過去「罪惡感」相關的研究，大多集中在哲學、文學、心理學、宗教學的領域，在行銷的領域則甚少提及。即使有關於「消費罪惡感」的相關文獻，也只是將「消費罪惡感」當成影響消費者行為的一個變數來應用，並沒有對「消費罪惡感」本質作探討的相關研究。 因此，本研究先由第一階段的深度訪談，仔細探查「消費罪惡感」的元素、發生時機、情緒內涵、及其對消費者行為的影響，並發展出相關的命題。接著再根據第一階段所推導的相關命題，延伸至第二階段的量表發展。 第一階段深度訪談的25位受訪者包括了學生、上班族、銀髮族，年齡分佈在22-63歲，所描述的產品共57項。根據訪談的結果顯示，「消費罪惡感」可以分解為六種情緒：「猶豫感」、「不捨感」、「擔憂感」、「心虛感」、「後悔感」、「內疚感」。另外，「消費罪惡感」發生的時點除了購買前的「預期性消費罪惡感」以及購買後的「反應性消費罪惡感」外，還包括了購買中的「進行性消費罪惡感」。其中，「預期性消費罪惡感」的主要情緒為「猶豫感」、「進行性消費罪惡感」主要的情緒為「不捨感」、「反應性消費罪惡感」的主要情緒為「後悔感」及「內疚感」。至於「消費罪惡感」對消費者行為的影響方面，當消費者產生了「預期性消費罪惡感」會使消費者的「購買意願」降低，而當消費者感受到「反應性消費罪惡感」時，在短期內對類似產品的「再購意願」會降低。 第二階段的量表發展，經過多次專家對初步發展的題項進行評估，並確認專家意見歸類準確，才進行兩次量表純化、效標關聯效度的檢測、以及量表鑑別度分析，據此確立「預期性消費罪惡感量表」及「反應性消費罪惡感量表」。本研究並根據確立的量表驗證第一階段的命題，結果顯示，不同發生時點的消費罪惡感所表現出的核心情緒與推導出的命題一致。此外，本研究亦在量表發展完成之後，進一步將其修改為衡量單一商品的「特定商品消費罪惡感量表」，並以此量表檢測消費者在某特定商品上之消費罪惡感，結果顯示，針對特定商品的「預期性消費罪惡感」與「反應性消費罪惡感」為負相關，與「一般性消費罪惡感量表」之正相關相異。 整體而言，本研究不僅對「消費罪惡感」的本質作了深入的探究，讓「消費罪惡感」之定義更加明確，且解釋了不同消費罪惡感發生時機之情緒內涵的差異，並據此發展出「消費罪惡感量表」，以為未來「消費罪惡感」相關研究之適切衡量工具。 / Guilt is a negative state that individuals experience in reaction to either a positive but undeserved event or a negative but deserved event. Despite its negative valence, guilt is considered a functional emotion, because it informs individuals that they have violated personal or social standards and motivates reparative action. In a consumption context, guilt has been linked to impulsive buying, compulsive consumption, and overspending. This guilt about consumption is usually named “Consumer Guilt.” Although previous research has defined consumer guilt, the measurement of consumer guilt is still not available in previous research. Therefore, this study focuses on the construct of consumer guilt and intends to explore when consumer guilt occurs. In order to find out the constructs, timing, and measurement of consumer guilt, 25 respondents were reminded with a shopping situation which consumers usually have the feelings of guilt. The interviewees were also requested to recall their last consumer guilt situation. This research employed the critical incident techniques and the main study contains 57 consumer guilt events. The results illustrate three major findings. First, through collecting, sorting and analyzing 56 events, the results pointed out consumer guilt had six constructs of emotion: hesitation, fear, scruple, reluctance to spend, regret, blame. Second, the past researches indicated consumer guilt can divide into two categories: reactive guilt and anticipatory guilt. This study finds that besides anticipatory consumer guilt and reactive consumer guilt, consumer guilt occurs at the point of buying. We name it proceeding consumer guilt. Third, the major construct of anticipatory consumer guilt is hesitation, the major construct of proceeding consumer guilt is reluctance to spend, and the major construct of reactive consumer guilt is regret and blame. Based on these results, we define the construct of consumer guilt to be measured, and generate items that pertain to the construct. Then determine the reliability and validity of these items. The anticipatory consumer guilt scale and the reactive guilt were developed to capture the concept of consumer guilt. The scale successfully met standards for internal reliability, content validity, criterion-related validity, and construct validity.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of compulsive buying, phenomenon which is a current topic for today's society and its incidence is rising. The area of oniomania includes psychological but also social and financial aspects of the disorder. The thesis focuses mainly on the sphere of introduction of oniomania, as a great danger to man and society, especially in the context of financial illiteracy. Enough room is devoted to explication of main key words from the area of addictions (drug addictions and behavioral addictions). Attention has also been dedicated to an important chapter of the issue of gender in context to the pathological shopping and also to topics of getting to know the possibilities of treatment and prevention. The practical part of the thesis deals with research of level of awareness and orientation issues of shopping addiction among university students Using analysis of submitted questionnaires, this part of the thesis tries to find answers to fundamental questions related to the theme of financial literacy.

En la presente tesis se ha desarrollado la evaluación estructural de cinco reservorios circulares del tipo apoyado, construidos entre los años 1977 y 1997, ubicados en zonas de alto riesgo sísmico en Lima Metropolitana y ubicados en suelos medianamente rígidos, con el objetivo de evidenciar si estas estructuras continúan conservando un diseño sísmico adecuado en base a los requerimientos sísmicos actuales, y por ende si serán capaces de resistir un evento sísmico severo y continuar con el servicio. Para poder modelar y determinar la respuesta de los se reservorios se empleó el modelo equivalente de Housner, obteniendo así la masa impulsiva y convectiva, modelado en el programa SAP2000 con ayuda de las normas ACI 350.3-06 y E.030. En cuanto a la determinación de las fuerzas resistentes, para poder realizar la evaluación estructural correspondiente, se utilizó la norma peruana E.060-2009 Concreto Armado, con la cual se obtuvo dichas fuerzas y se realizaron las verificaciones estructurales. Con respecto a los resultados de las verificaciones realizadas, se observó que los reservorios en estudio no mantienen un diseño estructural adecuado en cuanto a las solicitaciones sísmicas actuales. Estas deficiencias se plasman en déficit de refuerzo horizontal por corte en muros, cuantía mínima vertical por corte en muros, refuerzo en la base del muro por momento tangencial, armadura requerida en la viga collarín, y refuerzo en el extremo de la cúpula por tracción radial; por lo que estas estructuras, ante la presencia de un evento sísmico severo, se encuentran expuestas a presentar fallas estructurales. / In the present thesis has been carried out the structural assessment of five round ground concrete tanks, built between 1977 and 1997, and located in high seismic risk areas in Lima Metropolitana in moderately rigid soils, with the objective of demonstrating if these structures still preserve an adequate structural design base on the current standards and consequently, if they will be able to withstand a severe seismic event and, hence, continue with their service. In order to model and determine the response of the tanks, the Housner’s rigid equivalent model was used, obtaining this way the impulsive and convective masses, which were modeled in the software SAP2000 with the ACI 350.3-06 standard and the E.030 Peruvian standard. Regarding on the determination of the resistant forces, in order to carry out the corresponding structural evaluation, the Peruvian standard “Concreto Armado E.060” was utilized. With regard to the results of the verifications carried out, it was observed that the reservoirs under study do not maintain an adequate structural design in terms of the current seismic solicitations. These deficiencies are reflected in horizontal reinforcement deficit by shear force on the walls, minimum amount of vertical rebar by shear on the walls, reinforcement in the base of the wall by tangential bending moment, rebar required in the beam by radial tensile force, and rebar in the end of the dome by radial traction; so these structures, in the presence of a severe seismic event, are exposed to structural failures. / Tesis

Introdução: Especula-se que a Oniomania ou Compras Compulsivas (CC) compartilhe características clínicas e substratos neurobiológicos com a dependência de substâncias psicoativas, assim como outros comportamentos denominados dependências comportamentais. Os estudos mais recentes para tratamento das dependências têm explorado o potencial clínico de fármacos capazes de bloquear o efeito reforçador dessas substâncias ou comportamentos através da modulação direta ou indireta da atividade dopaminérgica na via córtico-límbico-estriatal. Seguindo esta linha de raciocínio, o topiramato vem sendo investigado para o tratamento do transtorno do jogo, compulsão alimentar e dependência de álcool. Relatos preliminares sugerem potencial desta medicação no tratamento de pacientes com CC. Método: Nosso estudo é um ensaio clínico duplo cego, randomizado e controlado com placebo que visa a testar a eficácia do topiramato administrado oralmente no tratamento das CC ao longo de 12 semanas. Foram analisados 43 pacientes, alocados aleatoriamente no grupo experimental (que recebeu doses flexíveis de topiramato de 25 a 300 mg/dia) ou grupo controle (que recebeu dose correspondente de substância inativa). Ambos os grupos receberam intervenções psicoeducacionais em quatro sessões. Os comportamentos e a psicopatologia das CC, além de fenômenos associados, especificamente impulsividade, sintomas depressivos e adequação social foram avaliados como desfecho. Resultados: As escalas de avaliação não apresentaram significância quando analisadas em conjunto pela MANOVA. Todavia, na análise do desempenho isolado de cada variável incluída no modelo múltiplo, encontrou-se uma redução significativa do comportamento de comprar compulsivo e desejo de aquisição em favor do topiramato, quando comparado ao placebo. Entre as escalas de avaliação de fenômenos associados, houve uma melhora ao longo do tempo em ambos os grupos para as variáveis que medem impulsividade e depressão, com tamanhos de efeito elevados (H2 > 0,14). Os achados devem ser analisados com cautela, uma vez que nossa amostra foi pequena e portanto com baixo poder amostral. Conclusão: Analisados em conjunto, os dados não permitem concluir que o topiramato seja superior ao placebo no tratamento das CC. Porém, esta análise encoraja futuras investigações / Introduction: It is speculated that Compulsive Buying Disorder (CBD), similar to other behavior addictions, shares clinical and neurobiologic characteristics with substance use disorders. Recent research for treatment of addictions has explored the therapeutic potential of drugs capable of blocking the reinforcing properties of substances or behaviors through the direct or indirect modulation of the dopaminergic pathway in the cortico-limbic-striatal circuit. In line with this reasoning, topiramate has been investigated for the treatment of gambling disorder, binge eating and alcohol addiction. Preliminary case reports suggest that this drug can be beneficial for the treatment of CBD. Methods: We followed a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled model to test the efficacy and safety of topiramate during a period of 12 weeks. We analyzed 43 patients randomly assigned to the experimental group (who received flexible doses of topiramate from 25 to 300mg/day) or control group (who received the correspondent dose of inactive substance). Both groups received psychoeducational intervention in 4 sessions. Results: The variables we used to evaluate the symptomatology of CBD showed no significant variations over time when analyzed together through MANOVA. However, among the scales used to evaluate associated phenomena, there was an improvement over time for the variables that measure impulsivity and depression, with high effect sizes (H2 > 0.14). In the analysis of the isolated performance of each variable included in the multiple model we found a superior and statistically significant response of the group topiramate for the CBFS and the subscore acquisition of SI-R. These findings should be analyzed with caution since our sample was small, with low power, and composed by an under-representative sample of individuals. Conclusion: These findings point to a possible utility of topiramate for the treatment of CBD, supporting further studies with larger and more representative samples of patients with CBD

Objetivo: O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e o Transtorno por uso de substancias psicoativas (TUSP) são frequentemente comórbidos. Apesar disso, observa-se que poucos dados foram publicados a respeito do desempenho cognitivo e de impulsividade de adultos TDAH com e sem dependência de cocaína e/ou crack. Este estudo procurou verificar a presença de diferenças cognitivas em funções executivas, memória verbal e em impulsividade em grupos de adultos com TDAH com e sem dependência de cocaína e/ou crack, e se a presença de outras comorbidades psiquiátricas influencia estas diferenças. Desenho: Uma amostra de adultos com TDAH com dependência de cocaína e/ou crack (grupo experimental) e uma amostra de adultos TDAH sem dependência de qualquer substância psicoativa (grupo controle). Métodos: A amostra foi formada por pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, diagnosticados de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV. Formaram o grupo experimental adultos com TDAH e dependência de cocaína e/ou crack (TDAH+COC) internados na Associação Promocional Oração e Trabalho (APOT), e nas enfermarias do Hospital Geral de Taipas, e do Programa do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudo de Álcool e Drogas (GREA) do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (IPq- HCFMUSP). O grupo controle foi formado por adultos com TDAH sem dependência de qualquer substância psicoativa atendidos no ambulatório do Programa de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (PRODATH) do IPq-HCFMUSP. Instrumentos: O desempenho cognitivo foi verificado por: Vocabulário (WASI); Raciocínio Matricial (WASI); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Torre de Hanói; Memória Lógica (WMS III); FAS; Digit Span (WAIS III); Sequência de Números e Letras (WAIS III); Reading Mind in the Eyes Task; Stroop, Trail Making (partes A e B); Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Conner\'s Continuous Performance Test (CPT) e Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). A Escala de Barratt (BIS 11) verificou as dimensões de impulsividade, o Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0.), e a presença de comorbidades psiquiátricas, Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) foi usado no rastreio do uso de substâncias psicoativas e o Addiction Severity Index (ASI 6 - módulo DROGAS) investigou o histórico do uso de substâncias psicoativas. Resultados: O grupo TDAH+COC apresentou QI mais baixo, déficits nas habilidades verbais, na aprendizagem implícita em tomada de decisão, lentificação no tempo de resposta e maior impulsividade motora comparado ao grupo TDAH. O grupo TDAH mostrou déficits em atenção seletiva, velocidade de processamento e busca visual comparado ao grupo TDAH+COC. Não houve diferenças significativas em memória verbal. O grupo TDAH+COC apresentou maior presença de outras comorbidades psiquiátricas (Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial, Risco de Suícidio, Episódio Maníaco) Conclusão: Dois perfis diferentes foram encontrados. O grupo TDAH+COC mostrou déficits relacionados às áreas pré-frontal dorsolateral e ventromedial, enquanto o grupo TDAH mostrou déficits relacionados à área pré-frontal dorsolateral. Estes resultados podem ser explicados pelo modelo de \"An integrative theory of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder based on cognitive and affective neuroscience\" que sugere que a falta de regulação nos mecanismos \"top down\" estão influenciando as alterações cognitivas e impulsividade / Background: Comorbidity is frequent between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cocaine dependence. Despite this fact, scarce data have been published with regard to the neuropsychological profile and impulsiveness traits of adult ADHD individuals with and without comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence. The aim of the present study was to fill this gap in the literature by assessing cognitive differences in executive functions, verbal memory, and impulsiveness in groups of adult ADHD patients with and without cocaine and/or crack dependence, and determining whether the presence of other psychiatric comorbidities influences these differences. Study design: One group of adults with ADHD and comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence (experimental) and one group of adults with ADHD and no psychoactive substance abuse or dependence (control). Methods: Male and female patients aged 18 and 60 years with a diagnosis of ADHD with or without comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence by the DSM-IV criteria were recruited for the study. The experimental group (ADHD+COC) consisted of adults with ADHD and comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence admitted to Associação Promocional Oração e Trabalho (APOT), in the Hospital Geral de Taipas wards, or a ward of the Programa do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudo de Álcool e Drogas (GREA) do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (IPq-HCFMUSP). The control group (ADHD) comprised adults with ADHD without any psychoactive substance dependence; these patients received care at the outpatient clinic of the IPq- HCFMUSP Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Program. Instruments: The patients\'s neuropsychological performance was assessed using the following measures: Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning (WASI); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Tower of Hanoi; Logical Memory (WMS III); FAS; Digit Span (WAIS III); Letter-Number Sequencing (WAIS III); Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; Stroop; Trails (A and B parts); Iowa Gambling Test (WCST); Conner\'s Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). The Barratt Scale (BIS-11) assessed the factors of impulsiveness, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0.) identified psychiatric comorbidities, the validated Brazilian version of the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to screen for use of psychoactive substances and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6 - module DRUGS) assessed the history of psychoactive substance use. Results: The ADHD+COC group showed deficits in verbal skills, lower IQ, poor decision making, and lentification in reaction times and motor impulsiveness compared with the ADHD group. The ADHD group showed deficits in selective attention, processing speed and visual search compared with the ADHD+COC group. No significant differences were found in verbal memory. The ADHD+COC group had a greater prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (Anti-Social Personality Disorder, Risk of Suicide, Maniac Episode) Conclusion: Two differents profiles were noted. ADHD+COC group showed deficits related to the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal areas while the ADHD group had deficiencies related to the dorsolateral prefrontal areas. The \"an integrative theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on cognitive and affective neuroscience\" supports these results, suggesting the dysregulation of \"top-down\" mechanisms promote the cognitive alterations and impulsivity

Neste trabalho estudaremos a existência de soluções fracas para uma classe de equações diferenciais funcionais impulsivas com retardamento dependendo do estado modeladas na forma \'x POT. PRIME\'(t) = Ax(t) + f(t;\' x IND. p(t, xt)), t \'PERTENCE A\'I = [0,a], \'x IND. 0\' =\\varphi \'PERTENCE A\' B, \'DELTA\' \'x(t IND. i) = \'I IND.i\'i(\'x IND.i\'); i = 1, ...n, onde A é o gerador infinitesimal de um \'C IND. 0\'-semigrupo compacto de operadores lineares limitados (\'T\'(t))t \'. OU =\'0 definido em um espaço de Banach X; as fun»ções \'x IND. s\' : (- \'INFIINITO\', 0] \'SETA\' X, \'x IND. s\' ( teta\') = x(s + \'teta\'), estão em um espaço de fase B descrito axiomaticamente; f : I X B \'seta\' X, \'rô\' : I X B \'SETA\' ( - \'INFINITO\', a], \'I IND. i\' : B \'SETA\'X, i=1, ...n , são funções apropriadas; 0 < \'t IND.1\' <... < \'t IND. n\' < a são n¶umeros pré-fixados e o símbolo \'DELTA\'\'ksi\'(t) = \'Ksi\'(\'t POT. + ) - \'ksi\'( \'t POT. -). / In this work we stablish the existence of mild solutions for an impulsive abstract functional differential equation with state-dependent delay described in the form \'x POT. PRIME\'(t) = Ax(t) + f(t;\' x IND. p(t, xt)), t \'BELONGS\'I = [0,a], \'x IND. 0\' =\\varphi \'IS CONTAINED\' B, \'DELTA\' \'x(t IND. i) = \'I IND.i\'i(\'x IND.i\'); i = 1, ...n, where A is the infinitesimal generator of a compact \'C IND. 0\'-semigroup of bounded linear operators (\'T\'(t))t \'. OU =\'0 defined on a Banach space X; the functions \'x IND. s\': ( - INFINito, 0] \'SETA X, \'x IND. s\'(\'teta\') , belongs to some space B described axiomatically; f : I X B \'seta\' X, \'rô\' : I X B \'SETA\' ( - \'INFINITO\', a], \'I IND. i\' : B \'SETA\'X, i=1, ...n , são funções apropriadas; 0 < \'t IND.1\' <... < \'t IND. n\' < a são n¶umeros pré-fixados e o símbolo \'DELTA\'\'ksi\'(t) = \'Ksi\'(\'t POT. + ) - \'ksi\'( \'t POT. -).

INTRODUÇÃO: A violência sexual é um importante problema de saúde pública. Em São Paulo, cerca de 5% dos apenados estão cumprindo pena por crimes sexuais violentos. No Brasil e em outros países, muitos agressores sexuais retornarão à sociedade sem quaisquer intervenções psicossociais para prevenir a reincidência criminal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o consumo de álcool e de outras drogas e a impulsividade sexual entre agressores sexuais. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo observacional, retrospectivo e seccional realizado na Penitenciária de Sorocaba – São Paulo. Entre julho de 2004 e setembro de 2005, todos os 218 sentenciados apenas por crimes sexuais violentos foram entrevistados, avaliando o consumo de álcool e de outras drogas, impulsividade, dependência de sexo e risco de reincidência criminal, além dos seus prontuários jurídicos revisados. 20 (9,17%) sentenciados foram excluídos da amostra. Os agressores sexuais foram divididos em três grupos: molestadores de crianças (n = 101), agressores sexuais de adolescentes (n = 56) e agressores sexuais de adultos (n = 41). Além disso, os apenados foram também divididos em outros três grupos, de acordo com o número de vítimas envolvidas: agressores sexuais de uma vítima (n = 149), agressores sexuais de duas vítimas (n = 25) e agressores sexuais de três ou mais vítimas (n = 24). RESULTADOS: 1) Agressores sexuais de adultos foram mais jovens do que os outros dois grupos de agressores sexuais (p < 0,01); 2) Agressores sexuais de adultos mostraram mais problemas com o uso de drogas do que os outros dois grupos comparados (p < 0,01); 3) Molestadores de crianças mostraram significativamente maior gravidade de dependência de álcool do que os outros dois grupos (p < 0,01); 4) Molestadores de crianças do sexo masculino mostraram maior gravidade de dependência de álcool do que os molestadores de crianças do sexo feminino (p < 0,01); 5) Agressores sexuais seriais apresentaram significativamente maior nível de impulsividade do que os agressores não seriais (p < 0,01); 6) Agressores sexuais seriais registraram mais freqüentemente história de abuso sexual na infância do que os agressores sexuais de uma vítima (p < 0,01). CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de substâncias psicoativas pode ser um dos fatores de distinção entre molestadores de crianças e agressores sexuais de adultos. História de abuso sexual e altos níveis de impulsividade podem estar associados com a repetição do comportamento sexualmente agressivo. / INTRODUCTION: Sexual violence is an important public health problem. In São Paulo, about 5% of male prison inmates are serving a sentence for a serious sexual offense. In Brazil and other countries, many sexual offenders will return home without any psychosocial interventions to prevent recidivism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of alcohol and drug consumption and the sexual impulsivity level among sexual offenders. METHODS: It was an observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study carried out inside the Penitentiary of Sorocaba – São Paulo. From July 2004 to September 2005, all 218 convicts sentenced only for sexual crimes were evaluated with reference to alcohol and drug use, impulsivity, sexual addiction, recidivism risk and their juridical reports were reviewed. 20 (9.17%) recruited convicts were excluded from the sample. The sexual offenders were divided in three groups, such as children molesters (n= 101), sexual aggressors against adolescents (n = 56) and sexual offenders against adults (n = 41). Moreover, the sexual offenders were also divided in three groups with reference to the number of involved victims, such as sexual aggressors against one victim (n = 149), sexual offenders against two victims (n = 25) and sexual offenders against three or more victims (n = 24). RESULTS: 1) Sexual offenders against adults were found to be significantly younger than children molesters and sexual offenders against adolescents (p < 0.01); 2) Sexual offenders against adults had more difficulties with drug use than the comparison groups (p < 0.01); 3) Children molesters showed significantly higher severity of alcohol dependence than the comparison groups (p < 0.01); 4) Children molesters against boys showed significantly higher severity of alcohol dependence than children molesters against girls (p < 0.01); 5) Serial sexual offenders had significantly higher impulsivity level than nonserial sexual offenders (p < 0.01); 6) Serial sexual offenders reported significantly more personal history of being sexually abused than nonserial sexual offenders (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Substance use may be one of the distinguishing factors between offenders who target children and those who target adults. History of sexual abuse and high impulsivity levels may be associated with the repetition of sexual aggression.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le domaine du Smart Grid. Les SGs améliorent la sécurité des réseaux électriques et permettent une utilisation adaptée de l'énergie disponible de manière limitée. Ils augmentent également l'efficacité énergétique globale en réduisant la consommation. L'utilisation de cette technologie est la solution la plus appropriée car elle permet une gestion plus efficace de l'énergie. Dans ce contexte, des compagnies comme Hydro-Québec déploient des réseaux de capteurs pour contrôler les principaux équipements. Pour réduire les coûts de déploiement et la complexité du câblage, un réseau de capteurs semble être une solution optimale. Cependant, son déploiement nécessite une connaissance approfondie de l'environnement. Les postes à haute tension sont des points stratégiques du réseau électrique et génèrent un bruit impulsif qui dégrade les performances des communications sans fil. Les travaux dans cette thèse sont centrés sur le développement de protocoles de communication performants dans ces milieux fortement perturbés. Nous avons proposé une première approche basée sur la concaténation du code à métrique de rang et le code convolutif avec la modulation OFDM. C'est une technique très efficace pour réduire l'effet du bruit impulsif tout en ayant un niveau de complexité assez faible. Une autre solution basée sur un système multi-antennaire est développée. Nous avons aussi proposé un système MIMO coopératif codé en boucle fermée basée sur le code à métrique de rang et le précodeur max-dmin. La deuxième technique est également une solution optimale pour améliorer la fiabilité du système et réduire la consommation énergétique dans les réseaux de capteurs. / This thesis is mainly in the Smart Grid domain. SGs improve the safety of electrical networks and allow a more adapted use of electricity storage, available in a limited way. SGs also increase overall energy efficiency by reducing peak consumption. The use of this technology is the most appropriate solution because it allows more efficient energy management. In this context, manufacturers such as Hydro-Quebec deploy sensor networks in the nerve centers to control major equipment. To reduce deployment costs and cabling complexity, the option of a wireless sensor network seems the most obvious solution. However, deploying a sensor network requires in-depth knowledge of the environment. High voltages substations are strategic points in the power grid and generate impulse noise that can degrade the performance of wireless communications. The works in this thesis are focused on the development of high performance communication protocols for the profoundly disturbed environments. For this purpose, we have proposed an approach based on the concatenation of rank metric and convolutional coding with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. This technique is very efficient in reducing the bursty nature of impulsive noise while having a quite low level of complexity. Another solution based on a multi-antenna system is also designed. We have proposed a cooperative closed-loop coded MIMO system based on rank metric code and max-dmin precoder. The second technique is also an optimal solution for both improving the reliability of the system and energy saving in wireless sensor networks.

Objetivo: O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e o Transtorno por uso de substancias psicoativas (TUSP) são frequentemente comórbidos. Apesar disso, observa-se que poucos dados foram publicados a respeito do desempenho cognitivo e de impulsividade de adultos TDAH com e sem dependência de cocaína e/ou crack. Este estudo procurou verificar a presença de diferenças cognitivas em funções executivas, memória verbal e em impulsividade em grupos de adultos com TDAH com e sem dependência de cocaína e/ou crack, e se a presença de outras comorbidades psiquiátricas influencia estas diferenças. Desenho: Uma amostra de adultos com TDAH com dependência de cocaína e/ou crack (grupo experimental) e uma amostra de adultos TDAH sem dependência de qualquer substância psicoativa (grupo controle). Métodos: A amostra foi formada por pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, diagnosticados de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV. Formaram o grupo experimental adultos com TDAH e dependência de cocaína e/ou crack (TDAH+COC) internados na Associação Promocional Oração e Trabalho (APOT), e nas enfermarias do Hospital Geral de Taipas, e do Programa do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudo de Álcool e Drogas (GREA) do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (IPq- HCFMUSP). O grupo controle foi formado por adultos com TDAH sem dependência de qualquer substância psicoativa atendidos no ambulatório do Programa de Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (PRODATH) do IPq-HCFMUSP. Instrumentos: O desempenho cognitivo foi verificado por: Vocabulário (WASI); Raciocínio Matricial (WASI); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Torre de Hanói; Memória Lógica (WMS III); FAS; Digit Span (WAIS III); Sequência de Números e Letras (WAIS III); Reading Mind in the Eyes Task; Stroop, Trail Making (partes A e B); Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Conner\'s Continuous Performance Test (CPT) e Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). A Escala de Barratt (BIS 11) verificou as dimensões de impulsividade, o Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0.), e a presença de comorbidades psiquiátricas, Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) foi usado no rastreio do uso de substâncias psicoativas e o Addiction Severity Index (ASI 6 - módulo DROGAS) investigou o histórico do uso de substâncias psicoativas. Resultados: O grupo TDAH+COC apresentou QI mais baixo, déficits nas habilidades verbais, na aprendizagem implícita em tomada de decisão, lentificação no tempo de resposta e maior impulsividade motora comparado ao grupo TDAH. O grupo TDAH mostrou déficits em atenção seletiva, velocidade de processamento e busca visual comparado ao grupo TDAH+COC. Não houve diferenças significativas em memória verbal. O grupo TDAH+COC apresentou maior presença de outras comorbidades psiquiátricas (Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial, Risco de Suícidio, Episódio Maníaco) Conclusão: Dois perfis diferentes foram encontrados. O grupo TDAH+COC mostrou déficits relacionados às áreas pré-frontal dorsolateral e ventromedial, enquanto o grupo TDAH mostrou déficits relacionados à área pré-frontal dorsolateral. Estes resultados podem ser explicados pelo modelo de \"An integrative theory of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder based on cognitive and affective neuroscience\" que sugere que a falta de regulação nos mecanismos \"top down\" estão influenciando as alterações cognitivas e impulsividade / Background: Comorbidity is frequent between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cocaine dependence. Despite this fact, scarce data have been published with regard to the neuropsychological profile and impulsiveness traits of adult ADHD individuals with and without comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence. The aim of the present study was to fill this gap in the literature by assessing cognitive differences in executive functions, verbal memory, and impulsiveness in groups of adult ADHD patients with and without cocaine and/or crack dependence, and determining whether the presence of other psychiatric comorbidities influences these differences. Study design: One group of adults with ADHD and comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence (experimental) and one group of adults with ADHD and no psychoactive substance abuse or dependence (control). Methods: Male and female patients aged 18 and 60 years with a diagnosis of ADHD with or without comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence by the DSM-IV criteria were recruited for the study. The experimental group (ADHD+COC) consisted of adults with ADHD and comorbid cocaine and/or crack dependence admitted to Associação Promocional Oração e Trabalho (APOT), in the Hospital Geral de Taipas wards, or a ward of the Programa do Grupo Interdisciplinar de Estudo de Álcool e Drogas (GREA) do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (IPq-HCFMUSP). The control group (ADHD) comprised adults with ADHD without any psychoactive substance dependence; these patients received care at the outpatient clinic of the IPq- HCFMUSP Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Program. Instruments: The patients\'s neuropsychological performance was assessed using the following measures: Vocabulary and Matrix Reasoning (WASI); Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); Tower of Hanoi; Logical Memory (WMS III); FAS; Digit Span (WAIS III); Letter-Number Sequencing (WAIS III); Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; Stroop; Trails (A and B parts); Iowa Gambling Test (WCST); Conner\'s Continuous Performance Test (CPT), and Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). The Barratt Scale (BIS-11) assessed the factors of impulsiveness, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 5.0.0.) identified psychiatric comorbidities, the validated Brazilian version of the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) was used to screen for use of psychoactive substances and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6 - module DRUGS) assessed the history of psychoactive substance use. Results: The ADHD+COC group showed deficits in verbal skills, lower IQ, poor decision making, and lentification in reaction times and motor impulsiveness compared with the ADHD group. The ADHD group showed deficits in selective attention, processing speed and visual search compared with the ADHD+COC group. No significant differences were found in verbal memory. The ADHD+COC group had a greater prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities (Anti-Social Personality Disorder, Risk of Suicide, Maniac Episode) Conclusion: Two differents profiles were noted. ADHD+COC group showed deficits related to the dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal areas while the ADHD group had deficiencies related to the dorsolateral prefrontal areas. The \"an integrative theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on cognitive and affective neuroscience\" supports these results, suggesting the dysregulation of \"top-down\" mechanisms promote the cognitive alterations and impulsivity

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar e desenvolver a teoria de equações dinâmicas funcionais impulsivas em escalas temporais. Mostramos que estas equações representam um caso especial de equações diferenciais funcionais em medida impulsivas. Também, apresentamos uma relação entre estas equações e as equações diferenciais funcionais em medida e, ainda, mostramos uma relação entre elas e as equações diferenciais ordinárias generalizadas. Relacionamos, também, as equações diferenciais funcionais em medida e as equações dinâmicas funcionais em escalas temporais. Obtemos resultados sobre existência e unicidade de soluções, dependência contínua, método da média periódico e não-periódico bem como resultados de estabilidade para todos os tipos de equações descritos anteriormente. Também, provamos algumas propriedades relativas às funções regradas e aos conjuntos equiregrados em espaços de Banach, que foram essenciais para os nossos propósitos. Os resultados novos apresentados neste trabalho estão contidos em 7 artigos, dos quais dois já foram publicados e um aceito. Veja [16], [32], [34], [36], [37], [38] e [84] / The aim of this work is to investigate and develop the theory of impulsive functional dynamic equations on time scales. We prove that these equations represent a special case of impulsive measure functional differential equations. Moreover, we present a relation between these equations and measure functional differential equations and, also, a correspondence between them and generalized ordinary differential equations. Also, we clarify the relation between measure functional differential equations and functional dynamic equations on time scales. We obtain results on the existence and uniqueness of solutions, continuous dependence on parameters, non-periodic and periodic averaging principles and stability results for all these types of equations. Moreover, we prove some properties concerning regulated functions and equiregulated sets in a Banach space which were essential to our purposes. The new results presented in this work are contained in 7 papers, two of which have already been published and one accepted. See [16], [32], [34], [36], [37], [38] and [84]