nas últimas décadas, no contexto da globalização, o Brasil vem recebendo importantes fluxos migratórios internacionais. Africanos, latino-americanos, asiáticos, enfim, pessoas de origens diversas chegam ao Brasil com a esperança de conquistarem uma vida melhor, mesmo que a realidade apresentada em solo brasileiro não corresponda, geralmente, às expectativas dos imigrantes. A partir da compreensão da importância dos fluxos migratórios internacionais frente à configuração da economia, espaço e cultura de um país, este estudo pretende conhecer como vêm ocorrendo os fluxos migratórios para o país e o respectivo processo de integração desses imigrantes Trata-se de verificar a efetividade da integração dos migrantes internacionais no território brasileiro, com ênfase na cidade de São Paulo. Em relação à metodologia adotada, esta dissertação se baseou em uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, pois acreditamos que as duas abordagens podem ser trabalhadas juntas e se complementarem, trazendo bons resultados. Entre as conclusões podemos destacar a inexpressividade da dimensão territorial para os imigrantes e o poder público como ferramenta no processo de integração, além da precariedade e vulnerabilidade que acompanha os imigrantes na cidade de São Paulo, cabendo uma reflexão que rompa com a perspectiva do Estado como um simples receptor de imigrantes, mas sim como uma instituição capaz de pensar políticas que possibilitem a integração, inclusive considerando a dimensão territorial. / Due to the globalization, in the last decades, Brazil has been receiving important international migration flows. People from different regions, like Africans, Latin Americans, and Asians, come to Brazil hoping to conquer a better life even when the Brazilian reality doesn¿t match the expectations of the immigrants. This study aims to see how the migration flows have been occurring and how is the integration of those immigrants in our society, based on the importance of international migration flows as elements that configure the economy, the space and the culture of a country. It wants to verify the effectiveness of the international immigrant's integration on the Brazilian territory, emphasizing those who live in the Sao Paulo municipality. The methodology used in this dissertation is based on both qualitative and quantitative approaches because we believe that both approaches can work together as complementary to bring good results. We conclude that the territorial dimension is not meaningful to the immigrants, that the Government is an important tool to the process of integration, and that the vulnerability and the precariousness are inherent to the immigrants that live in Sao Paulo. It¿s paramount to conceive a State that isn¿t a mere immigrant receiver but is an institution capable of designing policies that integrate them considering the territorial dimension.

La question de l'immigration, dans les économies d'accueil, est aujourd'hui au centre des préoccupations politiques, économiques et sociales. L'immigration est perçue, de nos jours, comme un problème plus qu'une opportunité pour les sociétés d'accueil en général et la France en particulier. Les résultats du sondage du Transatlantic Trends entre 2008 et 2013 montrent qu'en France, l'opinion publique sur l'immigration s'est beaucoup dégradée. A la question percevez-vous l'immigration comme un problème plutôt qu'une opportunité ? 50% des sondés français répondaient par l'affirmatif en 2013. Ce pourcentage n'était que de 39% en 2008. Parallèlement à cette situation, les projections démographiques montrent un vieillissement de la population et l'immigration pourrait être une solution face à ce problème. La thèse a pour objectif d'analyser, dans ce contexte de vieillissement démographique, les effets économiques de l'immigration en mettant l'accent sur son impact sur les finances publiques et la demande des ménages en France. Elle contribue ainsi à la littérature sur les coûts et apports de l'immigration dans les pays d'accueil. Elle analyse également les conséquences économiques d'une décision politique relative à l'immigration, en testant les effets des changements de politiques migratoires sur les finances publiques ou encore les effets de la hausse du revenu sur la consommation des ménages natifs et immigrés. La thèse s'articule autour de deux grandes parties : la première s'intéresse à l'impact budgétaire de l'immigration, avec dans un premier chapitre une évaluation comptable et dans un deuxième chapitre, une évaluation dynamique à l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général. La deuxième partie de la thèse se focalise sur la consommation des immigrés en France. Là encore, on distingue deux chapitres : le premier mesure la contribution des immigrés à la demande finale et le second analyse les comportements de consommation des ménages natifs et immigrés. / The issue of immigration, in host economies, is today at the center of political, economic and social concerns. Immigration is perceived as a problem rather than an opportunity for host countries in general and France in particular. The results of the Transatlantic Trends survey between 2008 and 2013 show that in France, public opinion on immigration has deteriorated significantly. Do you perceive immigration as a problem rather than an opportunity? 50% of French respondents answered yes in 2013. This percentage was only 39% in 2008. At the same time, demographic projections show a population ageing and immigration could be a solution to this problem. The thesis aims to analyze, in this context of population ageing, the economic effects of immigration by focusing on its impact on public finances and consumption in France. It contributes to the literature on costs and benefits of immigration in the host countries. It helps to shed light on the economic consequences of a political decision on immigration, by testing the effects of changes in migration policies on public finances or the effects of rising income on the consumption of native and immigrant households in France. The thesis focuses on two main parts: the first focuses on the fiscal impact of immigration, with a first chapter on accounting evaluation and a second chapter on dynamic evaluation using a general equilibrium model. The second part of the thesis focuses on the consumption of immigrants in France. Again, there are two chapters: the first measures the contribution of immigrants to final demand and the second analyzes the consumption behavior of native and immigrant households in France.

Orientador: Rosana Aparecida Baeninger / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T17:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Peres_RobertaGuimaraes_M.pdf: 590126 bytes, checksum: 66902192cd3895a9929317d0a36ef8c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Não informado. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Demografia

This study aims to highlight Swedish citizens with foreign backgrounds which have experienced discrimination and racialization in global travel.  The study analyzed whether Swedes with a foreign background may experience some of the Western World travel privileges when travelling abroad. It also analyzes the differences in international travel between Swedish tourists without a foreign background and Swedish tourists with a foreign background. The study starts from a postcolonial perspective. The methodology used in the study is a qualitative study, in which seven Swedes with foreign backgrounds were interviewed for the collection of material analyzed from a discourse analytical perspective. The result shows that Swedes with a foreign background see themselves as privileged in global travel. Through the Swedish passport, they have had the opportunity to travel. However, they have found their freedom restricted to a certain extent. Several of the respondents have repeatedly been discriminated in their travels, which they believe is based on their origin. This type of discrimination is based on post-colonialism, where we and them, black and white, are seen as each other contrasts which create upper and lower orders. / Denna studie belyser svenskar med utländsk bakgrund och deras upplevelse av diskriminering och rasifiering i det globala resandet. Studien analyserar huruvida svenskar med utländsk bakgrund får ta del av de västländska reseprivilegierna. Vidare analyseras skillnaden i det internationella resandet mellan svenska turister utan utländsk bakgrund och svenska turister med utländsk bakgrund. Studien utgår från ett postkolonialt perspektiv och metoden som används i undersökningen är en kvalitativ undersökning, där sju svenskar med utländsk bakgrund intervjuas för insamling av material som analyseras ur ett diskursanalytiskt perspektiv.  Resultatet visar att svenskar med utländsk bakgrund ser sig själva som privilegierade i det globala resandet. De har genom det svenska passet möjlighet att resa dock begränsas deras frihet till viss del. Flera av respondenterna blir upprepade gånger diskriminerade i sitt resande, vilket den subjektiva upplevelsen hos respondenterna är att det grundar sig i deras ursprung. Denna typ av diskriminering grundar sig i postkolonialism, där vi och dem, svart och vit, ses som varandras kontraster som skapar över- och underordningar.