This paper presents part of a study of moral development conducted in a public early education school in Brasília, Brazil. A sociocultural constructivist perspective was employed to analyze the ideas of nine educators about the role of interpersonal conflict in moral development. Educators provided information about the pedagogical strategies they use to intervene in conflicts. Results show the dominance of a negative view of the conflict and the need for changes in this perspective due to the role that interpersonal conflicts play in building moral values and social skills that enable a harmonious and democratic coexistence. / Este artículo presenta parte de un estudio sobre desarrollo moral realizado en una institución pública de Educación Infantil de Brasilia desde la perspectiva sociocultural constructivista, en el que fueron analizadas las concepciones de nueve educadores sobre el papel de los conflictos interpersonales en el desarrollo moral, a través de su elaboración discursiva y de las estrategias pedagógicas usadas para intervenir en situaciones de conflicto. Los resultados mostraron el predominio de una visión negativa del conflicto por parte de los educadores, así como la necesidad de cambios en esa visión en función de la importancia de los conflictos interpersonales para la construcción de valores morales y de habilidades sociales que permitan la convivencia armónica y democrática. / O presente artigo apresenta parte de um estudo sobre desenvolvimento moral realizado numa instituição pública de Educação Infantil de Brasília-DF, Brasil. No estudo, realizado a partir da perspectiva sociocultural construtivista, foram analisadas as concepções de nove educadores sobre o papel dos conflitos interpessoais no desenvolvimento moral, através de sua elaboração discursiva e das estratégias pedagógicas usadas para intervir em situações de conflito. Os resultados mostram o predomínio de uma visão negativa do conflito por parte dos educadores, assim como a necessidade de mudanças nessa visão em função da importância dos conflitos interpessoais para a construção de valores morais e de habilidades sociaisque permitam uma convivência harmônica e democrática.

In my work, I will focus on interpersonal conflict management and ways to prevent them. A description of how to ideally act in conflict situations and achieve the best possible solution to the "right" way.

Объектом исследования явились межличностные конфликты в семейных взаимоотношениях. Предметом исследования стали психологические особенности межличностных конфликтов людей, состоящих в браке. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (70 источников) и 5 приложений, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 110 страница, на которых размещены 9 рисунков и 8 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме межличностных конфликтов людей, состоящих в браке. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию межличностного взаимодействия, специфики межличностных конфликтов в семье, а также консультированию людей, состоящих в браке в ситуациях межличностных конфликтов. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: методике «Анализ семейной тревоги» Э.Г. Эйдемиллера и В.В. Юстицкиса, шкале самоуважения М. Розенберга, опроснику «Характер взаимодействия супругов в конфликтных ситуациях» Ю. Е. Алешина и Л.Я. Гозмана). Также в главе представлен корреляционный и факторный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was interpersonal conflicts in family relationships. The subject of the study was psychological features of interpersonal conflicts of married people. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, list of literature (70 sources) and 5 appendices, including forms of applied methods. The volume of the master's thesis is 110 pages, on which there are 9 figures and 8 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of issues, sets the goal and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, specifies the methods and empirical basis, as well as the stages of the study, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of interpersonal conflicts of married people. Sections devoted to the study of interpersonal interaction, specifics of interpersonal conflicts in the family, as well as counseling of married people in situations of interpersonal conflicts are presented. The conclusions of the first chapter represent the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the research and the results obtained by all the methods used: the methodology “Family Anxiety Analysis” by E. G. Eidemiller and V. V. Justickis, the self-esteem scale by M. Rosenberg, the questionnaire “The nature of interaction between spouses in conflict situations” by Yu. Yustitskis, M. Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Y.E. Aleshin and L.Y. Gozman's questionnaire “The nature of interaction between spouses in conflict situations”). The chapter also presents correlation and factor analysis of the research results. The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. The conclusion summarizes the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses, substantiates the practical significance of the study and describes the possible prospects for further development of this issue.

Le but de cette recherche est d’obtenir une meilleure compréhension de l’incidence des symptômes reliés au trouble bipolaire sur l’efficacité personnelle et collective dans un contexte d’équipe pour améliorer l’intégration des employés avec ce trouble en milieu de travail. Les données utilisées sont de type primaire. Elles ont été recueillies auprès de 483 participants à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Des analyses structurelles ont ensuite permis de mettre à l’épreuve les cinq hypothèses proposées. Les résultats obtenus illustrent que l’impact des symptômes bipolaires sur le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle et collective serait à la fois indirect et direct. Effectivement, la présence de symptômes bipolaires est susceptible d’augmenter les risques de vivre des conflits interpersonnels et de percevoir de la stigmatisation au travail. La présence de ces deux stresseurs sociaux peut influencer négativement le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle et collective de l’individu. La présence de symptômes bipolaires semble influencer négativement le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle et collective. La contribution empirique de ce mémoire est de mettre en lumière la corrélation entre les symptômes du trouble bipolaire et l’augmentation des conflits interpersonnels et de la stigmatisation internalisée en milieu professionnel. De plus, ce mémoire met en évidence l’impact négatif que peut avoir l’augmentation des conflits et de la stigmatisation internalisée sur l’efficacité personnelle et collective. Sur le plan pratique, ces conclusions fournissent des bases solides pour orienter les politiques et les pratiques en milieu professionnel. Elles suggèrent la nécessité de développer des environnements de travail plus sensibles et inclusifs pour les individus affectés par le trouble bipolaire. Ces résultats incitent également à la mise en place de mesures visant à réduire les conflits interpersonnels et à atténuer la stigmatisation pour promouvoir un meilleur fonctionnement au sein des équipes. / The goal of this research is to obtain a better understanding of the impact of symptoms related to bipolar disorder on personal and collective effectiveness in a team context to improve the integration of employees with this disorder in the workplace. The data used is of primary type. They were collected from 483 participants using a questionnaire. Primary and structural analyzes then made it possible to test the five proposed hypotheses. The results obtained illustrate that the impact of bipolar symptoms on the feeling of personal and collective efficacy is both indirect and direct. Indeed, the presence of bipolar symptoms seems to increase the risks of experiencing interpersonal conflicts and perceiving stigma at work. The presence of bipolar symptoms seems to also influence the feeling of personal and collective efficacy negatively. The empirical contribution of this thesis is to highlight the correlation between bipolar disorder symptoms and the increase in interpersonal conflicts and perceived stigmatization in the professional environment. Furthermore, this thesis demonstrates the negative impact that heightened conflicts and perceived stigmatization can have on personal and collective effectiveness. Practically speaking, these findings provide a solid foundation for guiding policies and practices in the professional sphere. They suggest the necessity of developing more sensitive and inclusive work environments for individuals affected by bipolar disorder. Moreover, these results advocate for implementing measures aimed at reducing interpersonal conflicts and mitigating stigmatization to promote better team functioning.

Bakgrund och problemformulering: I hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationer är konflikter oundvikliga, ständigt förekommande och en naturlig del av arbetsplatsen. Ökad ohälsa i form av arbetsrelaterade sjukdomar och stress kan härledas till konflikter på arbetsplatsen. Trots det upplever många chefer ett obehag och svårigheter med hur konflikter ska hanteras. Syfte: Sammanställa aktuell forskning och få en samlad bild av olika konflikthanteringsstrategier med relevans för hälso- och sjukvårdsadministration under åren 2010-2021. Detta för att bidra till en hållbar hantering av mellanmänskliga konflikter inom hälso- och sjukvård för att främja en hälsofrämjande arbetsmiljö. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Analysen utfördes genom att syntetisera och sammanställa innehållet i tolv vetenskapliga primärstudier med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Resultat: Studiens resultat indikerar att det finns ett orsakssamband mellan demografiska faktorer och val av konflikthanteringsstrategi. Vidare visar resultatet på att det finns en medvetenhet hos chefer om att en kompromissande, integrerande och aktiv konflikthantering huvudsakligen är det mest effektiva, men vissa studier indikerar att undvikande och dominerade strategier är förekommande. Resultatet visar även att chefer använder sig utav flera olika konflikthanteringsstrategier. Diskussion: Vi anser att konflikthantering bör vara ett prioriterat område för chefer som arbetar i verksamheter inom vård och omsorg för de tydligt positiva effekterna en effektiv konflikthantering har på hälsa för anställda, ökad effektivitet och vårdkvalitet. Samtidigt saknas det studier baserat på svensk kontext, orsakssamband och val av konflikthanteringsstrategier samt koppling till arbetsmiljö. Därför anser vi det nödvändigt med ytterligare forskning för att nå och möjliggöra ett hållbart och hälsofrämjande ledarskap. / Background: In health care organizations, conflicts are inevitable, constantly occurring and a natural part of the workplace. Decreased health in the form of occupational illnesses and stress can be attributed to unhandled workplace conflicts. Despite this, many nurse managers experience discomfort and difficulties with how conflicts should be handled. Aim: This study aimed to compile current research and present an overall picture of different conflict management strategies relevant to health care administration during the years 2010-2021. This is to contribute to the sustainable management of interpersonal conflicts in health care in order to promote a health-promoting work environment. Method: Systematic literature study with a qualitative approach. The analysis was performed by synthesizing and compiling twelve primary scientific studies with both a qualitative and quantitative approach. Results: Our result indicates a causal relationship between demographic factors and the choice of conflict management strategy. Furthermore, the results show that there is an awareness among managers that compromising, integrative and active conflict management generally is the most effective, but some studies indicate that avoidant and dominated strategies is prevalent. The results also show that managers use several different conflict management strategies. Conclusion/Discussion: Effective conflict management positively affects occupational health, organizational efficiency, and the quality of care. Therefore, we believe that conflict management should be a priority area for managers and management training in healthcare. There is a lack of studies based on the Swedish context, causation and choice of conflict management strategies, and connection to occupational health. Further research is needed to achieve and enable sustainable and health-promoting leadership.

This study explores the world of human conflict in the workplace, the workplace (in this case) being a South African university. Using the academic tools of ethnography and autoethnography, I investigate the dimensions of human conflict management, which include intrapersonal, interpersonal and intra-group conflict management, from a psychological perspective. In this thesis I refer, in particular, to examples and extractions taken from case studies that focus on conflicts between employees. In doing so I used an eclectic, psychodynamic theoretical frame of reference. The data was collected and processed over a period of fourteen years. Another focus of this thesis is my reflections on my personal development as a counselling psychologist specialising in intrapersonal, interpersonal and intra-group conflict management within an institutional organisation. The participants‟ stories revealed intense emotional experiences and I have put forward suggestions on how these experiences could be explored and dealt with by means of psychologically orientated techniques and interventions within the boundaries of the ethical codes and values of counselling psychology. My eclectic choice of brief psychotherapy, strengths-based counselling, and psychodynamic-based intrapersonal, interpersonal and intra-group interventions are included in my personal narrative. This study serves only as a guideline to other counselling psychologists who deal with human conflicts in similar situations. I have not tried to present a generalised theory. In this study, I argue strongly that there is indeed a place for counselling psychologists and the application of psychological knowledge in the world of human resources departments in organisations. I believe that counselling psychologists can operate, alternatively, as individual counselling psychologists, workshop facilitators and co-facilitators, as consultants, and as members of multidisciplinary teams to address, among other, conflict management in a tertiary institution. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

This study explores the world of human conflict in the workplace, the workplace (in this case) being a South African university. Using the academic tools of ethnography and autoethnography, I investigate the dimensions of human conflict management, which include intrapersonal, interpersonal and intra-group conflict management, from a psychological perspective. In this thesis I refer, in particular, to examples and extractions taken from case studies that focus on conflicts between employees. In doing so I used an eclectic, psychodynamic theoretical frame of reference. The data was collected and processed over a period of fourteen years. Another focus of this thesis is my reflections on my personal development as a counselling psychologist specialising in intrapersonal, interpersonal and intra-group conflict management within an institutional organisation. The participants‟ stories revealed intense emotional experiences and I have put forward suggestions on how these experiences could be explored and dealt with by means of psychologically orientated techniques and interventions within the boundaries of the ethical codes and values of counselling psychology. My eclectic choice of brief psychotherapy, strengths-based counselling, and psychodynamic-based intrapersonal, interpersonal and intra-group interventions are included in my personal narrative. This study serves only as a guideline to other counselling psychologists who deal with human conflicts in similar situations. I have not tried to present a generalised theory. In this study, I argue strongly that there is indeed a place for counselling psychologists and the application of psychological knowledge in the world of human resources departments in organisations. I believe that counselling psychologists can operate, alternatively, as individual counselling psychologists, workshop facilitators and co-facilitators, as consultants, and as members of multidisciplinary teams to address, among other, conflict management in a tertiary institution. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)