La valeur philosophique des œuvres de Bachelard est généralement circonscrite dans les simples limites d’une double spécialisation, vers la science et vers la poésie. Or, bien que la double spécification de l’œuvre soit manifeste, elle conduit le plus souvent à une vulgate qui empêche d’en saisir la richesse et la complexité, au point qu’on parlerait de la philosophie de Bachelard au singulier par simple commodité. Est-Il sérieux de soutenir que Bachelard développe une philosophie au sens fort du terme, alors que les interprétations communes de son œuvre la réduisent à une réflexion sur la rationalité et l’imaginaire ? Quelles raisons peut-On avoir de dire qu’il existe une philosophie intégrale chez Bachelard, qui se déploie à partir de ses enquêtes régionales, mais qui excède le cadre disciplinaire de l’épistémologie et de la poétique pour s’essayer à des « aventures d’idées » et à des spéculations plus audacieuses ? Nous pensons qu’il faut réévaluer la pensée de Bachelard, et lui reconnaître une place de choix dans le tableau de la philosophie française du XXe siècle. Nous engageons une telle réévaluation en proposant la reconstruction de la philosophie pluraliste de Bachelard, sur la base d’une interprétation d’ensemble de son œuvre et d’une lecture intégrale du corpus. Nous défendons ainsi la thèse selon laquelle la philosophie de Bachelard, à la fois théorique et pratique, est un pluralisme cohérent, dont les implications sont psychologiques, ontologiques et axiologiques, en sorte que le pluralisme bachelardien se déploie autour non seulement d’une conception de l’esprit (Partie I), de l’être-Au-Monde et des modes d’existence (Partie II), mais aussi d’un perfectionnisme de la vie bonne, dans l’horizon d’une anthropologie complète (Partie III). / The philosophical significance of the works of Bachelard is generally contained within a simple, two-Fold speciality, science and poetry. Although the double specificity of the work is evident, it often leads to a vulgate which obscures the richness and complexity of the works to such an extent that it is just simpler to speak of the philosophy of Bachelard in the singular. Is it relevant to uphold the theory that Bachelard develops a philosophy in the true sense of the word, whereas the normal interpretation of his works reduces them to a reflection on rationality and imaginary? How can one defend the idea that an integral philosophy exists in the works of Bachelard, which is developed from his regional research, but which exceeds the disciplinary framework of epistemology and the poetic to experiment "adventurous ideas" and more audacious suppositions? We believe we need to re-Evaluate the theories of Bachelard and to grant him a place of honour in twentieth century French philosophy. We undertake this re-Evaluation by proposing the reconstruction of the pluralist philosophy of Bachelard, on the basis of an overall interpretation of his work and a reading of the whole corpus. We therefore defend the thesis whereby the philosophy of Bachelard, both theoretical and practical, is a coherent pluralism, with psychological, ontological and axiological implications, so that the pluralism of Bachelard unfolds around not only a conception of the mind (Part I), of the "being-In-The-World" and concepts of existence (Part II), but also perfectionism in leading the good life, within the scope of a complete anthropology (Part III).

Esta tese discute como Brasil e Portugal abordam em suas representações literárias o imaginário que envolve a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O estudo volta-se ao aspecto do combatente brasileiro em solo italiano, “o pracinha”, e à perspectiva do refugiado, vítima das perseguições antissemitas, que buscou asilo em terras lusitanas. Para tanto, procede-se ao exame das obras de Boris Schnaiderman, Guerra em surdina, e de Roberto de Mello e Souza, Mina R, no âmbito brasileiro. As narrativas analisadas no panorama português são “Nasci com passaporte de turista” e O cavalo espantado, de Alves Redol, “O mundo perdido”, de Joaquim Paço d’Arcos, e Sob céus estranhos, de Ilse Losa. De um lado, vislumbra-se a guerra em funcionamento, apontada nos romances brasileiros através da experiência coletiva e da experiência individual dos soldados (agentes e vítimas do aparato da guerra). De outro lado, aponta-se as consequências da guerra por meio dos desterrados que chegaram a Portugal e assumiram a voz narrativa para relatar suas trajetórias, o que se compreende como “a escrita do refugiado”.Os efeitos da guerra também são apresentados através do relato feito pela alteridade, destacado aqui como “o refugiado na escrita”. O aporte teórico conta, entre outras referências, com o artigo de Fredric Jameson, War and representation (2009), como suporte para a análise das representações bélicas nas duas literaturas. A partir disso, os retratos da guerra, apreendidos por meio do corpus selecionado nessa tese, exibem irascibilidade, desumanização e descaso como características desse “tempo sombrio” (ARENDT, 1991), além de abordarem o desalento próprio àqueles que passaram por vivências aterradoras, sejam eles os combatentes – como no caso brasileiro –, sejam os fugitivos das perseguições antissemitas – como no português. / This thesis discusses how Brazil and Portugal approach in their literary representations the imaginary that involves the Second World War. The study turns to the aspect of the Brazilian combatant on Italian soil, “the pracinha”, and the perspective of the refugee, a victim of anti-Semitic persecutions, who sought asylum in Lusitanian lands. To do so, the works of Boris Schnaiderman, Guerra em surdina, and Roberto de Mello e Souza, Mina R, are examined in the Brazilian context. The narratives analyzed in the Portuguese panorama are “Nasci com passaporte de turista” and O cavalo espantado, by Alves Redol, “O mundo perdido”, by Joaquim Paço d'Arcos, and Sob céus estranhos, by Ilse Losa. On the one hand, we can see the war in operation, pointed out in the Brazilian novels through the collective experience and individual experience of the soldiers (agents and victims of the apparatus of war). On the other hand, the consequences of the war are pointed out by the exiles who arrived in Portugal and took the narrative voice to report their trajectories, which is understood as “the writing of the refugee”. The effects of war are also presented through the account of alterity, here described as “the refugee in writing”. The theoretical contribution counts, among other references, the article by Fredric Jameson, War and representation (2009), as support for the analysis of warlike representations in the two literatures. From this, the portraits of war, seized through the corpus selected in this thesis, exhibit irascibility, dehumanization and neglect as characteristics of this “dark time” (ARENDT, 1991), as well as addressing the self-despondency of those who have experienced frightening experiences, be they combatants – as in the Brazilian case – are the fugitives of anti- Semitic persecutions – as in Portuguese.

L’adhésion à l’OTAN façonne-t-elle l’imaginaire sécuritaire ? À travers l’analyse des discours des locuteurs autorisés australiens et français sur le thème de la guerre en Afghanistan (2001-2012), ce mémoire vise à comparer les imaginaires sécuritaires de ces deux États au regard de leur relation avec l’OTAN. Lorsque ces éléments constitutifs sont mis bout à bout, avec le récit entourant le cadre d’opération (chapitre 1), celui de la représentation de l’ennemi (chapitre 2) ainsi que celui de la la désignation de la menace (chapitre 3), l’ensemble que l’on appelle l’imaginaire sécuritaire permet de mieux comprendre les décisions qui sont prises en matière de politique étrangère. La comparaison de l’imaginaire sécuritaire entre la France, qui est pourtant membre de l’organisation transatlantique, et l’Australie, qui n’en est pas membre, indique que l’Australie partage un imaginaire sécuritaire proche de la France laissant apparaître que l’OTAN n’a pas d’impact et qu’il faut chercher dans un ensemble plus large la réponse. L’analyse suggère que les deux gouvernements (re)produisent un discours dans lequel ils cherchent à accroitre l’espace discursif entre un « eux » barbare et un « nous » magnifié. / Does NATO membership shape the security imaginary? Through a discourse analysis of Australian and French authorized speakers on the subject of the war in Afghanistan (2001-2012) this dissertation compares the security imaginary of these two states in terms of their relationship with NATO. Accounting for the narrative surrounding the operating framework (Chapter 1), the representation of the enemy (Chapter 2) as well as the designation of the threat (Chapter 3), security imaginary allows a better understanding of foreign policy decisions. Comparing France’s security imaginary, which is a NATO member, with Australia’s, which is not, reveals that Australia shares a security imaginary similar to France’s. Thus, NATO membership does not seem to have an impact on security imaginary. The analysis suggests that both governments (re)produce a discourse in which they seek to increase the discursive space between a barbaric "them" and a magnified "us".

1 Summary: F. Borecký, The Role of Imagination in Aesthetic Experience in Mikel Dufrenne's Thought The aim of this dissertation thesis is to present Dufrenne's original conception of imagination and to highlight its significance for philosophical aesthetics. We focus on a critical interpretation of two alternative approaches which Dufrenne considers in his work. The first approach is based on a noetic perspective, the other on an ontological one. In both cases, Dufrenne claims that imagination is a productive, effecting activity which in a formative manner participates in knowledge of a priori truths regarding human being in the world. Such knowledge is most fully accomplished in the aesthetic experience. Only there a man opens oneself to the external world while maintaining with it a relation of primordial corporeity, which they both - i.e., both humans and the world - share. Imagination and its correlate, the imaginary, in an aesthetic experience stimulate each other and enable a reverberation of the most fundamental possibilities of human being in the world. It is imagination and the imaginary which enable a man to penetrate the superficial empirical level and reach the deep level of the a priori. On the level of the a priori, a man can experience the original corporeal unity which is of the same kind...

This work focuses on the themes of old age, ageing and dementia. It seeks to explore how people who are caring for a loved one with dementia construct their ideas about the illness and how their experience of caring translates into their ideas about old age and ageing. These themes are discussed against the background of the third age, active ageing and the social imagination of the fourth age as conceived by Gilleard and Higgs. The thesis shows how the respondents form their ideas about their own old age in the context of third age culture, what aspects of old age they consider most important, and conversely what constitutes for them an image of a bad old age. At the same time, this thesis captures the respondents' experience of caring for their parent and how they construct ideas about this illness on the basis of this experience. The specific aspects of the disease of dementia are discussed in the context of key elements of the social imaginary of the fourth age and its most debated concepts, including the concept of personhood. The problematic aspects of the disease are reflected in the experience of caring for a loved one with dementia, and reflected in the fear of the disease in terms of their impact on the relationship with the parent, the nature and need for care.

The dissertation The Linguistic Picture of Death, Afterlife and Dying in Primary and Secondary School Pupils is devoted to the reconstruction of the linguistic picture of death in these groups of pupils, its mutual comparison and its comparison with the developed psychological concept of death. Furthermore, it describes how the taboo of this topic manifests itself in the pupils' linguistic picture of death and which modifications of the linguistic picture of the world are shown in the linguistic picture of death among pupils. In the first part, the dissertation deals with the concept of death in language and culture, and thus also with the linguistic and socio-cultural taboo of this phenomenon. We deal with the development of the conception of death in history and also the development of the concept of death of children and youth. The theoretical frame for this work is based on the methods of cognitive linguistics and its approach to linguistic research. We characterize this linguistic approach, its methods and the main representatives in the next part of the work. We use cognitive linguist methods not only for processing but also for collecting language data. In the third part, we analyze system, text and empirical language data. Textual data are derived from texts of intentional literature for...

Bien que la science n’ait pas encore percé les secrets de la conscience humaine, les avancées dans le domaine de l’intelligence artificielle ont provoqué une résurgence du mythe de la créature artificielle dans le domaine de l’imaginaire. Ce mémoire vise à comprendre l’actualisation de ce mythe antique par la promesse scientifique contemporaine et son incarnation dans l’imaginaire cinématographique de science-fiction. Après un retour historique sur l’évolution du domaine de l’IA, j’insisterai sur le rôle joué par le cinéma de science-fiction dans sa capacité à construire un imaginaire scientifique crédible. Je me concentre sur le mythe antique de la créature artificielle pour ensuite mettre en évidence le point où il rencontre la science par l’usage du medium cinématographique, capable de transmettre cet « ailleurs » contenu dans la promesse scientifique et matérialisé par la science-fiction. Afin de rendre compte de cette actualisation, je forme un corpus de films en prenant soin de retracer la généalogie conjointe de l’évolution scientifique de l’IA et de sa projection dans l’imaginaire par la mise en parallèle dans l’analyse de l’actualité de la recherche technoscientifique au moment de la parution de chaque film du corpus. Par cette méthode j’arrive à liste suivante : Frankenstein (1931) ; 2001, A Space Odyssey (1968) ; Blade Runner (1982) ; Terminator 2 (1991) ; A.I : Artificial Intelligence (2001) ; Her (2013) ; Ex Machina (2015) ; Blade Runner 2049 (2017). Cette disposition me permet de constater l’évolution de la promesse de l’IA forte en prise avec la discussion que le réel entretient avec l’imaginaire du mythe de la créature artificielle. Par l’analyse des technologies qui sous-tendent la création de chacune de ces créatures, j’analyse la manière par laquelle la science-fiction matérialise la promesse scientifique d’une IA forte, et cela avant même l’érection de son domaine consacré (i.e. Frankenstein). Deux films ont cependant résisté à mon cadre d’analyse, Blade Runner et Blade Runner 2049, en offrant une histoire alternative de l’IA à partir d’une créature artificielle non pas entièrement technique mais cyborg, à l’interstice de notre monde biologique et celui de la machine. / Although science has yet to unlock the secrets of human consciousness, recent advances in Artificial Intelligence research have caused the myth of the artificial creature to resurface in the realm of the imaginary. This dissertation aims to understand the actualization of this ancient myth through the contemporary scientific promise of AI and its incarnation in the cinematic science fiction imagination. After a historical review of the evolution of the field of research in AI, I insist on the role played by science fiction cinema in its ability to build a credible scientific imagination. I then come back to the imaginary of the myth of the artificial creature to highlight the point where it meets science through the use of the medium of cinema, capable of transmitting this "elsewhere" contained in the scientific promise and materialize it through science fiction. I form a corpus of seven films retracing the joint genealogy of the scientific evolution of AI and its projection into the imagination by comparing it in the analysis of current events of technoscientific research at the time of the release of each film in the corpus. By this method I arrive at the following list: Frankenstein (1931); 2001, A Space Odyssey (1968); Blade Runner (1982); Terminator 2 (1991); A.I: Artificial Intelligence (2001); Her (2013); Ex Machina (2015); Blade Runner 2049 (2017). This allows me to describe the evolution of the promise of strong AI in the discussion that the real entertains with the imaginary of the myth of the artificial creature. By focusing on the technologies which underlie the creation of each of these creatures, I am able to analyze how science fiction materializes the scientific promise of a strong AI, and this even before the erection of its consecrated domain (i.e. Frankenstein). However, two films withstood our analytical framework, Blade Runner and Blade Runner 2049, by offering an alternate story of AI from an artificial creature not entirely technical but cyborg, at the interstice of our biological world and that of the machine.

Le présent mémoire se penche sur la couverture de la grève étudiante québécoise de 2012, souvent appelée le Printemps érable, dans les pages du Journal de Montréal. Dans une approche sociocritique des textes (Claude Duchet, Edmond Cros, Régine Robin) et en mettant à l’épreuve le concept d’imaginaire social tel qu’il a été réélaboré par Pierre Popovic, nous nous demandons en quoi et comment ce média a pu favoriser les antagonismes entre les groupes sociaux en cause. En analysant la couverture journalistique, aussi bien les premières pages, les caricatures, les reportages, les chroniques que les lettres des lecteurs, et en étudiant la façon dont ce corpus interagit avec les dimensions iconique et poétique de l’imaginaire social, nous parvenons à dégager des effets de mise en récit, de poétisation et de fictionnalisation fort singuliers. Si notre hypothèse théorique est celle d’un lien dynamique entre le corpus et les représentations qui circulent dans l’imaginaire collectif, notre hypothèse herméneutique, elle, nous mène à explorer la manière dont ce quotidien montréalais a construit et diffusé des figures de substitution aux intervenants réels par lesquelles chacun pouvait peu ou prou se sentir interpellé : l’Automobiliste, le Contribuable, le Démocrate, le Commerçant, le Ti-Joe connaissant, l’Enfant roi, l’Artiste, le Bébé gâté, le Radical, l’Intimideur, le Gauchiste, le Terroriste. Regroupées en deux factions rivales, la « Rue » et la « Majorité silencieuse », ces figures substitutives ont participé à l’émergence d’un récit particulier des événements, celui d’un assaut hypocrite et pernicieux porté à la démocratie québécoise. Quand un journaliste titre « Party au centre-ville », que suggère-t-il sur les grévistes et comme récit de la manifestation? Que révèle le diptyque caricatural proposé par Marc Beaudet replongeant le lecteur tout droit en pleine crise d’Oka? Que vient faire dans cette histoire le dernier film de Christopher Nolan, Batman, The Dark Knight Rises? Voilà le genre de questions auxquelles ce mémoire apporte très concrètement des réponses. / This Master’s essay examines coverage of the 2012 Quebec student protests, often called the « Maple Spring », by the Journal de Montréal. Through a sociocritical approach (Claude Duchet, Edmond Cros, Régine Robin) and using the concept of social imaginary (Pierre Popovic), we ask why and how this publication could breed antagonism between the social groups in question. By dissecting the journalistic coverage (front pages, caricatures, articles, columns, readers’ opinions) and studying the interactions between this corpus and the iconic and poetic dimensions of the social imaginary, we come to identify singular storytelling effects, as well as poeticization and fictionalization effects. If our theoretical hypothesis is based on a dynamic link between the corpus and some active representations in the collective imaginary, our hermeneutic hypothesis leads us to explore the different ways in which the Montreal daily constructed and provided substitution figures for its actual speakers through which readers could more or less take position : the Driver, the Taxpayer, the Democrat, the Business Owner, the Know-It-All, the Spoiled Brat, the Over-Indulged Child, the Artist, the Radical, the Bully, the Lefty and the Terrorist. Grouped into two rival factions, the "Street" and the "Silent Majority", these substitution figures were all key players in the emergence of a certain reshaping of events suggesting a hypocritical and pernicious assault against Quebec democracy. When a journalist titles his text "Party downtown," what does he implies about strikers and the narrative of the event? What does the caricature diptych proposed by Marc Beaudet, bringing the reader right back in the middle of the Oka crisis, reveal? How is Christopher Nolan’s last film, Batman: The Dark Knight Rises relevant to the « Maple Spring »? These are some of the questions that this essay endeavour to answer in very concrete terms.

Cette thèse étudie les enjeux et processus de création de lieux intermédiaires (friches culturelles, tiers-lieux) dans le contexte spécifique de la Belgique des années 1970. Dans une situation de revendications sociales, culturelles et artistiques et de luttes urbaines, alors que le pays est en plein chantier institutionnel conséquemment à la première révision de la Constitution, de nouveaux acteurs réclament leur place dans la cité et leur droit à la ville. Les études sur les lieux intermédiaires se multiplient depuis vingt ans en lien avec les enjeux d’aménagement du territoire. L’état de l’art révèle que tandis que les géographes, urbanistes et sociologues investissent des lieux contemporains pour analyser à quelles dynamiques territoriales – et plus spécifiquement urbaines – ils participent, les historiens de l’art et du théâtre rédigent des monographies sur l’invention de ces nouveaux espaces et sur leurs enjeux et effets dans le monde de l’art.En étudiant, à l’aide de fonds d’archives actuellement non traités et de l’histoire orale, trois lieux intermédiaires fondés en Belgique durant les années 1970 – les Halles de Schaerbeek, le Cirque Divers et la Raffinerie du Plan K – cette thèse propose d’articuler ces deux démarches en montrant comment, par l’esthétique, les choix d’aménagement et les modes de sociabilité développés dans ces lieux, ces derniers élaboraient un imaginaire urbain spécifique, participaient à l’expérience de la cité et s’inscrivaient dans le monde de l’art.La mise en place de ces infrastructures constituait une solution spatiale qui devait permettre de développer de nouvelles pratiques artistiques, susciter d’autres rapports à la culture et privilégier des modes festifs de sociabilité dans un contexte culturel peu dynamique. La thèse montre comment la logique Do It Yourself qui animait la création des lieux intermédiaires ainsi que leur manque de moyens structurels rendaient ces derniers particulièrement sensibles à leur environnement (institutionnel, urbain, socio-culturel, artistique) et les ouvraient sur la vie et les besoins de la cité. On observe que les trois lieux résultaient d’une dynamique de coopération et des appropriations des usagers, davantage que d’une logique oppositionnelle. Face au contexte actuel du city marketing et des ambitions de la ville créative qui mobilise les infrastructures et événements culturels à des fins économiques et promotionnelles, la perspective historique de cette thèse vise à réinterroger le statut de ressource que représente le lieu de culture. À partir de l’histoire de ces trois lieux, elle invite à penser les conditions de possibilité de l’infrastructure culturelle comme commun. / This dissertation examines the challenges and creative processes of intermediate places (cultural sites, third-places) in the specific situation of Belgium during the 1970s. In a context of social, cultural and artistic demands and urban conflicts, as the country was undergoing institutional reforms following the first revision of the Constitution, new actors claimed their place in the city and their right to the city.Studies on intermediate places have proliferated over the past twenty years with regard to land use planning issues. A review of the state of the art reveals that while geographers, urban planners and sociologists invested contemporary spaces to analyze the territorial - and more specifically urban - dynamics to which they contribute, art and theater historians produced monographs on the invention of such new spaces and about their significance and effects in the art world.Using unedited archive collections and oral history to study three intermediate places founded in Belgium in the 1970s - the Halles de Schaerbeek, the Cirque Divers and the Raffinerie du Plan K - this research suggests to combine these two approaches by showing how, through aesthetics, design choices and the modes of sociability implemented in these places, they developed a specific urban imaginary, contributed to the experience of the city and entered the art world.The implementation of such infrastructures provided a spatial solution that would enable the development of new artistic practices, encourage other attitudes towards culture and favor celebratory modes of sociability, in a poorly dynamic cultural context. The dissertation shows how the "Do It Yourself" movement that promoted the development of intermediate places as well as their lack of organizational means made them particularly sensitive to their - institutional, urban, socio-cultural, artistic - environment and exposed them to the life and needs of the city. Consequently, it can be stated that the three cultural sites arose from a dynamic of cooperation and appropriation by the users, rather than from an oppositional logic. In light of the current model of city marketing and the aspirations of the creative city, which relies on the use of public infrastructures and cultural events for economic and marketing purposes, the historical approach of this work aims at reexamining the value of cultural places as a resource. Drawing on the history of these three sites, it calls for a reflection on the conditions of possibility of cultural infrastructure as a common.Keywords: intermediate places, requalification, common, development, appropriation, 1970, creative city, celebration, spectacle, urban imaginary, Brussels, Liege, Belgium / Doctorat en Arts du spectacle et technique de diffusion et de communication / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The increased contact between nations and cultures in the globalization of the twenty-first century requires an increased accountability for the ways in which individuals and countries negotiate these points of contact. New World and Caribbean Studies envision the cross-cultural and transnational encounters between indigenous, European, and African peoples as important contributors to a paradigm within which identity in relation offers an alternative to identities rooted in national and filial frameworks. Such frameworks limit the ability to construct identity without relying upon static representations of history, culture, and ethnicity that tend to privilege one group over another. In the literature of Edwidge Danticat and Julia Alvarez, however, a fictional space is created that rewrites national histories and problematizes rooted identities through their novels' characterization. This fictional space is a transnational paradigm that—in the vocabulary of the critical theories of Édouard Glissant, Antonio Benítez-Rojo, and David A. Hollinger—explores the effects of cultures founded on ideas of relation and affiliation rather than on rooted socio-cultural legitimacy and ethno-political authority. Danticat and Alvarez's characters engage in a process of present living that allows them to negotiate their experience of diaspora and maintain a stable construction of identity in relation.