This diploma thesis focuses on designing impulse stage steam turbine to be used as the feed pump drive. I consecutively carried out thermodynamic calculation, seals and bearings layouts, with the aim to determine the steam mass flow through the turbine. Furthermore, I conducted turbine blade toughness check-ups, determined the rotor critical rotational speed, check-up rotor critical place (bearing pin) for torsion, and created a clutch screws design. The final part of this thesis pursues the other operating states of the turbine. This thesis is amended by a mechanical drawing of the turbine transection.

Ce travail de thèse cherche à s’interroger sur la pratique du pianiste soliste, interprète de la musique dite « pure » ou absolue. Nous nous appuyons pour cela sur plusieurs réflexions psychanalytiques à propos de la musique. En psychanalyse, la musique vocale ou instrumentale est abordée à partir de l’objet de la « pulsion invocante » qu’est la voix. Nous concevons la « voix instrumentale » produite par le pianiste et son instrument comme étant une prothèse de la voix chantée humaine. Nous nous appuyons également sur la notion d’« humain augmenté », apparue dans les années 1990, pour faire l’hypothèse que la musique pour piano est une voix augmentée. L’objectif du pianiste est de pouvoir s’exprimer à travers ce que nous avons nommé la « voix prothétique augmentée ». Pour s’exprimer à travers cette « voix prothétique augmentée », le pianiste doit d’abord faire transcender son propre corps, car le support de cette voix est ses gestes corporels. / This thesis seeks to question the practice of a piano soloist – the interpreter of so-called “pure” or absolute music – drawing on several psychoanalytical reflections about music. In psychoanalysis, vocal or instrumental music is approached from the object of the “invocative impulse” – the voice. We perceive the “instrumental voice”, produced by the pianist and his or her instrument, as being a prosthesis of the singing human voice. We also draw on the notion of the “augmented human”, which first appeared in the 1990s, to form the hypothesis that music for piano is itself an augmented voice. The objective of the pianist is to be able to express him or herself through what we have termed the “prosthetic augmented voice”. To express him or herself through this “prosthetic augmented voice”, the pianist has to, first of all, transcend his or her own body. This is because the support of this voice is in fact his or her own body gestures.

Hintergrund: Systematische Darstellungen zur Diagnostik und Verhaltenstherapie von sexuellen Gewalttätern mit psychischen Störungen fehlen im deutschen Sprachraum fast völlig. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden deshalb für diese kleine, aber besonders gefährliche Tätergruppe die auf der Basis des DSM IV hauptsächlich relevanten Diagnosen (Paraphilie und Störung der Impulskontrolle) und für diese Störungen geeignete Behandlungsmethoden vorgestellt. Methoden: Merkmale, die Paraphile und Impulskontrollgestörte im Hinblick auf Lerngeschichte, sexuelle Präferenz und tatauslösende Bedingungen differenzieren, werden dabei hervorgehoben. Weiterhin wird eine erste Validierungsstudie vorgestellt, in der untersucht wurde, inwieweit sich beide Störungsgruppen hinsichtlich Impulsivität, sozialer Angst, Konfliktvermeidung und dysfunktionaler Selbstaufmerksamkeit unterscheiden. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die vorgeschlagene Kategorisierung valide ist und dass sich Paraphile und Impulskontrollgestörte psychologisch bedeutsam voneinander differenzieren lassen. Schlussfolgerungen: Auf dieser Basis lassen sich Aussagen über störungsspezifisch relevante Behandlungselemente ableiten. Unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen bei Paraphilen bzw. Impulskontrollgestörten werden für folgende Bereiche skizziert: Aufbau einer therapeutischen Beziehung, Änderung der sexuellen Präferenzen, Training sozialer Fertigkeiten und der Konfliktbewältigung, Modifikation dysfunktionaler Kognitionen und Rückfallprävention. / Background: Systematic work regarding the diagnostics and behavior therapy of violent sex offenders with mental disorders is mostly lacking in German publications. Therefore, this study presents the diagnoses which are mainly relevant for this small but particularly dangerous group of offenders on the basis of DSM IV (paraphilia and impulse control disorders) and describes specifically indicated interventions. Methods: Characteristic features are emphasized which differentiate paraphiliacs and offenders with an impulse control disorder with regard to learning history, sexual preferences, and the stimulus conditions which triggered the offense. Further, a validation study is presented which examined the differences between both disorders concerning impulsivity, social anxiety, avoidance of interpersonal conflicts, and dysfunctional self-consciousness. Results: Results showed that the proposed categorization is valid and that paraphiliacs and offenders with an impulse control disorder can be psychologically useful differentiated. Conclusions: In this framework, first conclusions can be drawn regarding the treatment elements which are considered to be relevant for disorder-specific therapy. Different procedures for the treatment of paraphiliacs and offenders with an impulse control disorder are described for the following areas: establishment of a therapeutic relationship, modification of sexual preferences, training of social and coping skills, conflict management, modification of cognitive distortions, and relapse prevention. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Introduction – Shopping groceries online has had an explosive growth in relation with Covid-19 pandemic, where consumers have been restricted and has had to re-prioritize how and where they shop, which has forced new habits and consumer behaviors. Grocery stores are constantly trying to influence consumers’ buying behaviors through a number of different promotional tools to get a response from consumers. Purpose – The purpose of our study is to examine how the adoption process is affected when consumers start shopping groceries online and gain a deeper understanding of how consumer behavior has changed. Theoretical frame of references – The theoretical frame of reference is based on previous research on food trade via the internet and factors that influence consumer behavior. The areas that we have identified as important for analyzing our empirical data with theories are: The adoption process, perceived customer values, online promotion and impulse buying behavior. Methodology – Based on the purpose of the study, we have chosen to do a qualitative study with a deductive approach. The collected material consisted 6 personal interviews where we chose a semi-structured interview method. The collected material has been transcribed and analyzed based on the thematic analysis method. Results – The results of the study showed that there are several factors that affect the respondents’ consumer behavior. However, our results show the importance of situational factors in understanding why consumers start and interrupt their online grocery shopping. Furthermore, our results indicate that online grocery shopping has attracted a wider range of consumers in relation with Covid-19 pandemic, thus affecting consumers by various factors depending on the type of buying behavior consumers have. Contribution – The study contributes both practically and theoretically where we have developed a new model that grocery stores can use to strength the motivation and influence consumers’ buying behavior through a dynamic marketing strategy. / Inledning - Att handla livsmedel via nätet har haft en explosionsartad tillväxt i samband med Covid-19 pandemin där konsumenter har blivit begränsade och har fått omprioriterat hur och var de handlar, vilket har tvingat fram nya vanor och konsumentbeteenden. Livsmedelsbutiker försöker ständigt påverka konsumenternas köpbeteenden genom ett antal olika promotionverktyg för att få en respons från konsumenterna. Syfte - Syftet med denna studie är att förklara hur adoptionsprocessen påverkas när konsumenter börjar handla livsmedel via nätet och få en djupare förståelse för hur konsumentbeteendet förändrats. Teoretisk referensram - Den teoretiska referensramen är uppbyggd på tidigare forskning om handel av livsmedel via nätet och faktorer som påverkar konsumentbeteendet. De områden som vi har identifierat som viktiga för att analysera vår empiri med teorier är: Adoptionsprocessen, upplevda kundvärden, online promotion och impulsköpbeteendet. Metod - Utifrån studiens syfte har vi valt att göra en kvalitativ studie med en deduktiv ansats. Det insamlade materialet bestod av 6 personliga intervjuer där vi valde en semistrukturerad intervjumetod. Det insamlade materialet har transkriberats och analyserats utifrån den tematiska analysmetoden. Resultat - I studiens resultat framkom att det finns flera faktorer som påverkar respondenternas konsumentbeteende. Dels visar vårt resultat situationsfaktorernas betydelse för att förstå varför konsumenter börjar och avbryter sin handel av livsmedel via nätet. Vidare tyder vårt resultat på att handel av livsmedel via nätet har tilldragit sig ett bredare spektrum av konsumenter i samband med Covid-19 pandemin, således påverkas konsumenterna av olika faktorer beroende på vilken typ av köpbeteende konsumenterna har. Bidrag - Studien bidrar både praktiskt och teoretiskt där vi har tagit fram en ny modell som livsmedelsbutiker kan använda för att stärka motivationen och påverka konsumenternas köpbeteende genom en mer dynamisk marknadsföringsstrategi.

Despite our understanding of the impact of noise-induced damage to the auditory system, much less is known about the impact of noise exposure on the vestibular system. In this article, we review the anatomical, physiological, and functional evidence for noise-induced damage to peripheral and central vestibular structures. Morphological studies in several animal models have demonstrated cellular damage throughout the peripheral vestibular system and particularly in the otolith organs; however, there is a paucity of data on the effect of noise exposure on human vestibular end organs. Physiological studies have corroborated morphological studies by demonstrating disruption across vestibular pathways with otolith-mediated pathways impacted more than semicircular canal-mediated pathways. Similar to the temporary threshold shifts observed in the auditory system, physiological studies in animals have suggested a capacity for recovery following noise-induced vestibular damage. Human studies have demonstrated that diminished sacculo-collic responses are related to the severity of noise-induced hearing loss, and dose-dependent vestibular deficits following noise exposure have been corroborated in animal models. Further work is needed to better understand the physiological and functional consequences of noise-induced vestibular impairment in animals and humans.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar la influencia de los rasgos del consumidor y las acciones de marketing de las empresas de retail, como lo son las exhibiciones y promociones, en las compras por impulso en una situación de pandemia como la actual. La investigación propone un modelo reflexivo de segundo orden, donde los rasgos del consumidor se presentan a través de tres dimensiones: tendencia de compras por impulso, tendencia de disfrute de compras y materialismo. El modelo propone que, en los actuales tiempos, los rasgos del consumidor tienen un impacto positivo en las compras por impulso por encima de algunas acciones de marketing. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de una encuesta virtual de 393 mujeres que habían comprado en retailers minoristas de ropa femenina de manera presencial. El modelo se estimó mediante la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales basada en la varianza (PLS-SEM). Los resultados demostraron que tanto los rasgos del consumidor como la exhibición de los productos tienen un efecto positivo en las compras por impulso; sin embargo, al contrario de lo que se puede prever, las promociones no tienen un efecto significativo sobre estas compras. Acto seguido, se presentan las implicancias, limitaciones y futuras investigaciones. / The objective of this work is to investigate the influence of consumer traits and the marketing actions of retail companies, such as exhibitions and promotions, on impulse purchases in a pandemic situation such as the current one. The research proposes a second-order reflexive model, where consumer traits are presented through three dimensions: impulse buying tendency, shopping enjoyment tendency, and materialism. The model proposes that, in current times, consumer traits have a positive impact on impulse purchases over some marketing actions. The data was obtained through a virtual survey of 393 women who had shopped at women's clothing retailers in person. The model was estimated using the variance-based structural equation technique (PLS-SEM). The results showed that both consumer traits and product display have a positive effect on impulse purchases; however, contrary to what might be expected, promotions do not have a significant effect on these purchases. Then, the implications, limitations and future research are presented. / Tesis / PE

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar la influencia de los rasgos del consumidor y las acciones de marketing de las empresas de retail, como lo son las exhibiciones y promociones, en las compras por impulso en una situación de pandemia como la actual. La investigación propone un modelo reflexivo de segundo orden, donde los rasgos del consumidor se presentan a través de tres dimensiones: tendencia de compras por impulso, tendencia de disfrute de compras y materialismo. El modelo propone que, en los actuales tiempos, los rasgos del consumidor tienen un impacto positivo en las compras por impulso por encima de algunas acciones de marketing. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de una encuesta virtual de 393 mujeres que habían comprado en retailers minoristas de ropa femenina de manera presencial. El modelo se estimó mediante la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales basada en la varianza (PLS-SEM). Los resultados demostraron que tanto los rasgos del consumidor como la exhibición de los productos tienen un efecto positivo en las compras por impulso; sin embargo, al contrario de lo que se puede prever, las promociones no tienen un efecto significativo sobre estas compras. Acto seguido, se presentan las implicancias, limitaciones y futuras investigaciones. / The objective of this work is to investigate the influence of consumer traits and the marketing actions of retail companies, such as exhibitions and promotions, on impulse purchases in a pandemic situation such as the current one. The research proposes a second-order reflexive model, where consumer traits are presented through three dimensions: impulse buying tendency, shopping enjoyment tendency, and materialism. The model proposes that, in current times, consumer traits have a positive impact on impulse purchases over some marketing actions. The data was obtained through a virtual survey of 393 women who had shopped at women's clothing retailers in person. The model was estimated using the variance-based structural equation technique (PLS-SEM). The results showed that both consumer traits and product display have a positive effect on impulse purchases; however, contrary to what might be expected, promotions do not have a significant effect on these purchases. Then, the implications, limitations and future research are presented. / Tesis / PE

Au-delà des symptômes moteurs, la maladie de Parkinson (MP) est également caractérisée par une myriade de symptômes neuropsychiatriques allant de l’apathie et la dépression aux troubles du contrôle des impulsions (TCI). Les TCI représentent un groupe d’addictions comportementales incluant le jeu pathologique, l’hypersexualité et les achats faits de manière compulsive. Observés chez 10 à 14 % des patients parkinsoniens sous traitement dopaminergique, ils affectent fortement leur qualité de vie. L’impulsivité cognitive reflétant notamment l’incapacité à tolérer les délais de renforcements, est au cœur des TCI. En effet, différentes études suggèrent que cette impulsivité serait exacerbée dans la MP et sous traitements dopaminergiques. Cependant, les mécanismes sous-tendant les TCI dans la MP demeurent méconnus, et la contribution respective de la lésion, du traitement dopaminergique, et de certains facteurs de vulnérabilité reste à déterminer. De plus, l’impulsivité d’attente, une autre forme de déficit d’inhibition qui peut conduire au développement de comportements compulsifs, a été peu étudiée dans le cadre des TCI.L’objectif de ce projet de thèse a été d’évaluer l’influence d’une dénervation dopaminergique de la voie nigrostriée, avec ou sans adjonction d’agoniste dopaminergique, sur le développement d’impulsivité. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé un modèle lésionnel des troubles non-moteurs de la MP. Ces rats ont reçu une injection bilatérale de neurotoxine 6-OHDA dans la SNc, afin d’induire une dénervation sélective, bilatérale et partielle du striatum dorsal. Ils ont ensuite été traités avec du pramipexole, un agoniste des récepteurs D2/3, connu pour favoriser le développement de TCI chez les patients parkinsoniens. Les tâches d’intolérance au délai et de réaction en série à 5 choix (5-CSRTT) ont été utilisées pour évaluer respectivement l’impulsivité cognitive et l’impulsivité d’attente. Dans le premier paradigme, les rats doivent appuyer sur un levier pour choisir entre une petite récompense immédiate, ou une plus grosse récompense, avec un un délai. Dans le second paradigme, ils doivent inhiber l’émission d’une réponse motrice jusqu’à l’apparition d’un stimulus lumineux. Le traitement chronique au pramipexole augmente considérablement les choix impulsifs effectués dans la tâche d’intolérance au délai, mais seulement chez les rats non lésés. En effet, la lésion dopaminergique seule ou avec le traitement ne favorise pas les comportements impulsifs. Dans la tâche de 5-CSRTT, le pramipexole semble également promouvoir l’émission de réponses prématurées (effet pro-impulsif), lorsque l’intervalle inter-essais est constant. Cependant, lorsque cet intervalle augmente, le pramipexole provoque à l’inverse une diminution des réponses prématurées (effet anti-impulsif). Cette modulation d’impulsivité étant seulement observée chez les rats hautement impulsifs, ceci suggère qu’un endophénotype impulsif puisse être un facteur de vulnérabilité à l’effet iatrogène du pramipexole.A l’échelle neuronale, ce traitement favorise la surexpression des ARNm codants pour les récepteurs dopaminergiques D2 dans le striatum et y modifie la connectivité glutamatergique telle qu’observée en microscopie électronique. De plus, nous avons observé une suractivation de la voie mTORC1 dans le noyau accumbens, comme déjà constaté dans les processus addictifs. Afin d’apporter un lien causal à cette étude, nous avons bloqué l’activité de la voie mTORC1 par un inhibiteur spécifique, la rapamycine, chez des rats traités au pramipexole. Etonnamment, cette combinaison accentue fortement l’intolérance au délai, alors que la rapamycine seule ne provoque aucun effet notable. Ceci pourrait s’expliquer par une cinétique d’activation et d’inhibition complexe de cette voie. L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que l’impulsivité observée dans la MP serait causée par une action iatrogène du pramipexole via une activation anormale de la voie mTORC1 dans le noyau accumbens. / Beyond motor symptoms, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is also characterized by a plethora of neuropsychiatric deficits, ranging from apathy and depression to Impulse control disorders (ICDs). ICDs represent a complex group of behavioral addictions including gambling disorders, hypersexuality and compulsive shopping, displayed by 10 to 14% of PD patients under dopamine replacement therapies, whose quality of life is greatly diminished. Importantly, cognitive impulsivity reflecting in particular, an inability to tolerate delays to reinforcements, appears as a core symptom of ICDs. Indeed, recent evidence suggested that this kind of impulsivity would be exacerbated in PD and under treatment by dopaminergic D2/3 receptor agonists. However, the mechanisms underlying ICDs in PD remain unknown and the respective contribution of dopamine lesion and treatment, combined with factors of vulnerability, remain to be determined. Moreover, waiting impulsivity, another form of behavioral inhibition which may lead to compulsive behaviors, has been poorly investigated in the framework of ICDs.In this thesis project, using a lesional rodent model of non-motor symptoms of PD, we addressed the question of whether denervation of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system would promote the development of impulsivity when combined with dopamine agonist treatments. Rats were bilaterally injected in the SNc with the neurotoxin 6-OHDA to induce selective and partial denervation of the dorsal striatum. We then treated them with the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist, pramipexole, a medication known to favor the development of ICDs in PD patients. Two different tasks were used to measure cognitive and motor impulsivity: the delay discounting task (DDT) and the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) respectively. In the former, rats have to press a lever and choose between a smaller, but immediate reward and a larger, but delayed reward. For the latter, they have to wait for a stimulus light to come on. In the DDT, chronic administration of pramipexole treatment only increased impulsive choices in non-lesioned rats. Indeed, the dopaminergic lesion by itself, or in adjunction with the treatment, did not increase impulsivity. In the 5-CSRTT, pramipexole progressively increased premature responses, reflecting a pro-impulsive effect when the inter-trial interval is constant. However, when the interval was increased, pramipexole reduced the premature responses, exhibiting an anti-impulsive effect. Interestingly, this modulation of motor impulsivity was only observed in rats with a high level of impulsivity, suggesting that an impulsive endophenotype might be an important factor of vulnerability to the iatrogenic effects of pramipexole.The effect of this treatment was then investigated at a cellular level. It promotes overexpression of the dopamine D2 receptor mRNA within the striatum, and seems to alter glutamatergic synaptic connectivity suggested by electron microscopy. Moreover, we showed that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway is lastingly over-activated in the nucleus accumbens, as already observed in drug addictions. In an attempt to make a causal link between this pathway and the behavioral changes, we treated rats with pramipexole and rapamycine, a specific inhibitor of this pathway. Surprisingly, this combination accentuated impulsivity even more, whereas rapamycine by itself did not promote impulsivity. This effect may be explained by the complexity of the kinetics of activation and inhibition of mTORC1 pathway.Taken together, these results suggest that impulsivity in PD may be triggered by an iatrogenic effect of the dopaminergic pramipexole treatment through an abnormal activation of the mTORC1 pathway within the nucleus accumbens.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The present study sought to identify the effects of chronic lithium administration on ethanol intakes in high alcohol-preferring (HAP) mice. Lithium is a well-established treatment for bipolar disorder and has demonstrated efficacy in reducing impulsivity, an endophenotype of the disease. Impulsivity is also a prominent trait of alcoholism. HAP mice display a preference for consuming substantial amounts of ethanol and exhibit abnormally high levels of impulsivity. Previous work has determined that chronic lithium exposure in HAP mice reduces their levels of impulsivity. The present study analyzed fluctuations in established intake patterns after lithium exposure and how pre-exposure to lithium would affect ethanol intake acquisition. The results showed an increase in ethanol intake and no change in preference for ethanol over water in lithium treated mice. There was an increase in overall total fluid consumption in these mice, likely resulting from polydipsic effects. There also appeared to be a potentiated lithium toxicity effect found in those mice pre-exposed to lithium. The conclusion was that lithium therapy does not decrease ethanol consumption in HAP mice.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Harmful alcohol use is a global concern, which has made research in this area a prime public health interest. Previous research has identified alcohol-related attentional biases (Cox et al., 2002, 2007; Marissen et al., 2006; Streeter et al., 2008) and impulsivity (see Acton, 2003; Dick et al., 2010; Mulder, 2002) as two important predictors that affect alcohol use, seeking, and relapse (Cox et al., 2002; Robbins & Ehrman, 2004). Recent review of the literature has also revealed that there is a significant relationship between these two constructs (Coskunpinar & Cyders, 2013). The current study used college undergraduate social drinkers (at least 3 drinks per week) (n = 42, mean age = 23.27 (SD = 5.21), female: 69.2%) to examine the relationship between specific trait impulsivity facets and alcohol-related attentional biases and to examine how this relationship is affected by measurement type (eye movement, reaction time measures), attentional bias constructs (initial orientation, delayed disengagement), and environmental cues (specifically mood and alcohol olfactory cues). Participants had alcohol-related attentional bias as measured by reaction time (areas of interest: p < .05) and eye-movement data (areas of interest: p < .05), which was not affected by mood, odor, or urgency.