Based on thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Ulster, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [256]-264) and index.

Svensk doktrin framhåller sex grundläggande förmågor för analys av motståndaren. Dessa är ledning, uthållighet, und/info, rörlighet, verkan och skydd. Förmågorna är en tankemodell avsedd för att nå maximal effekt i sitt agerande. De är ständigt närvarande på stridsfältet, de påverkas av varandra och deras betydelse varierar över tid. Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa IRA utveckling mellan 1968-1974 utifrån de sex grundläggande förmågorna. Resultatet visar att IRA utveckling under tiden för studien främst skedde inom förmågan verkan, andra förmågor som ledning och und/info tog längre tid att utveckla. En orsak till detta kan vara att studien omfattar inledningen av konflikten och IRA utveckling mot att bli en icke-statlig väpnad aktör. / The Swedish military doctrine stresses six basic capabilities for analysing the opponent. These six capabilities are defined as command, endurance, intelligence and information, mobility, effect and defence. It is a given model designed to gain maximum effect through action and the capabilities are always present in the battlefield. They affect one another and their importance varies over time. The aim of this essay is to highlight the IRA progress during 1968-74 from the capability perspective. The study shows a significant increase in IRA’s ability to use arms and in the area of bomb strategy development. The progress concerning the other five capabilities’ turned out to be of lesser significance. A reason for this could be that the study focuses on the very beginning of the troubles and the IRA’s growth into becoming a non-state armed actor.

O nosso trabalho consiste na tradução e no estudo do De Ira do filósofo estoico e político romano Lucio Anêu Sêneca. A obra é endereçada ao seu irmão Novato que, supostamente, o indaga como conter essa paixão. Assim, nos 3 livros, o filósofo apresenta a gênese dessa paixão e os males causados por ela para, por fim, apresentar meios para extirpa-la da alma. A defesa dos ensinamentos do Estoicismo ecoa explicitamente nos diversos exemplos dados pelo filósofo quando contraposta com as demais escolas filosóficas da época. Assim, a ira é tratada como a paixão mais danosa dentre todas as paixões do homem. / Our dissertation consists in the translation and study of De Ira from the Stoic philosopher and Roman politician Lucious Annaeus Seneca. The book is addressed to his brother Novato who supposedly inquires him how to restrain this passion. Thus, in three books, the philosopher presents the genesis of that passion and the evils caused by it to finally introduce ways to extirpate it from the soul. The defense of the Stoicism\'s teachings explicitly echoes in several examples given by the philosopher when contrasted with other philosophical schools of the time. So wrath is treated as the most damaging passion among all human passions.

A irritabilidade é um sintoma frequente tanto em transtornos externalizantes quanto internalizantes. Pode ser definida como propensão à raiva em relação aos pares manifestando-se através de humor irritável e/ou ataques de raiva. Embora humor irritável e ataques de raiva ocorram muitas vezes de forma simultânea, trata-se de uma questão empírica investigar se humor e comportamento irritável são parte de um construto único ou se constituem-se em componentes distintos. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a diferença dos construtos humor e comportamento disruptivo em adultos em uma amostra de pacientes com transtornos mentais graves. A análise dos dados foi realizada através de análise fatorial confirmatória e de validações externas com outros instrumentos clínicos. Além disso foi nosso objetivo avaliar a prevalência das principais síndromes disruptivas no adulto: o Transtorno Explosivo Intermitente (TEI), o Transtorno Opositor Desafiante (TOD) e o Transtorno da Desregulação Disruptiva do Humor (TDDH). A coleta de dados foi realizada nos ambulatórios de esquizofrenia, transtorno bipolar, depressão e ansiedade do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre totalizando 246 pacientes (idade média 45 anos, 63% do sexo feminino). Sintomas de comportamento e humor disruptivos foram frequentes na amostra, embora o diagnóstico DSM-5 das síndromes disruptivas apresentaram prevalência baixa (TEI, 8%, TOD, 2% TDDH, 2%). O modelo unidimensional, que envolve os fatores humor e comportamento como um construto único não apresentou bons índices de ajuste na amostra. Os modelos que apresentaram índices de ajuste adequados foram os modelos correlacionado (com as dimensões humor e comportamento) e o modelo bifatorial com uma dimensão geral de irritabilidade e duas específicas (humor e comportamento). A avaliação psicométrica demonstrou que os sintomas de humor já estão presentes em casos mais leves de irritabilidade, enquanto que os sintomas de comportamento aparentam indicar níveis de irritabilidade mais elevados. Análises com os validadores externos demonstraram que o humor irritável mesmo após retirar o componente comum entre humor e comportamento esteve especificamente associado com prejuízo e com medidas clínicas de depressão e mania, o que não aconteceu com o componente comportamento. Este estudo fornece suporte para estudar os componentes comuns e específicos do humor e comportamento irritado no adulto, sendo evidência inédita de validade para o construto de humor disruptivo no adulto. / Irritability is a common symptom in both externalizing and internalizing disorders. It can be defined as a propensity to anger toward peers manifested through irritable mood and/or anger attacks. Although irritable mood and anger attacks often occur simultaneously, it is and empirical question to investigate whether mood and irritable behavior are part of a single construct or if they constitute distinct components. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference of mood and disruptive behavior constructs in adults in a sample of patients with severe mental disorders. Data analysis was performed through confirmatory factor analysis and external validations with clinical instruments. In addition, it was our objective to evaluate the prevalence of the main disruptive syndromes in adults: Intermittent Explosive Disorders (IED), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). Data collection was performed at the outpatient units of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, totalizing 246 patients (mean age 45 years old, 63% female). Symptoms of disruptive mood and behavior were frequent in the sample, although the DMS 5 diagnosis of disruptive syndromes presented low prevalence (IED, 8%, ODD, 2%, DMDD, 2%). The unidimensional model encompassing mood and behavior factors as a single construct, did not provide a good fit to our data. The models who presented proper fit indexes were the correlated model (with mood and behavior dimensions) and the bifactor model with a general irritability dimension and two specific ones (mood and behavior). Psychometric evaluation has shown that mood symptoms are present in milder cases of irritability, while behavioral symptoms are present in higher levels of irritability. External validators analysis demonstrated that irritable mood even after removing the common component between mood and behavior was specifically associated with impairment and with clinical measures of depression and mania, which did not happen with the behavior component. This study provides support for studying the common and specific components of irritable mood and behavior in adults, being unprecedented evidence of validity for the adult disruptive mood construct.

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Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been intensively studied in the past decade for their capacity-approaching performance. LDPC code implementation complexity and the error-rate floor are still two significant unsolved issues which prevent their application in some important communication systems. In this dissertation, we make efforts toward solving these two problems by introducing the design of a class of LDPC codes called structured irregular repeat-accumulate (S-IRA) codes. These S-IRA codes combine several advantages of other types of LDPC codes, including low encoder and decoder complexities, flexibility in design, and good performance on different channels. It is also demonstrated in this dissertation that the S-IRA codes are suitable for rate-compatible code family design and a multi-rate code family has been designed which may be implemented with a single encoder/decoder.The study of the error floor problem of LDPC codes is very difficult because simulating LDPC codes on a computer at very low error rates takes an unacceptably long time. To circumvent this difficulty, we implemented a universal quasi-cyclic LDPC decoder on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform. This hardware platform accelerates the simulations by more than 100 times as compared to software simulations. We implemented two types of decoders with partially parallel architectures on the FPGA: a circulant-based decoder and a protograph-based decoder. By focusing on the protograph-based decoder, different soft iterative decoding algorithms were implemented. It provides us with a platform for quickly evaluating and analyzing different quasi-cyclic LDPC codes, including the S-IRA codes. A universal decoder architecture is also proposed which is capable of decoding of an arbitrary LDPC code, quasi-cyclic or not. Finally, we studied the low-floor problem by focusing on one example S-IRA code. We identified the weaknesses of the code and proposed several techniques to lower the error floor. We successfully demonstrated in hardware that it is possible to lower the floor substantially by encoder and decoder modifications, but the best solution appeared to be an outer BCH code.

The Swedish Armed Forces tend to ask themselves if it is sufficiently multinational interoperablefor participation in international operations. An equally valid question today should be whether theSwedish Armed Forces are sufficiently nationally / internally interoperable, between their branchesof service, to be able to conduct independent operations based on the joint warfare theory.The lack of ability to joint warfare in the armed forces in general and the Swedish Armed Forcesspecially constitutes the essay´s fundamental problem. By using Codners and Sjöbloms custominteroperability theory, the Swedish Armed Forces documents were analyzed to highlight anyweaknesses related to joint warfare and national interoperability between Ground and Air Forces.The survey shows weaknesses linked to the custom theory and Swedish Armed Forces governingdocuments. The ability of a national interoperability is limited between Ground and Air Forcestoday, mostly because of weaknesses in the Swedish Armed Forces strategic concept which doesnot describe the importance of joint warfare at all levels sufficiently. This leads to deficienciesreflected in doctrines, regulations, technology, techniques and exercises. Lack of common documents,techniques, methods and exercises in turn affects armed services understanding of theirdifferent backgrounds and unique perspectives. The result will therefore be low national interoperabilityamong the armed services.

Existe una exigencia social y personal en los profesionales de psicología frente a la regulación de la afectividad, más aún cuando se trata del manejo de episodios displacenteros en la vida cotidiana; por eso esta investigación buscó determinar los niveles de estrategias de regulación afectiva en episodios de tristeza e ira, identificarlos según emoción, sexo, período de formación de estudios y describir el contexto de relaciones interpersonales que intervino en tal modulación así como los aspectos sociodemográficos en 184 estudiantes de psicología de una universidad particular de Chiclayo, durante septiembre a diciembre del 2017. El diseño y tipo de investigación fue no experimental y descriptivo. Se utilizó el cuestionario: Medida de estilos de regulación afectiva MARS, ampliada en episodios de tristeza e ira; el cual ha sido validado en una muestra de 40 estudiantes para el estudio, obteniendo una validez al 0.05 de significancia y un índice de confiabilidad de 0.93. En relación a los niveles de estrategias de regulación afectiva, se obtuvieron mayores frecuencias en nivel alto para las estrategias de distracción y rumiación, mientras que en un nivel bajo se encuentran las estrategias de expresión emocional regulada y regulación fisiológica. Además, no se han registrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación al sexo, emoción y período de formación de estudios de los participantes; sin embargo hay evidencia para afirmar que los mismos utilizan más estrategias adaptativas que desadaptativas en general. También se obtuvo que la familia es el principal contexto de relaciones que modula las emociones de ira y tristeza en los jóvenes. / Tesis