Design and analysis of random-like codes for various multiple-input and multiple-output communication systems are addressed in this work. Random-like codes have drawn significant interest because they offer capacity-achieving performance. We first consider the analysis and design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for turbo multiuser detection in multipath CDMA channels. We develop techniques for computing the probability density function (pdf) of the extrinsic messages at the output of the soft-input soft-output (SISO) multiuser detectors as a function of the pdf of input extrinsic messages, user spreading codes, channel impulse responses, and signal-to-noise ratios. Using these techniques, we are able to accurately compute the thresholds for LDPC codes and design good irregular LDPC codes. We then apply the tools of density evolution with mixture Gaussian approximations to optimize irregular LDPC codes and to compute minimum operational signal-to-noise ratios for ergodic MIMO OFDM channels. In particular, the optimization is done for various MIMO OFDM system configurations which include different number of antennas, different channel models and different demodulation schemes. We also study the coding-spreading tradeoff in LDPC coded CDMA systems employing multiuser joint decoding. We solve the coding-spreading optimization based on the extrinsic information SNR evolution curves for the SISO multiuser detectors and the SISO LDPC decoders. Both single-cell and multi-cell scenarios will be considered. For each of these cases, we will characterize the extrinsic information for both finite-size systems and the so-called large systems where asymptotic performance results must be evoked. Finally, we consider the design optimization of irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) codes for MIMO communication systems employing iterative receivers. We present the density evolution-based procedure with Gaussian approximation for optimizing the IRA code ensemble. We adopt an approximation method based on linear programming to design an IRA code with the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart matched to that of the soft MIMO demodulator.

Design and analysis of random-like codes for various multiple-input and multiple-output communication systems are addressed in this work. Random-like codes have drawn significant interest because they offer capacity-achieving performance. We first consider the analysis and design of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for turbo multiuser detection in multipath CDMA channels. We develop techniques for computing the probability density function (pdf) of the extrinsic messages at the output of the soft-input soft-output (SISO) multiuser detectors as a function of the pdf of input extrinsic messages, user spreading codes, channel impulse responses, and signal-to-noise ratios. Using these techniques, we are able to accurately compute the thresholds for LDPC codes and design good irregular LDPC codes. We then apply the tools of density evolution with mixture Gaussian approximations to optimize irregular LDPC codes and to compute minimum operational signal-to-noise ratios for ergodic MIMO OFDM channels. In particular, the optimization is done for various MIMO OFDM system configurations which include different number of antennas, different channel models and different demodulation schemes. We also study the coding-spreading tradeoff in LDPC coded CDMA systems employing multiuser joint decoding. We solve the coding-spreading optimization based on the extrinsic information SNR evolution curves for the SISO multiuser detectors and the SISO LDPC decoders. Both single-cell and multi-cell scenarios will be considered. For each of these cases, we will characterize the extrinsic information for both finite-size systems and the so-called large systems where asymptotic performance results must be evoked. Finally, we consider the design optimization of irregular repeat accumulate (IRA) codes for MIMO communication systems employing iterative receivers. We present the density evolution-based procedure with Gaussian approximation for optimizing the IRA code ensemble. We adopt an approximation method based on linear programming to design an IRA code with the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart matched to that of the soft MIMO demodulator.

<p>Abstract</p><p>This study has two aims:</p><p>[X] to create an analytical framework consisting of factors that might trigger terrorism</p><p>[X] to apply the analytical framework on the case of IRA, in order to be able to examine</p><p>which factors that exist behind the appearance of terrorism in the current case</p><p>To reach the first aim the author has studied the theoretical discourse on the complexed issue</p><p>of terrorism. This has constituted the point of departure for the creation of an own analytical</p><p>framework. The purpose of the framework is to bring clearness to why terrorism appears. The</p><p>analytical framework is not only suited for application on the case of IRA, but for application</p><p>on terrorismcases in general. To reach the second aim the framework was applied on the case</p><p>of IRA.</p><p>The aims of this study have been fulfilled through the method of qualitative text analysis. The</p><p>research method has been applied on the theoretical discourse on terrorism as well as on the</p><p>empirical texts that deal with the conflict in Northern Ireland and the NorthernIrish society in</p><p>general.</p><p>The results of the study suggest that factors triggering terrorism Favourable surroundings,</p><p>Resources, Possibility to recruit members, Protracted armed conflict, Occupation, Strive for</p><p>autonomy, Diplomatic deadlock, Poverty, and Specific events, or actions from the opponent</p><p>all exist in the case at hand. The author would particularly like to highlight the importance of</p><p>the Diplomatic deadlock and Poverty as terrorismtriggering factors.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 scarin_accf_dr_mar.pdf: 2178185 bytes, checksum: 2b5033f8639e1a8b0e5cbd5363597249 (MD5) / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender qual o papel da raiva na constituição da noção de respeito pela criança. Tomando por base resultados obtidos em um primeiro trabalho, O desenvolvimento da noção de respeito pela criança da Educação Infantil, o qual também teve como foco a questão da constituição do respeito e sua relação com experiências de amor e medo vividas por quem está aprendendo a respeitar. Compreendendo, a partir deste primeiro trabalho, a vigência desta questão, buscamos aprofundar o compreendido acerca desta constituição enquanto processo, a qual envolve, além das experiências citadas, notadamente a raiva. A partir de descobertas realizadas por Jean Piaget no campo da moral, pesquisamos junto às crianças acerca do que assinalaria o aparecimento deste fenômeno, ou seja, a raiva na constituição do respeito. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma E.M. de São José do Rio Preto/SP, utilizando como instrumento de coleta de dados a Entrevista Clínica Piagetiana, realizada com 19 crianças entre quatro e seis anos de idade, com o auxílio de uma estória narrada e ilustrada, um questionário previamente elaborado, expressões faciais traduzindo seis tipos de emoções, e expressões faciais variando da contrariedade inegável ao mais amplo sorriso de satisfação. O acompanhamento às crianças foi feito durante três anos, e as entrevistas, realizadas três vezes. Como resultados dos dados compilados, ficou claro que as crianças têm noção de que devem respeitar, reconhecem uma ordem, gostam da professora mas têm dificuldade de absorverem o impacto que a raiva da ordem traz consigo. / The present research aims at understanding the role of anger related to the formation of the idea of respect by the child. We made use of the results obtained in our first work: O desenvolvimento da noção de respeito pela criança da Educação Infantil [The development of the idea of respect by nursery school students]. We found out that the development of the idea of respect in the child was associated with experiences of love and fear while they are learning to respect. Taking into consideration this aspect, we decided to refine our study about this process, more precisely, to understand anger whilst a process. Making use of Jean Piaget’s theory of moral judgment, we observed children’s attitudes in order to establish the moment when the anger and the development of respect appeared. The research was carried out in a nursery school in São José do Rio Preto – São Paulo – Brazil, we observed 19 children age 4-6; to collect data, we made use of Clinical Interview derived from Piagetian investigations. We also made use of an illustrated story, a previously prepared questionnaire, facial expressions displaying six kinds of emotions, ranging from strong opposition to wide open smile. We accompanied the children during 3 years, and we interviewed them 3 times. The results show that the children accept the fact that they have to respect the others; they recognize an order, they like the teacher but they have problems to deal with the impact of anger and order. We found out that the experience of anger may or not precede the proper conditions to the development of the notion of respect. The children accept the impact of anger and sediment the acceptance of themselves, opening space to absorb the other as someone to be respected.

The purpose of this article is to focus on unique issues that are encountered in the crosscultural adaptation of measures of emotions. We take into consideration the cross-cultural equivalence of the concept of emotion, and how cultural differences influence the meaning of words that are utilized to describe these concepts. The critical need to take the state-trait distinction into account in adapting measures of emotional states and personality traits is then discussed. The effects of language and culture in adapting measures of the experience, expression, and control of anger in Latin-America are also reviewed. The construction of the Latin American Multicultural State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory is described. / Medición transcultural de las emociones: la expresión de la ira Se presenta un análisis de las dificultades encontradas en el proceso de adaptación transcultural de pruebas de medición de las emociones. Se toma en consideración la equivalencia transcultural del concepto de emoción, y como las diferencias culturales tienen una gran influencia en el significado de las palabras a ser usadas para definir y describir las emociones y su medición. Se discute la importancia y necesidad de considerar el concepto de estado-rasgo en el proceso de adaptación de pruebas psicológicas que evalúan los estados emocionales. Se examina los efectos de la lengua y cultura en la adaptación de pruebas que evalúen la experiencia, expresión y control de la ira en Latinoamérica. Finalmente, se describe la construcción del Inventario Multicultural Latinoamericano de la Expresión de la Ira, Estado-Rasgo.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:56:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 samuel_carlos_wiedemann.pdf: 571769 bytes, checksum: 38f1d1f1777f1fc05369c7ff59696988 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 / This work, Exodus and Misery: a reading of Grapes of Wrath, Vidas Secas and O Quinze , has the objective of analyzing the issues related to the misery and exodus in the books Vidas Secas (1938), by Graciliano Ramos, O Quinze (1930), by Rachel de Queiroz and Grapes of Wrath (1939), by the American writer John Steinbeck, looking for approaches and/or divergences regarding the exodus and the misery in those works; characterizing the nomadism and what it means to the familiar organization; noticing how the consequences of the exodus influence the posture of female, male and infantile characters in the mentioned books. It is also going to be analyzed the characters attitude conformism or reluctance based on their religious conceptions. This research work is divided into three chapters: the first, entitled "Foreigner in his own land: the nomadism in Grapes of Wrath, Vidas Secas and O Quinze , characterize nomadism and verifies its implications to the character histories in the books analyzed. The main works used as the theoretical base are: Du nomadisme, by Michel Maffessoli (2001); The sacred and the profane, by Mircea Eliade (1992); Céu, Inferno: ensaio de crítica literária e ideológica, by Alfredo Bosi (2003); John Steinbeck, by Warren French (1966) and Graciliano Ramos, organized by Sônia Brayner (1977). The second chapter, titled "The Female Condition and Posture in the Chaos of the Exodus", intend to analyze the women position and condition dealing with the adversities motivated by the nomadism situation in the books analyzed, taking as base the theoretical books Sobrados e Mucambos, by Gilberto Freyre (1951), The second sex, by Simone de Beauvoir (1960), The myth of motherhood: An Historical View of the Maternal Instinct, by Elisabeth Badinter (1980) and The Brazilian Family by Antonio Candido (1951). At last, in the third chapter, entitled "The Man, the Exodus and the Religious Sense", has the objective of analyzing three aspects: the male posture in front of the adversity motivated by the exodus and its relationship with its immemorial imago mundi; the religious symbolism in the books analyzed the Brazilian Catholicism and North American Puritan Protestantism , considering how the religious vision implies in a different posture to situations of poverty and misery; a short analysis about the social function and behavior of the child within those books during the exodus. For this analysis, the theoretical basis is formed by the books O Catolicismo Popular e a Igreja: conflitos e interações by Ricardo Luiz de Souza (2008), A Espiritualidade Norte-Americana na perspectiva de Paul Tillich, by Carlos Jeremiah Klein (2004) and the aforementioned works of Eliade (1992), Badinter (1980) and Bosi (2003). / A presente dissertação, Êxodo e Miséria: uma leitura de Vinhas da Ira, Vidas Secas e O Quinze , tem por objetivo analisar as temáticas da miséria e do êxodo nos romances Vidas Secas (1938), de Graciliano Ramos, O Quinze (1930), de Rachel de Queiroz e Vinhas da Ira (1939), do escritor norte-americano John Steinbeck, buscando aproximações e/ou contraposições no que se refere ao êxodo e à miséria nas referidas obras; conceituando o nomadismo e o que isso implica na organização familiar; percebendo as consequências do êxodo na postura das personagens masculinas, femininas e infantis nas obras supracitadas. Também será analisada a atitude das personagens seja de conformismo, seja de relutância a partir das suas concepções religiosas. Esse trabalho de pesquisa está dividido em três capítulos: o primeiro, intitulado Estrangeiro em sua Terra: o nomadismo em Vinhas da Ira, em Vidas Secas e em O Quinze , conceitua nomadismo e verifica as implicações deste na histórica das personagens das obras em análise. Destacamse como base teórica as obras: Sobre o Nomadismo: vagabundagens pós-modernas de Michel Maffessoli (2001); O Sagrado e o Profano, de Mircea Eliade (1992); Céu, Inferno: ensaio de crítica literária e ideológica, de Alfredo Bosi (2003); John Steinbeck, de Warren French (1966) e Graciliano Ramos, organizado pela Sônia Brayner (1977). O segundo capítulo, intitulado A Condição e a Postura Feminina no Caos do Êxodo , tem por objetivo analisar a postura e a condição feminina frente às adversidades advindas da situação de nomadismo nos romances em análise, tomando como base teórica os livros Sobrados e Mucambos, de Gilberto Freyre (1951), O Segundo Sexo, de Simone de Beauvoir (1960), Um Amor Conquistado: o mito do amor materno, de Elisabeth Badinter (1980) e The Brazilian Family de Antonio Candido (1951). Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, intitulado O Homem, o Êxodo e o Sentido Religioso , objetiva-se analisar três aspectos: a postura masculina frente às adversidades resultantes do êxodo e sua relação com a sua imemorial imago mundi; o simbolismo religioso presente nos romances em análise o catolicismo brasileiro e o protestantismo puritano norte-americano , considerando como a visão religiosa implica uma diferente postura frente às situações de pobreza e miséria e uma breve análise sobre o comportamento e sobre a função social da criança dentro desses romances durante o êxodo. Para esta análise, a base teórica é formada pelos livros O Catolicismo Popular e a Igreja: conflitos e interações de Ricardo Luiz de Souza (2008), A Espiritualidade Norte-Americana na perspectiva de Paul Tillich, de Carlos Jeremias Klein (2004) e as obras supracitadas de Eliade (1992), Badinter (1980) e Bosi (2003).

Cette thèse propose une étude de la notion de religio dans le De ira Dei de Lactance, un auteur chrétien du IVe siècle de notre ère. Lactance est très connu pour son étymologie de religio contenue dans ses Diuinae institutiones, mais son utilisation, dans le De ira Dei, n’a jamais soulevé beaucoup d’intérêt. Il s’agit pourtant d’une notion centrale dans ce traité rédigé après que le christianisme soit devenu une religion tolérée par les Romains. De fait, l’analyse rhétorique du texte montre que celui-ci comporte une propositio qui suggère qu’il ne peut y avoir de religio sans crainte de Dieu. L’idée principale défendue par Lactance est que bonté et colère doivent toutes les deux exister en Dieu et que cela constitue le point essentiel de la piété et de la religion. Or, la notion de religion est rarement liée à la crainte divine dans l’Antiquité et on la rencontre plutôt associée à la superstitio chez certains penseurs romains, notamment chez Varron et Cicéron. La pensée de Lactance s’éloigne non seulement des penseurs de la philosophie de la religion romaine, mais également des auteurs chrétiens qui n’ont pas relié ces notions de façon aussi claire. Cette thèse étudie donc, dans un premier temps, l’emploi par les chrétiens des termes religio et superstitio afin d’en dégager quelques caractéristiques. Dans un deuxième temps, cette étude analyse la première partie du De ira Dei consacrée à la religio, à la Providence et à la crainte de Dieu. On remarque dès lors que les thèmes abordés dans le traité s’apparentent à ceux contenus dans les textes du Pseudo-Clément: le jugement divin qui sert à corriger, la Providence divine, la crainte de Dieu, la discussion sur les atomes et la figure d’Épicure qui est utilisée pour représenter ceux qui s’opposent à ce que Dieu ait créé le monde et qu’il le gouverne. Cette étude révèle donc une grande influence des textes du Pseudo-Clément. On remarque des liens entre la pensée exprimée par Simon et Faustinianus dans les Pseudo-Clémentines et les propos attribués à Épicure dans le De ira Dei. Certains chercheurs ont déjà noté que la pensée d’Épicure, telle que représentée dans le traité de Lactance, ne correspond pas toujours exactement à l’enseignement du philosophe du jardin. Lactance s’attaquerait plutôt à des groupes chrétiens, ou à tout le moins proches du christianisme, qui ne peuvent concilier l’idée d’un Dieu bon et d’un Dieu qui se met en colère. Ces groupes ont tendance à rejeter l’idée de l’action de Dieu dans le monde, la Providence divine et ont une vue très pessimiste de l’homme. L’analyse des arguments montre que les adversaires de cet ouvrage partagent des traits avec Arnobe et un autre auteur qui est réfuté par Augustin dans son Contra aduersarium legis et prophetarum. Tandis que les Pseudo-Clémentines se servent de la figure de Simon pour s’attaquer aux marcionites ou aux disciples d’Apelle, le De ira Dei se sert de la figure d’Épicure pour s’en prendre à des groupes du « Neu-Marcionitismus » comme les nommait A. von Harnack. La discussion sur la religion dans le De ira Dei vise donc à indiquer à ces groupes qu’ils ne peuvent prendre part à la religio s’ils ne conçoivent pas que le Dieu unique, qui a créé le monde et le gouverne, puisse éprouver bonté et colère. / This thesis proposes a study of the concept religio in the De ira Dei of Lactantius, a Christian writer of the fourth century AD. Lactantius is well known for its etymology of religio found in its Diuinae institutiones, but the notion of religio, as found in the De ira Dei, never raised much interest. Yet, it is a central notion in this treatise written after Christianity became a religion tolerated in the Roman Empire. Indeed, the rhetoric analysis of the text shows the following propositio: there can’t be any religion where there is no fear of God. The main idea defended by Lactantius is that kindness and anger must both exist in God and that this is the essential point of piety and religion. But the concept of religion is rarely linked to fear God in Antiquity and fear is rather associated with superstitio in Latin literature, especially in Varro and Cicero. The thought of Lactance is remote not only to Roman thinkers of philosophy of religion, but also Christian authors who have not linked these concepts as clearly. Firstly, this thesis examines the use by Christian of religio and superstitio in order to identify some characteristics. Secondly, this study analyzes the first part of the De ira Dei devoted to the notion of religio, to the fear of God and to Providence. The topics covered in the treaty are similar to those contained in the pseudo-clementine texts: divine judgment used to correct rather than to avenge, Divine Providence, the fear of God, discussion about atoms and the particular use of Epicurus as a the archetype of those who refuse to admit that God created the world and governs it. A strong link can be found between the thought expressed by Simon and Faustinianus in the Pseudo-Clementines and statements attributed to Epicurus in the De ira Dei. Some researchers have noted that the thought of Epicurus, as depicted in the Treaty of Lactantius, not always reflect exactly the thought of the philosopher of the garden. The refutation of Lactantius would be directed at a Christian group, or one close to Christianty, rather than directed at the epicurean philosophy. This particular group could not reconcile the idea of a good God and a God who is angry. These groups tend to reject the idea of God’s action in the world, therefore the Divine Providence, and have a very pessimistic view of man. The analysis of the arguments shows that the opponents of this book share traits with Arnobius and another author who is refuted by Augustine in his Contra aduersarium legis and prophetarum. While the Pseudo-Clementines are using the figure of Simon to tackle Marcionites or the disciples of Apelles, the De ira Dei uses the Epicurus to attack a group of “Neu- Marcionitismus” as A. von Harnack called them. Therefore, the aim of the discussion on religion in the De ira Dei is to inform these groups that they can’t be part of the religio if they do not conceive that there is only one God who created the world, governs it and who can feel kindness as well as anger.

In this thesis, I demonstrate how analysis through literary criticism can provide a commentary on Appalachian song. While literary analysis of both sacred and secular song lyrics is an approach that is largely overlooked in this region’s traditional music, it nonetheless provides insightful perspective on the art form itself. As I argue, one particular duo of Appalachian musicians, the Louvin Brothers, are uniquely suited to this inquiry. I propose that themes that are found in many of the Louvin Brothers’ songs, such as love, acceptance, and rejection, create a bridge between the historically documented theoretical gap between bluegrass and country music’s sacred and secular songs. I document how the Louvins successfully navigated these traditionally separate subgenres using these common subjects while offering a commentary on musical history, their own upbringing, and religion.

Existe una exigencia social y personal en los profesionales de psicología frente a la regulación de la afectividad, más aún cuando se trata del manejo de episodios displacenteros en la vida cotidiana; por eso esta investigación buscó determinar los niveles de estrategias de regulación afectiva en episodios de tristeza e ira, identificarlos según emoción, sexo, período de formación de estudios y describir el contexto de relaciones interpersonales que intervino en tal modulación así como los aspectos sociodemográficos en 184 estudiantes de psicología de una universidad particular de Chiclayo, durante septiembre a diciembre del 2017. El diseño y tipo de investigación fue no experimental y descriptivo. Se utilizó el cuestionario: Medida de estilos de regulación afectiva MARS, ampliada en episodios de tristeza e ira; el cual ha sido validado en una muestra de 40 estudiantes para el estudio, obteniendo una validez al 0.05 de significancia y un índice de confiabilidad de 0.93. En relación a los niveles de estrategias de regulación afectiva, se obtuvieron mayores frecuencias en nivel alto para las estrategias de distracción y rumiación, mientras que en un nivel bajo se encuentran las estrategias de expresión emocional regulada y regulación fisiológica. Además, no se han registrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación al sexo, emoción y período de formación de estudios de los participantes; sin embargo hay evidencia para afirmar que los mismos utilizan más estrategias adaptativas que desadaptativas en general. También se obtuvo que la familia es el principal contexto de relaciones que modula las emociones de ira y tristeza en los jóvenes.

With this thesis, I will utilize both feminist and queer theory to highlight the gendered and bodily tactics used by the women of the 1970s/1980s Provisional Irish Republican Army. I will explore how women can both manipulate gender and use their bodies as a response to gender, ethnic, class, and colonial power relations and conflict discourses, the limitations of these approaches, and how these actions can work to reconfigure political movements, local cultures, and create a space for social change and a future beyond conflict which includes women. My methods will include a feminist content analysis of interviews, written records, narrative/visual texts, material culture, and social interactions. These narratives will relate to the Irish Troubles, violence, nationalism, colonialism, militarization, and subjectivity, with a focus on gender. Following a theoretical approach, I first will provide an historical perspective on the Irish Troubles. I then will discuss those women who joined the ranks of the Provisionals, the discourses surrounding their political action, as well as their manipulation of gender constructions. I also will provide the reader with an historical examination of feminine national images such as Mother-Ireland to which many women found themselves accountable. I also will examine the effects of surveillance and gendered punishment on Republican women, particularly when imprisoned and under the guard of British men and women, as well as the agency asserted by these Republican women. Lastly, I discuss the ways in which constructions of conflict and peace become inscribed with notions of gender, as well as value of Republican women's lives and actions in the development of viable feminist theories, practices, and movements.