Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa para minimizar o poder de alguns mitos existentes na escola, entre eles: \"ensinar língua portuguesa equivale a ensinar gramática\", que pressupõem uma série de atividades voltadas para um \"aluno ideal\". Nesse sentido, investigar-se-á, por meio da análise do discurso, as representações sobre norma gramatical que povoam o imaginário dos alunos do ensino médio e a auto-avaliação desses alunos sobre suas produções escritas. Tais propósitos são decorrentes de resultados de avaliações nacionais e internacionais (PISA, 2000, 2003) em que foram constatados sérios problemas relacionados à proficiência em leitura e escrita de alunos após 8 anos de escolarização no ensino fundamental. Visando contribuir para tornar o ensino de língua materna voltado para o \"aluno real\", foram confrontados diferentes pontos de vista sobre a TV para buscar subsídios ao possível uso da TV na escola. Vale ressaltar que a discussão sobre os mitos foi necessária para abrir espaço a outras práticas educacionais. Tendo em vista que a linguagem televisual apropria-se do contexto sócio-cultural em que está inserida e que é um \"mostruário de pluralidade lingüística\", poderá ser um recurso tecnológico significativo para o desenvolvimento de habilidades de oralidade, leitura e escrita no ensino fundamental. O quadro teórico congrega pesquisadores voltados ao imaginário (Carvalho et alii, 1998; Porto e Fonseca, 1998; Teixeira, 2005), à linguagem televisual (Fishe, 1987; Rocco, 1988; Machado, 1997;Citelli, 2002) e ao ensino e aprendizagem de língua materna (Neves, 1990; Preti, 1995; Semeghini-Siqueira, 1997; Castilho, 1998; Bagno, 2000; Marcuschi, 2001; Perini, 2001). Como proposta metodológica, foram elaborados 3 instrumentos, contendo questões abertas e fechadas, e selecionados 4 grupos de sujeitos a fim de recobrir as diversas vertentes do assunto em questão. O grupo denominado sujeito [ I ] é constituído por telespectadores comuns; o sujeito [ II ], por universitários; o sujeito [ III ], por professores de língua materna e o sujeito [ IV ] são alunos do ensino médio de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. Para atingir os objetivos foram investigadas formas de se trabalhar a linguagem televisual, na sala de aula, e apresentadas duas atividades articuladas para viabilizar o ensino e aprendizagem de oralidade, leitura e escrita. Tal proposta pedagógica é direcionada ao \"aluno real\" e prioriza o ensino do uso da língua portuguesa na diversidade das práticas sociais. / This is a exploratory study of quality and quantity nature to minimize the power of some existing myths in the school, that is: \"To teach Portuguese as a teach grammar\", that presuppose series of activities related to \"a model student\". In this sense, it will research through speech analysis, the representation about grammatical rules that is in imaginary of students of High School and self-evaluation of these students about writing productions. These purposes are current results from national and international evaluations (PISA, 2000, 2003) which were verified serious problems related to acknowledge in reading and writing of students after 8 years of scholarship in Elementary School. Contributing to become the education of native language for \"real student\" were analyzed different point of view about TV to search assistance for possible use of TV in the School. Projecting the discussions about myths were necessary to give opportunity to other educational practices. Notice that the televisual language domain the socio cultural context that is added and that is a \"table of plurality of linguistic\", it can be a significative technological resource for development of orally, reading and writing abilities of Elementary School. The exposition connect researches to imaginary (Carvalho et alii, 1998; Porto e Fonseca, 1998; Teixeira, 2005), to televisual language (Fishe, 1987; Rocco, 1988; Machado, 1997;Citelli, 2002) and for teaching and learning the native language (Neves, 1990; Preti, 1995; Semeghini-Siqueira, 1997; Castilho, 1998; Bagno, 2000; Marcuschi, 2001; Perini, 2001). As a methodological purpose, was elaborated 3 tools, containing open and restrict questions and selected 4 groups of subject for covering the different areas of related matter. The group calling subject [ I ] is formed by watchers; the subject [ II ], by academics; the subject [ III ], by teachers of native language and the subject [ IV ] by students of High School of Public School in city of Sao Paulo. For targeting the objectives were researched ways of work televisual language in the classroom, presented in two linked activities for viability the teaching and learning of orally, reading and writing. Those pedagogic propose is focused on \"real student\" and preference for teaching of Portuguese language use in different social practices.

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T21:54:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caixeta_BrunaPereira_M.pdf: 41483159 bytes, checksum: 9da2fe0848c5c1d54ac61022e851cefe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Alguns anos antes da deflagração da Revolução Inglesa de 1640, que na Inglaterra deporia o regime monárquico e daria aos puritanos o controle de um regime pretensamente republicano, ocorreria uma série de erros políticos que contribuiriam para os conflitos que levaram à Guerra Civil. Boa parte deles adveio da política pró-Espanha assumida pelos dois primeiros reis Stuart, Jaime I e Carlos I, que, entre outras ações, não apoiaram as classes protestantes nas suas empresas de comercialização e colonização de mercados no exterior, deixando a situação econômica do país negativa. Diante do iminente fenecimento do regime monárquico, da Igreja Anglicana alicerçada no sistema episcopal e de aliança ao Estado, do perigo da Inglaterra se tornar domínio espanhol, Francis Godwin compõe por volta de 1629, publicado seu texto em 1638, a ficção utópica "The Man in the Moone". Sumarizando todo o conflito religioso e os deslizes do governo dos primeiros Stuart que caracterizou a Inglaterra nos 40 primeiros anos do século XVII, o presente estudo objetivará mostrar que essa ficção do espanhol Domingo Gonsales na sua viagem à lua, na passagem pela fictícia ilha de Santa Helena e pela China ocupada por jesuítas, debatendo as teorias de Copérnico, Galileu, Gilbert e Kepler na área da astronomia, se pretendeu uma defesa e proteção da Igreja Anglicana e do regime monárquico Tudor que aliava a Igreja ao Estado e favorecia a economia. Através do exemplo disciplinado e inovador dos jesuítas em missão na China no início do século XVII, Godwin intentará advertir os confusos reis, que a saída para os conflitos internos e externos ingleses estava no livre desenvolvimento da ciência, do comércio, e, agora diferente dos jesuítas, numa política adversária à Espanha e à mentalidade medieval e obsoleta católica / Abstract: Some years before the outbreak of the English Revolution of 1640, testifying that in England the monarchy and the Puritans would control an allegedly republican regime, there were a series of errors that contribute to political conflicts that led to the Civil War. Most of them came from the pro-Spanish political assumed by the first two Stuart kings, James I and Charles I, who, among other things, did not support the Protestant classes in their trading enterprises and colonization of overseas markets, leaving the economic situation of the country negative. Faced with the imminent withering of the monarchy, the Anglican Episcopal Church founded on the alliance with the State, the danger of Britain becoming a Spanish colony, Francis Godwin composed around 1629 and his text published in 1638, the utopian fiction "The Man in the Moone". Summarizing all the religious conflict and glides early Stuart England that characterized the first 40 years of the seventeenth century, this study will aim to show that this fiction of Spanish Domingo Gonsales on your trip to the moon, in his passage by the fictional island of Santa Helena and China populated by Jesuits, debating the theories of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Gilbert in the field of astronomy, sought a defense and protection of the Anglican Church and the Tudor monarchy that allied the Church to the State and favored the economy. Through disciplined and innovative example of the Jesuit mission in China in the early seventeenth century, Godwin will bring and warn the confused kings, that the output for the English internal and external conflicts was the investment in science, commerce, and now different from the Jesuits, in opposition to Spain and the Catholic medieval mentality and obsolete policy / Mestrado / Historia e Historiografia Literaria / Mestra em Teoria e História Literária

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T07:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baldo_MileneCristinadaSilva_M.pdf: 3399367 bytes, checksum: db5268af50e3efcc955d2d92fe5f0b1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo desse trabalho de mestrado é traduzir e estudar The Description of a New World, Called The Blazing-World, de autoria da filósofa natural e Duquesa de Newcastle Margaret Lucas Cavendish, e cuja publicação ocorreu pela primeira vez em 1666 acompanhando seu outro livro Observations upon Experimental Philosophy. A obra estudada é considerada a primeira no gênero literário utópico escrita por uma mulher e apresenta a história do descobrimento de um novo mundo por um estrangeiro que, após atravessar os mares, ali desembarca. O Mundo Resplandecente possui uma organização das leis, do estado, da religião etc. que permite uma vida em perfeita harmonia. Porém, diferentemente da estrutura paradigmática do texto de Thomas Morus, após sua chegada, o estrangeiro passa a interferir nesse mundo provocando-lhe mudanças substanciais, principalmente no que se refere à criação de sociedades científicas. Pertencendo às utopias produzidas ao longo do século XVII, como algumas delas, este texto possibilita a observação de um ideal pautado no contexto político e histórico que circunda o autor, bem como, e principalmente, apresenta ao leitor diferentes ideias presentes nos debates filosóficos dessa época. Esse caráter ocorre, de forma central, em função das críticas que a autora faz à filosofia experimental praticada pela Royal Society e que estão presentes em Observations, contudo, na utopia, um de seus intuitos é tratar dessa argumentação filosófica de forma a facilitar a compreensão aos que não participavam desse debate / Abstract: The objective of this Master¿s thesis is to complete a translation to Portuguese and a study of the The Description of a New World, Called The Blazing-World, by the natural philosopher Margaret Lucas Cavendish (the Duchess of Newcastle). This work was first published in 1666, following her previous book Observations upon Experimental Philosophy. This is considered to be the first utopian work written by a woman and presents the history of the discovery of a new world by a stranger, after a trip across the seas. This world has perfect organization of law, state, religion etc., resulting in a harmonious life for its inhabitants. The story has some resemblance to Thomas More¿s Utopia (1516) but is different in that, after his arrival, the stranger starts to interfere in this world. This causes a number of changes, mainly to established scientific societies. In a similar way to various other `utopias¿ produced throughout the seventeenth century, Cavendish¿s text allows the observation of the ideal political and historical context that surrounds the duchess, as well as introducing the reader to various ideas present in philosophical debates in that time. This includes various criticisms that the author makes of the experimental philosophy practiced by The Royal Society, which are also focused on in Observations. One of main purposes of the creation of this particular fictional utopia is to introduce the principle of philosophical argumentation to those who had not previously been able to participate in such debates / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestra em Teoria e História Literária

L'identité constitue une des notions-clés des littératures africaines. Elle prend une résonance particulière chez Senghor et chez Ken Bugul ainsi que chez beaucoup d’écrivains sénégalais. Elle permet d’établir une passerelle épistémologique avec le corps. Ainsi, les discours sur le corps aident à comprendre les enjeux identitaires qui animent la tension dramatique des structures narratives. Par exemple chez Cheikh Hamidou Kane, le corps devient le motif d'une appréhension métaphysique de l'"esse". Dans les autobiographies de Ken Bugul, l’affirmation identitaire du Moi féminin relève tout simplement d’un caractère existentiel, surtout à un moment où les littératures sont marquées par les conflits de genres. Cependant, l’on convient que le débat sur l’identité et le corps a son importance dans le saisissement de la psychologie du personnage. Il a aussi son importance dans le conditionnement du sens, celui à travers lequel la société révèle ses vices tout comme ses vertus. C’est pourquoi d’ailleurs chez Sembène, Abasse Ndione, Sanou Lô, Marouba Fall, Seydi Sow ou encore El Hadji Momar Sambe, la résonance sociale du discours littéraire aide à rétablir les parcelles de sens auxquelles renvoie toute écriture du corps. Telle est l’ambition de cette thèse qui s’est voulue avant tout un échange comparatiste entre des textes dont la richesse est à rechercher dans leur proximité thématique. / Identity constitutes one of the fundamental themes of African literature. It takes on a resonance in the writing of Senghor and Ken Bugul as well as in the writing of many Senegalese writing. It allows the establishment of an epistemological footbridge with the body. Therefore, the discourses about the body help to understand what is at stake concerning identity which livens up the dramatic tension of the narrative structures. For example, in the work of Cheikh Hamidou Kane, the body becomes the motive for a metaphysical apprehension of the "esse". In Ken Bugul’s autobiographies, the affirmation of identity of the feminine "Me" refers to the existential condition, especially when the literatures show the conflicts of gender. However, we agree that the debate on identity and the body has its importance in the understanding in the psychology of the character. It also has its importance in the construction of meaning, through which society reveals its vices and virtues. Moreover, that is why in the works of Sembene, Abasse Ndione, Sanou Lô, Marouba Fall, Seydi Sow or still El Hadji Momar Sambe, the social implication of literary discourse fragments of meaning to which all writing about the body refers. The ambition of this thesis is to construct a comparative exchange between their richness of meaning.

Au moyen âge et au début de l’époque moderne, un groupe de personnes se présentait comme les serviteurs de toute la noblesse : les hérauts. Ces personnages en apparence inférieurs se trouvaient investis de fonctions importantes pour l’identité des nobles et du prince. À la Renaissance, malgré un déclin certain cet office continua à exister et à servir princes et nobles dans un contexte d’évolution importantes. Auprès des Habsbourg, ils participèrent notamment aux guerres de Charles Quint, à la sédentarisation et à l’hispanisation de la cour sous Philippe II et à la révolte des Pays-Bas. A travers eux, c’est l’histoire du principat des premiers grands Habsbourg et de leur noblesse que l’on peut deviner. / During the middle-ages and the early modern period, a group of person was claiming to be the servants of the whole noble order. They were the heralds. Several important functions related with the identity of the prince and his nobility were associated with these apparently inferior persons. During the Renaissance, in spite of a manner of decline, this officeremained in existence and continued to serve both princes and nobles. The evolutions of these two traditionnal groups were nonetheless important. At the court of the Hapsburg, the heralds took part in particular in the wars of Charles V, in the sedentarisation an hispanisation of the court of Philip II and in the Dutch revolt. Through these persons, the history of the reign of the two first Hapsburg reveals itself.

Ce travail propose une analyse comparée portant sur la construction d’Haïti en tant queproblème public en Jamaïque et en Guadeloupe au cours des années 2000. Un premierfacteur de politisation observé dans ces deux territoires repose sur l’altérisation desHaïtiens par le biais de normes héritées de l’idéologie raciale coloniale et se traduit pard’importantes mobilisations contre les immigrés haïtiens. Un deuxième typed’intervention dans le champ politique relève au contraire de pratiques d’opposition audiscours colonial et tend à présenter la première République noire comme le symboled’une appartenance commune forgée dans la lutte contre l’hégémonie occidentale. Cetteconflictualité identitaire est resituée à l’aune du fond imaginaire racialisé hérité de lasociété de plantation et au croisement des modèles institutionnels mis en oeuvre après ladécolonisation en Jamaïque et en Guadeloupe. En retraçant la trajectoire du « problèmehaïtien », l’enquête engage une réflexion sur la production du politique dans l’espacecaribéen. Elle s’attache à montrer en quoi les antagonismes socio-raciaux exprimés dansles sociétés à fondement esclavagiste informent et travaillent l’action pol itique qui yprend place. La première partie revient sur l’invention de la figure racisée du « barbarehaïtien » dans l’espace Atlantique et son usage par les puissances occidentales en tantqu’outil de légitimation de l’ordre colonial en Jamaïque et en Guadeloupe. La deuxièmepartie s’intéresse à la manière dont ces stéréotypes raciaux sont réactivés dans les deuxterritoires durant les années 2000 à travers la politisation de l’immigration haïtienne etsa mise à l’agenda auprès des pouvoirs publics. En troisième lieu, les interactions quifaçonnent les énoncés officiels du « problème haïtien » sont saisies au prisme desinstruments de l’action publique mis en place afin de réguler, contrôler et mettre àl’écart les corps haïtiens. Cette recherche invite à aborder, par le biais de l’exemplecaribéen, les fondements de l’articulation entre identités raciales, production dupolitique, pratiques du pouvoir et modes de gouvernementalité. Elle met en évidence lalongévité des schèmes de pensée issus de la domination coloniale, tout en soulignant lacapacité des acteurs à en renégocier le contenu à travers le conflit politique. / This research project proposes a comparative analysis regarding the construction ofHaiti as a public problem in Jamaica and in Guadeloupe during the 2000s. A first factorof politicisation observed in both territories is based on the process of othering theHaitians through norms inherited from racist ideology and reflected in significantmobilisations against Haitian migrants. A second type of intervention in the politicalarena is conversely related to oppositional practices towards the colonial discourse andtends to present the first Black Republic as a symbol of common belonging shapedthrough struggles against Western hegemony. This source of identity-based conflicts islocated in the light of a racialised imaginary inherited from plantation society and at theintersection of the institutional models implemented after decolonisation in Jamaica andin Guadeloupe. By recounting the career of the “Haitian problem”, this survey reflectson the production of politics in the Caribbean space as from its margins. It aims atshowing how social and racial antagonisms expressed in societies founded on slaveryshape and fashion local political action. The first part sheds a light on the invention ofthe racialised representation of the “Haitian barbarian” in the Atlantic space and its useas a tool for legitimating the colonial order in Jamaican and in Guadeloupe by Westernpowers. The second part addresses the way in which these racial stereotypes werereactivated in both territories during the 2000s through the politicisation of Haitianimmigration as well as its placement on the policy agenda. Third, the interactions thatshape official narratives related to the “Haitian problem” are grasped through the lens ofpolicy instruments implemented in order to regulate, control and exclude Haitian bodies.Based on the Caribbean example, this research invites to discuss the way racialidentities, politics, power practices and governmentalities relate and are articulatedaltogether. It highlights the longevity of thinking patterns derived from colonialdomination, while emphasising the capacity of actors to renegotiate their contentthrough political conflict.

Cette thèse étudie les notions de géographie imaginaire et de sociologie fantastique dans l’œuvre de Marcelo Cohen (Buenos Aires, 1951). Le corpus de travail comprend l’ensemble de la production de fiction narrative de l’auteur (contes, nouvelles et romans en une vingtaine d’ouvrages) entre son premier recueil de récits, Lo que queda (1972), et son roman Balada (2011). La thèse est organisée en trois parties : la première (« Marcelo Cohen et son œuvre. Perspectives théoriques et méthodologiques ») propose une présentation de l’auteur et de son œuvre et un bilan théorique et pratique des notions de géographie imaginaire et de sociologie fantastique ; la deuxième (« Écrire l’espace ») analyse la construction de l’espace dans le corpus choisi dans une double démarche chronologique et figurative ; la troisième (« Littérature et société ») se penche sur les manifestations des dimensions idéologiques, sociales et politiques, et sur les relations entre l’individu et la société dans les ouvrages de Marcelo Cohen. Le travail s’achève par une réflexion globale sur la poétique et l’esthétique de l’auteur argentin. / This thesis considers such concepts as fictional Geography and fantastic Sociology in Marcelo Cohen’s work (Buenos Aires, 1951).The body of this research includes all the narrative fiction by this author (some twenty tales, short stories and novels in total), between his first collection of stories, Lo que queda (1972), and his novel Balada (2011).Our thesis develops three domains : the first one (« Marcelo Cohen and his work, a theoretical and methodological outlook ») introduces the author and his work, along with a theoretical and practical evaluation of such concepts as fictional Geography and fantastic Sociology ; the second one (« Space in writing ») analyzes the make of space in the selected books, in a dual approach : both chronological and representational ; the last one (« Literature and society ») addresses the expressions of ideological, sociological and political dimensions, plus the relationship between a particular person and his/her society in Marcelo Cohen’s works. This research ends with a global consideration of poetry and estheticism in the work of our Argentinean author.

Le Nouveau Roman est passé à la postérité comme l’un des exemples majeurs d’un moment intransitif de la littérature française. En déstabilisant le traitement de la narration et de l’intrigue, du cadre spatio-temporel, des personnages et des voix, le Nouveau Roman conteste la mimèsis référentielle réaliste pour se tourner vers les aspects formels de la création romanesque. Néanmoins, cela n’est pas un geste gratuit : la déconstruction formaliste, les nouveaux romanciers la revendiquent au nom d’un « nouveau réalisme ». Le Nouveau Roman se veut l’avènement d’une « ère du soupçon » sur les conventions esthétiques et les représentations diffusées par celles-ci. De plus, ce parti pris ne peut se comprendre en dehors d’un contexte historique marqué à la fois par les traumatismes de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et les impératifs de modernisation économique qui de 1946 à 1975 transforment profondément la société française. Loin d’anéantir la référentialité, le Nouveau Roman témoigne d’un conflit avec elle, si bien que sa déconstruction du roman est une reconstruction produisant de nouvelles — parfois pas si nouvelles que cela ? — formes, représentations, manières d’affirmer l’existence de l’homme et de la société. Aussi le Nouveau Roman contribue-t-il à l’imaginaire social de son époque. En proposant une lecture des romans de Michel Butor et d’Alain Robbe-Grillet, cette thèse se penchera sur la tentative néo-romanesque de réinventer et la littérature et le monde. Trois axes d’analyse guident ce travail : le premier porte sur la représentation de l’univers fictionnel parallèlement à une discussion sur le problème de la mimèsis ; le second, sur la poétique des personnages et son rapport à la question de l’identité personnelle ; le troisième, sur le statut de la socialité dans les œuvres, à travers les questions de l’identité collective, de la mémoire et des usages sociaux de la langue. / The nouveau roman passed to posterity as one of the main examples of an intransitive moment of french literature. By destabilizing the narration and the plot, the spatio-temporal framework, the characters and the voices, the Nouveau Roman disputes the realistic referential mimesis and turns itself to formal aspects of novelistic creation. However, this is not a vain gesture: the so-called nouveaux romanciers claim a formalist deconstruction in the name of a “new realism”. The nouveau roman proposes the advent of an “age of suspicion” about the esthetical conventions and the representations disseminated by them. In addition to this, with the purpose of understanding this position, one must take into account its historical context, marked by the traumas of World War II as well as the requirements of the economic modernization, which deeply modifies French society from 1946 to 1975. Far from having annihilated the referentiality, the nouveau roman is in conflict with it, so that its deconstruction of the novel is a reconstruction, creating new–sometimes not so new?–forms, representations, ways to affirm the existence of man and society. Thus, the nouveau roman contributes to the social imaginary of its time. Through a reading of the Michel Butor’s and Alain Robbe-Grillet’s novels, this thesis will focus on this attempt by the nouveau roman to reinvent the literature and the world. Three axes will guide this work: the first concerns the representation of the fictional universe along with a discussion on the mimesis problem; the second, the poetics of characters and its relation to the question of personal identity; the third, the status of sociality in the novels, addressing the questions of the collective identity, the memory and the social uses of language. / O novo romance passou à posteridade como um dos exemplos emblemáticos de um momento intransitivo da literatura francesa. Ao desestabilizar o tratamento da narração e da intriga, do recorte espaço-temporal, das personagens e das vozes, o novo romance contesta a mímesis referencial realista e se volta aos aspectos formais da criação romanesca. Entretanto, não se trata de um gesto gratuito: os novos romancistas reivindicam a desconstrução formalista em nome de um “novo realismo”. O novo romance propõe o advento de uma “era da suspeita” diante das convenções estéticas bem como das representações por elas difundidas. Ademais, tal atitude não pode ser compreendida fora de um contexto histórico marcado ao mesmo tempo pelos traumas da Segunda Guerra Mundial e pelos imperativos de modernização econômica que de 1946 a 1975 transformam profundamente a sociedade francesa. Longe de aniquilar a referencialidade, o novo romance está em conflito com ela, de tal modo que sua desconstrução do romance é uma reconstrução, com a produção de novas — às vezes não tão novas assim? — formas, representações, maneiras de afirmar a existência do homem e da sociedade. Assim, o novo romance contribui com o imaginário social de sua época. Através de uma leitura dos romances de Michel Butor e de Alain Robbe- Grillet, esta tese pretende debruçar-se sobre a tentativa neo-romanesca de reinventar a literatura e o mundo. Três eixos de análise guiam este trabalho: o primeiro trata da representação do universo ficcional paralelamente a uma discussão acerca do problema da mímesis; o segundo, da poética das personagens e de sua relação com a questão da identidade pessoal; o terceiro, do estatuto da socialidade nas obras, abordando as questões da identidade coletiva, da memória e dos usos sociais da língua.

Comment l’imaginaire des lieux issu de la littérature contribue-t-il à valoriser un territoire ? À l’heure où des territoires ruraux, soucieux de renforcer leur attractivité, mènent des actions visant à renouveler leur image, la littérature patrimonialisée peut être considérée comme une ressource : maisons d’écrivains, routes ou sentiers littéraires contribuent ainsi à l’inscription territoriale d’une littérature et de ses imaginaires. Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’invention de tels lieux, à leur animation et à leur intégration territoriale. Elle traite aussi de leur réception et de leur appropriation par les habitants et les touristes. Une analyse statistique des maisons d’écrivain en France dresse une typologie qui souligne les spécificités structurelles, spatiales et organisationnelles de ces lieux polymorphes. En complément,des études de cas renseignent sur la singularité de la relation entre l’auteur et le lieu, et sur la dynamique de la maison en tant que projet de territoire multi-acteurs. Deux méthodes sont mises en œuvre afin de saisir les représentations des visiteurs : une enquête par questionnaire, prolongée par l’analyse d’une voie plus créative et sensible d’expression, les livres d’or. L'analyse des questionnaires souligne la diversité des motifs de visite, non exclusivement littéraires. L'étude des livres d'or met en évidence la dimension immersive d’une expérience où les émotions vont à la rencontre des souvenirs et des imaginaires. Une typologie multiscalaire de parcours littéraires est ensuite réalisée, enrichie par des études de cas. Du Berry à la Provence, des Cévennes au Québec en passant par le Livradois, des parcours littéraires proposent de découvrir une région en compagnie d’un écrivain et de personnages imaginaires. Transcendant l’habituelle démarcation entre le réel et la fiction, ils redéfinissent ainsi la notion d’authenticité. L'ensemble des éléments analysés dans la thèse concourt à qualifier une forme de tourisme combinant connaissance, imaginaire et expérience des lieux, dressant les contours d’une nouvelle pratique touristique de l’espace : celle d’un tourisme littéraire tourné sur l’itinérance et la créativité / How does the imaginary of places stemming from literature contributes to enhance a territory? At a time when rural areas, aspiring to strengthen their attractiveness, take actions to renew their image, the literary heritage can be considered a resource: writers' houses, routes or literary trails thus contribute to the territorial inscription of literature and its imagination. This thesis is interested in the creation of such places, in their animation and in their territorial integration. It also deals with their reception and with their appropriation by the inhabitants and tourists. A statistical analysis of writer's houses in France allows for a typology which underlines the structural, spatial and organizational specificities of these polymorphic places. In addition, case studies inform about the peculiarities of the relation between author and place, and about the dynamics of the house as multi-actors territorial project. Two methods are implemented to seize the visitors’ representations: a survey by questionnaire, extended by the analysis of a more creative and more sensitive way of expression, visitors' log (« livres d’or »). The analysis of questionnaires underlines the diversity of the motives for visits which are not exclusively literary. The study of visitors' log highlights the immersive dimensions of an experience where feelings meet memories and imagination. A multiscalar typology of literary routes is then realized, enriched by case studies. From Berry to Provence, from the Cévennes to Quebec via Livradois, literary routes propose the exploring of a region together with a writer and imaginary characters. They so redefine the notion of authenticity by transcending the usual demarcation between the reality and fiction. All the analyzed elements contribute to consider a form of tourism combining knowledge, imagination and experimentation of places, drawing the outlines of a new tourist practice of space : that of a literary tourism focused on itinerancy and creativity

En se focalisant méthodiquement sur l’étude de « l’imagination du mouvement» (sous-titre de l’ouvrage de 1943 intitulé L’air et les songes), la présente thèse vise avant tout à montrer qu’une véritable philosophie se déploie à travers la poétique de Gaston Bachelard.    Cette dernière articule de façon inédite, dans une perspective dynamiste, une théorie et une pratique de l’imagination dont la portée dépasse de loin le cadre d’une psychologie de la rêverie et de la création littéraire, à laquelle elle demeure trop souvent réduite : le philosophe montre en effet que les images des multiples mouvements qui animent le monde naturel (matériel, végétal, animal) ouvrent le sujet à l’expérience structurante d’une verticalité élémentaire dont le dynamisme défie et édifie sa propre verticalité psycho-physique, en l’aidant à « se tenir droit dans un univers redressé ». L’étude détaillée des images du mouvement permet ainsi de mettre au jour, au delà d’une psychologie originale, la portée ontologique, anthropologique et éthique de l’imagination bachelardienne. Cette étude passe par la mise en œuvre d’une singulière micro-phénoménologie dynamique, permettant une focalisation de l’attention sur les dimensions cognitive, kinesthésique et affective des images, à travers laquelle le « voir » en imagination (Première partie : l’image – mouvement) s’approfondit - dans une progressive incarnation - en « se mouvoir » (Seconde partie : l’image motrice) puis en « s’émouvoir » (Troisième partie : l’image émotive).Toutefois, loin d’enfermer le sujet dans une quelconque forme d’immanence psychologique, cette focalisation de l’attention intensifie sa présence au monde comme à autrui et, par là-même, engage un « agir » (Quatrième partie : l’image – acte) de part en part structuré selon le dynamisme de la verticalité.  La poétique des images de G. Bachelard délivre dès lors bel et bien une philosophie complète, sous-tendue par une pratique concrète de l’imagination, philosophie dont le foyer est une exigeante éthique de la verticalité, soucieuse d’orienter l'ensemble de nos mouvements dans le sens d’une « surexistence ». / By focusing on systematically studying "the imagination of movement" (subtitle of the 1943 book entitled The air and dreams), this thesis is primarily intended to show that a true philosophy unfolds through the poetics of Gaston Bachelard.The latter links in a new way, in a dynamic perspective, a theory and practice of imagination whose scope far exceeds the framework of a psychology of daydream and creative writing, to which it remains too often reduced: the philosopher shows that the images of different movement that animate the natural world (material, plant, animal) open the subject to structuring experience of an elementary verticality whose energy challenges and builds his own psycho-physical verticality. The detailed study of imaginative movement allows to unveil, beyond an original psychology, the ontological, anthropological and ethical meanings of bachelardian imagination.This study involves the implementation of a singular dynamic micro-phenomenology, allowing attention to focus on the cognitive, kinesthesic and affective dimensions of images, and through which the act of "seeing" in imagination (Part one : Seeing : The Movement Image) deepens - in a gradual incarnation – towards body movement (Second part : Moving : the images of motricity) and then towards "being moved" (Part Three : the images of emotion). However, far from locking away the subject in any form of psychological immanence, the focus of attention is intensifying its presence in the world as others and, thereby, involves an "action" (Part Four: Acting : the images of action) structured by the dynamic of verticality.Bachelard’s poetics therefore delivers a complete philosophy, underpinned by concrete practice of the imagination, philosophy whose focus is a demanding ethical verticality, anxious to direct all our movements in the sense of an increased existence.