Les objectifs de la thèse étaient d’identifier le nombre de MTI en développement, d’évaluer prospectivement l’impact financier que produiront les traitements innovants et de rechercher de nouvelles modalités de paiement des MTI pour aider les décideurs publiques à anticiper l’impact des MTI à court et moyen terme sur le budget de l’assurance maladie. Le nombre de MTI en développement est évalué par le dénombrement des essais cliniques des MTI dans 3 bases de données internationales. Cette étude a montré le grand nombre de MTI en développement et susceptible d’arriver sur le marché. L’impact budgétaire des MTI est évalué. Des modèles de Markov ont été développés pour 3 maladies : Alzheimer, Parkinson et l’insuffisance cardiaque. Ensuite, l’impact des MTI dans 35 maladies sera estimé à l’aide des hypothèses. Cette section montre que les prix élevés des MTI seront inabordables, les payeurs ne pourront pas payer le prix de tous les MTI à l’avance. Une identification des modèles de paiement des thérapies innovantes est effectuée via une revue de la littérature. Ces modèles ont été évalués et discutés durant une réunion d’experts puis un modèle de paiement optimal pour les MTI est suggéré. Des recommandations stratégiques sont présentées pour aider les industriels et les décideurs publiques à assurer l’accès des patients aux thérapies innovantes tout en maintenant la pérennité de l’assurance maladie et évitant la faillite. / The objectives of this thesis were to identify the magnitude of the ATMPs pipeline, to assess the budget impact of ATMPs and to suggest new funding models for ATMPs in order to help decision-makers to anticipate the hypothetical short and medium term budget impact of such products. The magnitude of ATMPs pipeline was evaluated by identifying the number and characteristics of ATMPs clinical trials in 3 worldwide clinical trials databases. A large number of ATMPs are in development (939 clinical trials) and may successfully reach the market. Overall, the results showed that the number of ATMPs clinical trials has been consistently growing over the past 15 years. The budget impact of ATMPs was assessed. Markov models were developed to assess the cost-effectiveness and budget impact for ATMPs using 5 efficacy scenarios in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer’s disease and heart failure. Then, an estimation of the budget impact of 35 ATMPs was conducted suggesting that an ATMP can cure all patients. We have shown in this chapter that a cost-effective ATMP may be unaffordable; payers will not be able to pay upfront the costs of all ATMPs. The traditional funding models may not be adaptable for ATMPs. The proposed funding models for innovative high-cost therapies were identified through a literature review, discussed during a consensus meeting and an optimal funding model for ATMPs was recommended.Finally, health policy recommendations for the stakeholders – patients, physicians, payers and manufacturers – are presented. These recommendations aim to help to ensure patient access to innovation while maintaining the sustainability of healthcare system.

Cette thèse, intégrée dans le projet Cosmet’eau et la phase 4 du programme OPUR, apporte de nouveaux éclairages sur la dynamique des parabènes, du triclosan et du triclocarban en milieu urbain sous forte pression anthropique. Ces molécules sont des biocides couramment utilisés en tant que conservateur dans de très nombreux produits de consommation courante comme les cosmétiques, les produits alimentaires ou pharmaceutiques, les textiles, les produits d’entretien. En dépit de leur toxicité, ces molécules ne font l’objet d’aucun suivi réglementaire dans l’environnement. Aussi, ce travail porte sur la dynamique de ces micropolluants en milieu urbain : de leurs sources (à savoir les eaux grises et eaux vannes) jusqu’au milieu récepteur (amont-aval de l’agglomération parisienne par échantillonnage ponctuel et passif) en intégrant leur comportement en station d’épuration à l’échelle de l’ouvrage.Au niveau des sources, cinq types d’eau grise issus de douche, lavabo, lave-linge, lave-vaisselle et vaisselle manuelle ont été considérés. Une variabilité importante des concentrations au sein de chacune des eaux grises et entre les différents types d’eau grise a été observée. Cette variabilité est le reflet des pratiques de consommation des différents volontaires. Au final, les eaux des lave-linge et douche sont les plus contaminées. Pour les parabènes, le linge est la source majoritaire de contamination des eaux de lave-linge, dans le cas des eaux de douche, les personnes et les produits de soins corporels sont les principales sources de contamination.Depuis 2010, les flux quotidiens par habitant de ces molécules ont diminué significativement (d’un facteur compris entre 2 et 7 suivant la molécule). Cette diminution s’explique par (i) les changements de formulation des produits cosmétiques et (ii) l’apparition de nouvelles réglementations plus contraignantes.Le suivi du devenir en station d’épuration (sur Seine Centre), à l’échelle de l’ouvrage, a montré que le traitement primaire (décantation physico-chimique lamellaire) permet un abattement quasi-total du triclosan, les parabènes sont majoritairement éliminés lors de la biofiltration notamment au niveau du premier étage (Biofor). La généralisation d’un traitement tertiaire (du type Carboplus® suivi lors de ce travail) permettrait de réduire ces rejets.Les rejets urbains par temps de pluie (ici les déversoirs d’orage) constituent une source importante de contamination pour le milieu récepteur au regard des niveaux que nous avons observé. La combinaison des rejets des stations d’épuration, par temps sec et par temps de pluie, et des déversoirs d’orage contribue à augmenter les niveaux en parabènes, triclosan et triclocarban de la Seine comme le suivi de deux stations de mesure en amont et aval de l’agglomération parisienne l’a mis en évidence. Les échantillonneurs passifs sont des outils prometteurs pour déterminer la fraction biodisponible du TCS et du TCC. En effet, la méthode développée dans le cadre du projet Cosmet’eau a été appliquée avec succès à la Seine. / This Phd thesis is part of both the Cosmet’Eau project and the OPUR programme. It provides new insights into the dynamics of parabens, triclosan and triclocarban in urban areas under strong human pressure. These molecules are biocides commonly used as preservatives in a wide range of consumer products, such as cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical products, textiles and cleaning products. Despite their toxicity, these molecules are not subject to any regulatory monitoring in the environment. Also, this work deals with the dynamics of these micropollutants in urban areas: from their sources (namely gray water and sewage) to the receiving environment (upstream-downstream of the Parisian conurbation with punctual and passive sampling) along with their behavior at different stages of a wastewater treatment plant.At the source level, five types of greywater from shower, washbasin, washing machine, dishwasher and manual dish washing were considered. Significant variability in concentrations within each greywater and between different types of greywater was observed. This variability reflects the consumption practices of the different volunteers. Besides, the waters from washing machines and showers are the most contaminated. For parabens, clothes are the main source of contamination of washing machine waters, while in shower waters, people and personal care products are the main sources of contamination.Since 2010, per capita daily flows of these molecules have decreased significantly (by a factor between 2 and 7 depending on the molecule). This decrease can be explained by (i) changes in the formulation of cosmetic products and (ii) the emergence of new, more restrictive regulations. The monitoring of the fate in wastewater treatment plant (Seine Centre), at the scale of the device, showed that primary treatment (lamellar physico-chemical decantation) allows a quasi-total removal of triclosan, while parabens are predominantly eliminated during the biofiltration, at the level of the first stage (Biofor). The general use of a tertiary treatment (like Carboplus®, studied during this work) would reduce discharges to receiving waters of parabens, triclosan and triclocarban.Urban discharges during wet weather period (here combined sewer overfows) constitute a major source of contamination for the receiving waters with respect to the measured levels. The combination of sewage treatment plant discharges, during dry and wet weather periods, and combined sewer overfows contributes to increasing levels of parabens, triclosan and triclocarban in the Seine River, as the monitoring of two sites, upstream and downstream of the Paris conurbation, has highlighted it. Passive samplers are promising tools for determining the bioavailable fraction of TCS and TCC. Indeed, the method developed within the framework of the Cosmet'eau project has been successfully applied to the Seine

The thesis deals with measuring impact of documentary films on attitudes and behavior of the audience. The theoretical basis of this thesis is the assumption that social impact is a dynamic process where the engagement of an individual can lead to change of attitudes and behavior, and the individual's influence on others can change the society. Another assumption is that the impact on an individual is influenced by emotional and rational involvement. The third assumption is that the impact on the viewer changes over time when the extent of short-term impact after seeing the movie is bigger than extent of the impact measured with delay. The analytical part is devoted to the application of the method of repeated questioning, which allows to capture the development of the impact on the viewer over time. Within this thesis, a secondary analysis of quantitative data gathered in research of impact of films on ecological topic screened in film festival One World has been conducted. In addition, a thematic analysis of the in-depth interviews was conducted. These interviews have been carried out in order to establish the reasons and ways in which films impact the viewers. The conclusion of this thesis is that differences can be observed between the short and long-term impact on viewers in specific areas of...

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Preservation and protection of the head segment is of upmost importance due to the criticality of the functions entailed in this section of the body by the brain and the nervous system. Numerous events in daily life situations such as transportation and sports pose threats of injuries that may end or change a person’s life. In the European Union, statistics report that almost 4.2 million of road users are injured non-fatally, out of which 18% is represented by motorcyclist and 40% by cyclists, being head injuries 34% for bicyclists, and 24% for two-wheeled motor vehicles. Not only vehicles, are a source of injuries for the human head according to the injury report, 6,1 million people are admitted in hospitals for sports related injuries, where sports such as hockey, swimming, cycling presented head injuries up to 28%, 25% and 16% respectively (European Association for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, 2013).  According to records the vast majority of head crashes result in an oblique impact (Thibault & Gennarelli, 1985). These types of impacts are characterized for involving a rotation of the head segment which is correlated with serious head injuries. Even though there is plenty of evidence suggesting the involvement of rotational forces current helmet development standards and regulations fail to recognize their importance and account only for translational impact tests. This thesis contains an evaluation for a different developed method for testing oblique impacts. In consequence a new test rig was constructed with basis on a guided free fall of a helmeted dummy head striking an oblique (angled) anvil which will induce rotation. The results obtained are intended to be subjected to a comparison with another oblique test rig that performs experiments utilizing a movable sliding plate which when impacted induces the rotation of a dropped helmeted dummy head. The outcome will solidify the presence of rotational forces at head-anvil impact and offer an alternative testing method. After setting up the new test rig; experiments were conducted utilizing bicycle helmets varying the velocities before impact from 5m/s to 6m/s crashing an angled anvil of 45°. Results showed higher peak resultant values for rotational accelerations and rotational velocities in the new test rig compared to the movable plate impact test, indicating that depending on the impact situation the “Normal Force” has a direct effect on the rotational components. On the other hand a performed finite element analysis predicted that the best correlation between both methods is when the new angled anvil impact test is submitted to crashes with a velocity before impact of 6 m/s at 45° and the movable sliding impact test to a resultant velocity vector of 7,6m/s with an angle of 30° . In conclusion the new test method is meant to provide a comparison between two different test rigs that will undoubtedly have a part in the analysis for helmet and head safety improvements.

STARKA Betongelement AB är ett privatägt företag med fokus på att tillverka prefabricerade betongelement. STARKA jobbar allt från projektering, tillverkning och montering av betongelement. Den process som framförallt studeras är deras projekteringsprocess, här planeras de olika elementen som ska tillverkas samt monteras. För tillverkningen samt montagen framställs ritningar som underlag för detta arbete, dessa ritningar består av detaljritningar. Framställningen av dessa detaljeringar är i dagsläget en tidskrävande process, därav är syftet av arbetet att kunna utveckla en effektivare arbetsmetod som kan både underlätta för konstruktörer samt minska den krävande arbetstiden. Under arbetet följs Design thinking processen som metod vid framtagning av lösningskonceptet. Metoden består av fyra grundläggande faser, med start att skapa förståelse för det problem som antagits. Vidare studeras området kring de problemet, genom olika litteraturstudier, observationer, intervjuer samt olika tester. Efter att ha format en bra grund, skapas olika idéer för hur problemet ska lösas. Slutligen implementeras det slutliga lösningskonceptet på verksamheten samt utvärderas. Resultat består av ett AutoLISP-program som samlar alla nödvändiga funktioner under ett program, för framtagning av detaljritningar till produktionen. De funktioner som förekommer i programmet är följande: måttsättning av detaljer, godsmåttsättning, snittlinje, armeringstext samt hitsymbol. Funktioner och dess specifikationer som används i programmet har identifierats genom intervjuer och observationer med konstruktörerna på STARKA. För montageritningar har två olika lösningar utvecklats, där den första angriper problemet som konstruktörer har vid framtagning av komplicerade detaljer. Detta uppnås genom att utnyttja konstruktionens 3D-modell för att generera de eftersträvade detaljritningar. Den andra lösningen har sitt fokus på att generalisera olika standarddetaljer samt eliminera överflödig information, så som yttermått. Detta skapar i sin tur en bättre förutsättning för fler generella detaljer som kan återanvändas i nya ritningar för att bespara arbetstid. Som slutsats för produktionsritningar, underlättas arbetet genom att programmet samlar alla nödvändiga funktioner. Eftersom funktionerna har sina förinsatta specifikationer, uppstår inget behov att konfigurera de i efterhand och insättningen blir korrekt från första steget. Konstruktörerna har funnit lösningen hjälpsam samt har förenklat deras arbete genom att effektivisera handpåläggning och korta ned arbetstid. Gällande montageritningar, anses användningen av 3D-modeller vara väldigt krävande för datorer, men ett bra hjälpmedel vid komplicerade detaljer. För de vanliga detaljerna underlättar det att kunna använda generaliserade standarddetaljer för att slippa skapa och redigera nya till varje projekt. / STARKA Betongelement AB is a privately owned company with a focus on manufacturing prefabricated concrete elements. STARKA works with everything from design, manufacturing to the assembly of concrete elements. The process that is mainly studied is their design process, here the different elements are planned to be manufactured and assembled. For the manufacture and assembly, drawings are produced as a basis for this work, these drawings consist of detailed drawings. The creation of these details is currently a time-consuming process; hence, this study aims to develop a more efficient working method that can both make it easier for designers and reduce demanding working hours. During the work, the design thinking process is followed as a method when developing the solution. The method consists of four primary phases, starting with understanding the problem that has been given. Furthermore, the area of the problem is studied, through various literature studies, observations, interviews and various tests. After forming a good foundation, different ideas are created to solve the problem. Finally, the final solution is implemented at the company and the implementation was evaluated. Results consist of an AutoLISP-program that consists of all the necessary functions under one program, to create the detailed drawings for production. The functions that appear in the program are as follows: measurement of details, in-cast goods measurement, cut line, reinforcement text and “hitsymbol”. Features and their specifications used in the program have been identified through interviews and observations with the engineers at STARKA. For assembly drawings, two different solutions have been developed, the first of which tackles engineers' problems in creating complicated details. This is achieved by utilizing the construction’s 3D-model to create the desired detailed drawings. The second solution focuses on generalizing different standard parts and eliminating excess information, such as external dimensions. This in turn creates a better prerequisite for more general details that can be reused in new drawings to save working time. s a conclusion for production drawings, the work is facilitated by the program consist of all the necessary functions. Since the features have their pre-inserted specifications, there is no need to configure them afterwards and the insertion becomes correct from the first step. The designers have found the solution helpful and have simplified their work by making “handpåläggning” more efficient and reducing working hours. “Handpåläggning” consist of the functions and methods that the engineers at STARKA use to finalize the drawings. Regarding assembly drawings, the use of 3D-models is considered to be very demanding on computers, but good assistance in complicated details. The standard details make it easier to use standard generalized details to avoid creating and editing new ones for each project.

Title: Experimental study of electron and ion temperatures in impact plasmas Author: Samuel Kočiščák Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science - DSPS Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jiří Pavlů, Ph.D., DSPS Abstract: In-situ analysis of a hypervelocity grain impact is a complex discipline, making use of multiple physical phenomena. An important one, if not the most important one, being a dust impact ionisation. Future experiments could benefit substantially from better understanding of the phenomenon. The goal of this work was a study of the impact ionisation per-se, with the objective: to experimentally determine the effective temperatures of post-impact charged ejecta. Importance of this parameter is obvious, although different approaches scarcely ever report similar results. Our way was the analysis in a retarding potential analyzer. Firstly, large data set of laboratory data from dust accelerator was analyzed, secondly a Monte Carlo study of the results and the analyzer itself was performed. Lastly, recommendations for future in-situ experiments are provided based on our results. Keywords: impact plasmas cosmic dust impact ionization

The authors' analysis of 291 family business articles published in 30 management journals between 2001 and 2007 reports the contributions of individual scholars and academic institutions to family business research. To better understand the interrelationships among scholars who have contributed to family business research, a network analysis of coauthor relationships was conducted. The authors also provide a content analysis of the articles and offer suggestions for future research. By analyzing the who, where, and what of family business research, the reasons why the developmental trends have occurred and how the field's momentum can be maintained and directed toward productive ends become clearer.

Thesis (LLM. (Development and Management Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an environmental tool used to assess possible and expected adverse impact that might occur as a result of a proposed developmental project, in a vulnerable area and environment. All project developments must be socially, environmentally and economically sustainable. For any such projects to be sustainable, Environmental Impact Assessment must be conducted as a prerequisite for the development of the projects. This must be done in compliance with environmental legislation, to ensure that proposed developments benefit current and future generations, while at the same time protecting the environment. Environmental degradation must be minimized, where possible prevented for environmental protection, and sustainability

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto financiero y tributario de la NIC 36: Deterioro del Valor de los Activos en empresas del sector comercial de útiles de oficina, insumos de cómputo y papelería de Lima, Año 2017. Para el desarrollo de la presente tesis se tiene como respaldo la Norma Internacional Contable 36, que se ejecutó a partir del 31 de Marzo del 2004. La NIC 36 nos señala establecer las políticas y procedimientos que una entidad debe aplicar para realizar un correcto cálculo de las estimaciones; asi como su registro utilizando como base de criterio el importe recuperable, para mostrar los importes correctos en los Estados Financieros. Capitulo I Marco teórico, se realiza una investigación de fuentes primarias para obtener información de las normas internacionales de información financiera (NIIFs), impacto financiero y tributario, que permite respaldar la investigación. En el capitulo II se trata de plantear la situación problemática del tema, el problema principal, el objetivo principal y específicos, la hipótesis principal y específicos para que sean validadas en la investigación. El capitulo III Metodologia de investigación se define la población y la muestra para la realizacion de la investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa. El capitulo IV se realiza la investigación a través de las entrevistas, encuestas y el desarrollo del caso practico. Capitulo V Analisis de resultados, se realiza el análisis de los instrumentos y el caso practico. Y se culmina con la validación de las hipótesis por medio de los resultados obtenidos en el CHI cuadrado. / The objective of this research is to evaluate the financial and tax impact of IAS 36: Impairment of Assets in companies in the commercial sector of office supplies, computer supplies and stationery in Lima, Year 2017. For the development of this thesis the International Accounting Standard 36, which was executed as of March 31, 2004, is supported. IAS 36 indicates that we establish the policies and procedures that an entity must apply in order to calculate the estimates correctly; as well as its registration using the recoverable amount as a criterion basis, to show the correct amounts in the Financial Statements. Chapter I Theoretical framework, an investigation of primary sources is made to obtain information of the international financial information standards (IFRS), financial and tax impact, which allows to support the investigation. In chapter II, we try to state the problematic situation of the subject, the main problem, the main and specific objective, the main and specific hypothesis to be validated in the investigation. Chapter III Research methodology is defined population and sample for the realization of qualitative and quantitative research. Chapter IV carries out the research through interviews, surveys and the development of the practical case. Chapter V Analysis of results, the analysis of the instruments and the practical case is carried out. And it culminates with the validation of the hypotheses by means of the results obtained in the square CHI. / Tesis