A indústria de tecnologia da informação (TI) tem disponibilizado equipamentos e programas de computador cada vez mais acessíveis ao consumidor final, o que permite que funcionários, em busca de melhor desempenho pessoal, apliquem seus próprios recursos, como tablets e contas de e-mails pessoais, para a atividade profissional, impactando na forma como a Governança de TI trata o assunto. A procura por praticidade e oportunidades em um ambiente que favorece a mudanças, características de atividades intraempreendedoras, intervém na tomada de decisão e colabora para o processo de consumerização de TI. Com a disponibilidade de novas tecnologias e a crença vigente na tendência de uma nova moda, cria-se um cenário propício para que essas novidades sejam utilizadas nas organizações, aproveitando-se das facilidades de virtualização, do conhecimento e da adaptabilidade do usuário com a tecnologia. O funcionário espera, com isso, melhorar a sua eficiência e produtividade por meio da variedade de possibilidades e entregar resultados com melhor qualidade de informação. Como os recursos pessoais de informática não fazem parte do portfólio de TI da organização, hipotetiza-se que isso possa afetar negativamente a Governança de TI. O objetivo dessa tese é analisar o uso de recursos pessoais de informática no desempenho individual e na governança de TI a partir das abordagens do intraempreendedorismo e da TI Fashion. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa com técnicas qualitativas e quantitativas. Identificaram-se os recursos pessoais de informática usados pelos funcionários e os principais elementos relacionados aos constructos selecionados. Desenvolveu-se um instrumento prévio de medição (survey), que foi testado em uma amostra para ajustes. A pesquisa final constou com uma amostra validada de 253 respondentes. Para analisar os dados da pesquisa, foi utilizada a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais, validando o modelo e testando as hipóteses de pesquisa. Constatou-se que o intraempreendedorismo e a TI Fashion influenciam significativa e positivamente a consumerização de TI e essa, por sua vez, influencia o fator desempenho pessoal. Diferente do proposto como hipótese inicial, a consumerização de TI afeta significativa e positivamente a Governança de TI. Conclui-se que o uso de recursos pessoais de informática para o trabalho é influenciado por ações intraempreendedoras nas organizações, assim como a sedução por inovações tecnológicas disponibilizadas pela indústria de tecnologia da informação, e afetam positivamente o desempenho pessoal. Observa-se que as organizações são flexíveis no uso de recursos pessoais de TI e adaptam-se à introdução, por parte dos funcionários, de inovações tecnológicas pessoais para o trabalho, adequando as políticas de Governança de TI. / The information technology industry has provided equipment and computer programs increasingly affordable to the end user, allowing employees, in search of better personal performance, apply their own resources, such as tablets and e-mail personal accounts, to professional activity, impacting how IT governance works. The search for practicability and opportunities in an environment that fosters change, some of intrapreneurial activities characteristics, acts in decision making and contributes to the process of consumerization of IT. With the availability of new technologies and the current belief in a new fashion trend, a conducive scenario is created to these innovations be used in organizations, taking advantage of the facilities of virtualization, of knowledge and adaptability of the user with the technology. The employee waits thereby improve their efficiency and productivity through the variety of possibilities, delivering results with better information quality. As the personal computer resources are not part of the organization's IT portfolio, we hypothesize that IT consumerization can negatively affect IT Governance. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the use of personal information technology resources on performance and IT governance, from the approaches of intrapreneurship and IT Fashion. To achieve this goal we conducted a survey with qualitative and quantitative techniques. It was identified the personal information technology resources used by employees and key elements related to the selected constructs. It was developed an prior measurement instrument (survey) that was tested in a sample for adjustments. The final survey consisted with a validated sample of 253 respondents. To analyze the survey data, and to validate and test the research hypothesis, it was used structural equation modeling techniques. It was found that intrapreneurship and IT Fashion significantly and positively influences the consumerization of IT and this, in turn, influences the personal performance factor. Unlike the initial hypothesis proposed, the consumerization of IT affects significantly and positively the IT Governance. We conclude that the use of personal computing for work is influenced by intrapreneurial actions and by the technological innovations seduction provided by the information technology industry and positively affect personal performance and IT Governance It is observed that organizations are flexible in use of personal IT and they adapt to the introduction, by employees, of personal technological innovations for work, adjusting policies to IT Governance.

Date: 2008-10-06 Level: Bachelor thesis within Information Technology and business economics, 15p, EIK021 Authors: Anna Karlsson, akn05009@student.mdh.se Lena-Maria Lindström, llm05002@student.mdh.se Magnus Wretlund, mvd05001@student.se Tutor: Marie Mörndal   Title: Managing IT-incidents, a case study at ICAs IT department                            Operations Keywords: IT-incident management, IT-incident management process, IT-incident, ITIL, CCTA   Problem: An organization can benefit by having an established management process of handling IT-incidents. But how can this be achieved? Are there step-by-step procedures? What´s included in the management process of IT-incidents? Is the size of the organization relevant to which model is to be chosen? Can the work of the writers of this essay result in a recommendation of a specific model for IT-incident management? These questions lead to the following essay question; How are IT-incidents managed? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe and discuss how IT incidents can be managed. Method: The writers of this essay have performed a case study at ICA, a Swedish food retail company. Eleven interviews with nine different persons have been carried out. The interviews are analyzed in the chapter called Resultat och analys. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that there are both similarities and differences in Dept. Operations´ management process for handling IT-incidents compared to what is stated in the CCTA-model. Another conclusion is that it is of highest importance for a business to implement a standard procedure for handling IT-incidents. The lack of such a model could result in e.g. financial losses.

The Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, has developed a platform that is used to train and study IT-security. This platform was used during the cyber Baltic shield, an international cyber security exercise. During the exercise, a number of teams acting as system administrators, tried to secure and defend the system of a fictive power supply company. Another team acted as a terrorist organisation with the goal to compromise the systems of the power supply companies and shut down their power generators. FOI has also developed a security assessment method, named XMASS, which is implemented in a software tool called SANTA. This can be used to model a networked IT-system and get a picture of its current state of security. This thesis aims to integrate the tool, SANTA, with the platform for cyber security exercises to get the ability to visualise a system and analyse its security during an IT-security exercise. The thesis also identifies some problems with XMASS regarding how traffic mediators, for example firewalls, are modelled. A literature review is performed to get a picture of the current state of research on security assessment methods and leads to a proposition of a new model for traffic mediators.

Introduction. This bachelor thesis concerns the subject of IT Governance, how organizations prioritize and decides IT-related issues. The thesis will approach how Swedish Small-to-Medium sized Enterprises, which are considered successful, governs IT-related issues. Theoretical Framework. In order to conduct this research, the Governance Arrangement Matrix, created by MIT Sloan 2003, is applied which was also incorporated in a global study by Weill in 2003. The matrix involves five different decisions domains within IT and different corporate archetypes divided by stakeholder involvement.  The compiled data will thus be analyzed and mapped against Weill's study to derive the contemporary decision structure in Swedish SME's and create a comparison to map any alterations that might have occurred. Method. Through utilizing an online-survey and conducting telephone interviews, 108 responses from Swedish SME's provided the necessary data to map the contemporary decision-structure within IT in a deductive manner to both utilize quantitative and qualitative data, creating an understanding of the derived outcome. The analysis will provide an understanding for organizations to see the fit between business objectives and IT-usage, creating future possibilities for organizations to further optimizes their alignment between the business and IT. The main conclusions from this thesis could be summarized as follow: Results. The involvement of the board-of-directors has become more frequent, and with the inclusion of a Chief Information Officer, the collaboration throughout the corporate hierarchy enables a broader understanding of the impact of IT. Although that this approach was the most frequent selected archetype, the decisions relating to IT acquisitions and architecture, the majority of responses showed indications relating these areas to be decided by CIO/IT-department thus in conclusion: the knowledge that CIO/IT-departments has are sufficient to support the everyday business need. Furthermore, the differences found between this research and the underlying study by Weill, indicates that IT is considered a multi-dimensional problem that needs constant supervision and that the view upon prioritizations and governance has been altered.

Climate change has become a widely discussed topic in many regions of the society. Green IT can be seen as part of the solution to this problem and can be defined as practices that work to improve the phases of design, production and usage of IT hardware, software and communication systems to effectively and efficiently use IT as a tool in the business, with minimal effect on the environment and promoting sustainability. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate if the Balanced Scorecard model has to be adapted and can be used to find objectives that can aid the implementation of Green IT. This was done by using an inductive approach to find Green IT practices through secondary data and with semi-structured interviews with four Swedish companies. From the interviews, several Green IT practices and drivers were established. The drivers allowed the authors to determine that the Balanced Scorecard’s perspectives did not have to be adapted to fit a Green IT Strategy. The Green IT practices were transformed into initiatives that formed the basis for several Green IT objectives. Each objective individually fit into the four original perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard. These objectives, including initiatives, were the building blocks for the final Green IT Balanced Scorecard.

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Arbetet inom äldrevård och omsorg måste effektiviseras för att möta morgondagens behov. Det framtida rekryteringsproblemet behöver också lösas och vårdyrket måste bli mer attraktivt, t ex genom att följa med i den tekniska utvecklingen. En e-postbaserad enkät skickades ut till 13 svenska kommuner för att kunna sammanställa en aktuell lägesrapport över vilka IT-stöd som idag förekommer inom kommunal äldrevård och omsorg, samt till vad stödet används, vem det är till för och vilka det är som använder IT-stödet. Stationär dator, mobiltelefon och digitalkamera är de IT-stöd som flest respondenter svarade används i verksamheten. Stationär dator används främst för att hämta och registrera vårdtagardokumentation, men även för att skicka e-post och för ekonomiadministration. Det finns dock ingen specifik som stödet kan sägas vara till för. IT-stödet används framför allt av enhetschefer, vårdpersonal och administrativ personal. Mobiltelefon används givetvis främst för att ringa och skicka SMS, men även för att ta emot larm från vårdtagare samt tillkalla hjälp. Inte heller för detta IT-stöd finns det någon specifik som stödet kan sägas vara till för. Stödet används främst av övrig vårdpersonal, vårdpersonal och enhetschefer. Digitalkamera används främst för att förstärka dokumentation genom att dokumentera vårdtagares sår och läkningsprocess. Stödet är i första hand till för vårdtagare och läkare för att dessa utförarkategorier bl a undviker läkarbesök som inte är nödvändiga, men även vårdpersonal då dessa kan använda digitalkamera vid rådgivning. IT-stödet används främst av vårdpersonal.

Motivated by scarce academic consideration of project management control frameworks, this article explores usage, value and structure of frameworks with a focus on the popular Control Objectives for IT and related Technology (CobiT) construct. We attempt to add to an empirically validated structure of internal control over IT project management by including CobiT's views on the intended domain of content. Results from the empirical survey indicate that the metrics suggested by CobiT are regarded as feasible and important by project management professionals, and are regularly used in controlling practice. Experience, regularity of significant projects and the size of the hosting organisations, however, seem to be stronger moderators of success rates than the use of a management control system with or without support of CobiT. CobiT's suggestions are of generic nature and in particular useful for programme performance management. The latent dimensions of project quality on process and activity levels were not validated and gaps to other project assessment models were identified.

I denna undersökning studeras vilka metoder systemutvecklare tillämpar för att hjälpa kunden att förstå vad deras behov och önskemål är i ett agilt systemutvecklingsprojekt. Syftet är att bidra till ökad förståelse för vad kundnöjdhet utgör. Genom att studera hur konsulter sammankopplar kunders behov och förväntningar, menar Kano Noriaki (1984) att kundnöjdhet uppnås. För att kunna undersöka vilka metoder som ligger till grund för förståelsen av behov och efterfrågan har teorier kring agil utveckling kompletterats med teorier inom kommunikation och kundnöjdhet i form av en undersökningsmodell. Studien baserades på kvalitativa intervjuer med tre ITkonsultföretag inom systemutveckling. Resultatet tyder på att förtroendeskapande, laborativt skapande av kravspecifikation, motkrav, tillgänglighet och flexibilitet är metoder som de konsulterna använder i olika utsträckning inom företagen. Kundnöjdheten utvärderas främst med fokus på kvantiteten av antalet uppfyllda krav, medan vissa tillämpar en kvalitativ undersökning som fokuserar på huruvida kunden skulle rekommendera företaget till någon i deras nätverk.

In last decades, we are viewers of the trend, when business informatics adopts and implements general managerial methodology, methods and tools. These are modified in the specific condition of business informatics. We can demonstrate this trend on the follow examples: Corporate Governance, derived IT Governance. Corporate Performance Measurement (CPM), derived IT Performance Measurement (IT PM) or Balanced Scorecard (BSC), derived IT Balanced Scorecard (IT BSC). There is enough scope for all this domains in the Czech written literature. But there is no scope for IT controlling. The main goal of this thesis is verify the Eschenbach concept of controlling can be adopted by business informatics in its specific condition. This diploma thesis also handles about problems and benefits caused by implementation this concept of controlling in business informatics. The main goal is reached by exploration literature, researches, case studies, articles and other paper or electronic essays, when the methods of deduction and synthesis are used for customizing general facts about controlling for IT Governance and IT Management Thesis is divided in three parts: At the beginning of this diploma thesis, there are introduced right assumptions for correct understanding of IT controlling. The benefits of this part we can see in the defining of system attributes of business informatics and comparison IT Management and IT Governance with two theoretical approaches to management control system. By this comparison is verified the possibility to adopt controlling in business informatics. In the second part of this diploma thesis, there is description of author concept IT controlling based on Eschenbach. There is description of main IT controlling function, institutionalization of IT controlling and the role of IT controller in organizational structure. The rest of this thesis is devoted to the concrete IT controlling functions, problems and solving of theirs. These are divides in two categories. The firs one is focused on performance oriented IT controlling. The second one is focused on IT costs oriented IT controlling. This thesis handles about IT controlling complexly. The result of this diploma thesis is author concept of IT controlling based on Eschenbach concept of controlling.