Šiame magistro darbe yra nagrinėjamos tėvų teisės ir pareigos, susijusios su jų vaikams priklausančiu turtu. Naudojant terminą tėvai ir vaikai šiame veikale yra svarbus vaidmuo tenka jų šeimyniniam ryšiui. Vaikais magistro darbo kontekste yra pripažįstami nepilnamečiai vaikai - fiziniai asmenys, nesulaukę 18 metų. Tėvais laikomi tiek biologiniai, tiek ir socialiniai tėvai. Tėvų teisės tvarkyti jų vaikams priklausantį turtą yra uzufrukto teisės su Lietuvos Respublikos Civilinio kodekso 3.185-3.191 straipsniuose numatytomis išimtimis. Negalima nepilnamečio vaiko turto tiesiogiai ar per tarpininkus įsigyti specifinėmis uzufrukto teisėmis tvarkomo turto savo nuosavybėn ar teisių į jį taip pat nepilnamečio vaiko tėvams uždrausta sudaryti reikalavimo perleidimo sutartį, kurios pagrindu Tėvai privalo tvarkyti savo vaikų turtą tik paisydami vaiko interesų. Tėvai turi teisę ir pareigą naudoti vaiko turto duodamas pajamas ir vaisius šeimos reikmėms, tačiau privalo atsižvelgti pirmiausiai į vaikų interesus. Atkreiptinas dėmesys į tai, kad uzufruktas yra taikomas ne visam nepilnamečio vaiko turtui. Stambesni sandoriai, susiję su nepilnamečio vaiko turtu, turi būti tėvų sudaromi tik gavus išankstinį teismo leidimą. Uzufrukto teisėmis turtas turi būti tvarkomas bendru nepilnamečio vaiko tėvų sutikimu. Ši specifinė uzufrukto teisė taip pat gali būti įgyvendinama ir vieno iš tėvų. Turto tvarkymo ir uzufrukto teisė baigiasi įvairiais pagrindais – bagtinis jų sąrašas Lietuvos įstatymuose nėra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work talks about the question of parental rights and responsibilities associated with their child's property. Using the time parents and children in his work is an important role in their family relationship. Children in the context of the master's work is recognized as minors - persons under 18 years of age. In this magistra paper parents are kept both biological and social, and parents. Rights of parents to manage their children's belonging to manage the assets of the usufruct of the Republic of Lithuania Civil Code Articles 3.185 to 3.191 an exception. The minor's estate can not be directly or indirectly acquire usufruct rights to specific assets managed their ownership or rights to it as well as the minor child's parents refused a claim assignment agreement under which the parents must keep their children within their property only to the child's interests. Parents have the right and obligation to use the assets given to the child's income and family consumption of fruit, but they must first take in account the interests of the children. Attention is drawn to the fact that the usufruct is not applicable to all of the minor child's estate. Major transactions involving assets of a minor child, the parents must be made in prior judicial authorization. Usufruct rights in the assets to be managed by mutual consent of the minor child's parents. This specific right of usufruct can also be implemented, and one of the parents. The ssset management and the usufruct right comes... [to full text]

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is an intriguing clinical finding that is defined as biopsy-proven metastasis from a malignancy in the absence of an identifiable primary site after a complete clinical work-up. CUP is a relatively common clinical entity, accounting for approximately 3–5% of all cancer diagnoses, and consists of a heterogeneous group of tumors that have acquired the capacity to metastasize before the development of a clinically evident primary lesion. Notable advances have been made over the past years in the treatment of well-defined clinical subgroups of CUP, such as women with peritoneal carcinomatosis and young adults with poorly differentiated carcinomas of midline distribution, but for the majority of patients, the prognosis still remains poor. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CUP syndrome, and emphasize the importance of identifying several favorable subsets of CUP, amenable to specific treatment options. In addition, we will point out novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches which will hopefully improve both our understanding and the prognosis of this more or less neglected disease. / Unter dem Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP)-Syndrom werden diejenigen Tumorerkrankungen zusammengefasst, bei denen auch nach Abschluss der Diagnostik nur Metastasen, jedoch kein Primärtumor gefunden wird. Das CUP-Syndrom macht ca. 3–5% aller neu diagnostizierten Malignomfälle aus und umfasst eine heterogene Gruppe von Tumoren, die die Fähigkeit zur Metastasierung erlangt haben bevor sich ein klinisch manifester Primärtumor entwickelt hat. Obwohl bemerkenswerte Fortschritte in der Behandlung von Patienten mit bestimmten, gut definierten Erkrankungssubgruppen, wie beispielsweise Frauen mit isolierter Peritonealkarzinose oder jungen Erwachsenen mit gering differenzierten Karzinomen mit Mittellinienverteilung, erzielt werden konnten, ist die Prognose bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten nach wie vor schlecht. Wir berichten im weiteren Verlauf dieser Übersichtsarbeit über Fortschritte in der Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit CUPSyndrom und weisen darauf hin, dass es trotz der immer noch sehr schlechten Prognose von großer Bedeutung ist, Patienten mit bestimmten Subtypen des CUP-Syndroms zu identifizieren, die spezifischen Therapien mit der Option auf Heilung zugeführt werden sollten. Darüber hinaus möchten wir auf neuere diagnostische und therapeutische Bestrebungen aufmerksam machen, die das Verständnis und die Prognose dieses auch in der Onkologie bisher stiefmütterlich behandelten Krankheitsbildes hoffentlich verbessern werden. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

No description available.

University, Diss.--St. Gallen, 2007.

Favorable and unfavorable demographic processes and their imminent repercussions for local labor markets, regional economic development, and the accomplishment of public duties have spurred the interest around the world. The mobility of individuals and households, in particular in the form of migration and commuting, decisively shapes these demographic trends at the regional and local level. Studying the causes of mobility behavior at the microlevel, therefore, delivers hypotheses needed for the evaluation of various policy options directed at attracting new and retaining existing population shares. Knowing about the various influences in mobility decision making also allows for a better projection of population dynamics and migration flows. In the design of this dissertation, uncertainty is recognized as a key component of day-to-day decision making processes and, thus, serves as the underlying feature in the examinations. The dissertation’s aim is to study the effects of economic uncertainty on household mobility decisions. This includes migration as well as commuting behavior in the presence of income and transport cost uncertainty. In three thematic areas the dissertation investigates migration behavior of individuals and households in the context of both long-distance interregional migration and short-distance local moves. Covered aspects range from the influence of different levels of longevity over the implications of joint migration intentions to the interrelated choice of residence and mode of mobility in a urban-suburban framework.

Darbo tikslas – surinkti ir išanalizuoti šunų sergančių babezioze atvejus, organų bei jų funkcijų sutrikimus komplikuotoje babeziozės formoje smulkių gyvūnų veterinarijos klinikoje, Klaipėdoje. Darbo uždaviniai: nustatyti kokio amžiaus, veislės bei lyties šunys dažniausiai serga komplikuota babeziozės forma; nustatyti kurio sezono metu daugiausiai pasireiškia komplikuota babeziozės forma; ištirti ir įvertinti biocheminių kraujo tyrimų rezultatus; nustatyti ar sergamumas komplikuota babeziozės forma priklauso nuo sudėtinio organų bei jų funkcijų sutrikimo, bei jo įtaką mirtingumui; nustatyti kokių organų sistemų bei jų funkcijų sutrikimai vyrauja dažniausiai ir ar šių organų sistemų veikla daro įtaką mirtingumui. Tyrimo objektas: šunys sergantys komplikuota babeziozės forma. Tyrime taikyti diagnostikos analizės metodai, statistika, grafika, palyginimas, mokslinės literatūros analizė, sisteminis požiūris, matematiniai metodai, koreliacijos metodas. Išvados: 1. Iš 32 šunų kuriems buvo nustatyta komplikuota babeziozės infekcija dažniausiai (41%) sirgo 1-5 metų šunų amžiaus grupė, dažniausiai sirgo mišrūnai 13 (39,4%), rečiau škotų terjerai 3 (9%), sergančių patinų užregistruota 62,5 %, patelių 37,5%. 2. Didžiausi ligos protrūkiai pasireiškė pavasario (47%) bei rudens (37%) sezono metu 3. Analizuojant kraujo biocheminius parametrus buvo nustatyta, kad babeziozės kraujo biocheminiai parametrai buvo nukrypę nuo normos ribų: šlapalo koncentracija buvo virš normos ribų 3,1 – 8,5... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This study was designed to collect and analyze the dog with babesiosis cases, organ dysfunction, and their a complicated form of babesiosis of small animal veterinary clinic in Klaipeda. The research objective formulated in the following tasks: identify what age, breed and sex dogs usually suffer from a complicated form of babesiosis; set a season mainly occurs in the form of complicated babesiosis; investigate and evaluate the biochemical blood tests; determine whether the incidence of babesiosis complicated form depends on a complex of organs and their functioning, and its impact on mortality; determine what organ systems and their functions, disorders usually prevail and that the organ systems function affects mortality. The object of study: Dogs with complicated babesiosis form. In the research apply the methods of diagnostic analysis, statistics, graphic, comparison, the scientific literary analysis, systematic approach, mathematical methods of treatment, correlation method, survey method. Conclusions: 1. Of the 32 dogs who were with complicated babesiosis infection in most cases (41 %) had 1-5 years of age group of dogs , mostly bastards had 13 (39.4 % ), followed by the Scottish terrier , 3 (9 %) , with 62.5 % of males recorded and females 37.5 % 2. The largest outbreaks occurred in the spring (47 %) and autumn (37 %) during the season 3. The analysis of blood biochemical parameters were found to Babesia in blood biochemical parameters were abnormal values: blood urea... [to full text]

Thesis (doctoral)--University of St. Gallen, 2009.

Zugl.: Leipzig, Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.

Zugleich: Diss. Hagen, 1997. / Literaturverz.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of organic solvents in the work environment represents a significant risk to workers health. The painters composed, among others, a group of individuals who are in direct contact with solvents through the respiratory and dermal route. The biological monitoring, through biological exposure index (BEI) determination, can ensure the emergence of chronic occupational diseases, even in a long-term exposure. Thus, it was aimed to optimize and validate a methodology using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), for the simultaneous quantification of the following BEI: hippuric acid (HA), 3-methylhippuric acid (3mHA), mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) in urine to the solvents toluene, xylene, styrene (MA and PGA) and ethylbenzene (MA) respectively. In addition, there are reports that organic solvents, among other agents, cause imbalance in pro - and antioxidant defenses of the body, causing damage to the health of workers due to the oxidative stress. So, we quantified some blood biomarkers of oxidative stress, and its possible relationship to the levels of BEI in painters (n = 50) of an industry in Caxias do Sul, Brazil, and compared with non-exposed subjects. Thus, the biomarkers analyzed were: endogenous antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E; in addition we determined two biomarkers of oxidation, in lipid peroxidation, we evaluate the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and in oxidation of proteins, we analysed protein carbonyl (PCO). The analytical parameters evaluated were linearity, accuracy, recovery and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). For all the analysed BEI, the linear regression coefficient > 0.99; CV% < 6 %; bias% < ± 10; recovery > 95%; LOD between 0.001 to 0.009 g.L-1 and LOQ between 0.04 to 0.02 g.L-1. In the application of the method, in exposed group (n=50), everyone had urinary concentration of HA; 2.5% of those were above the reference values (RV) and only 8% of these, had values above the biological exposure limit (BEL). Methylhippuric acid was found in 96%, PGA in 30%, and MA in 26% of the samples analyzed, those values, were all below the BEL. Among non-exposed ones, only urinary HA has been found, the values were 0.058 to 0.23 g / g creatinine. In relation to the oxidative stress biomarkers, the levels of plasma MDA and serum PCO were significantly increased compared to controls (p <0.01). The levels of erythrocyte GSH (p<0.05); blood SOD, CAT and GPx (p<0.001) were also significantly increased, showing an increase in antioxidant system in response to the deleterious effects of exposure to paints. The levels of exogenous antioxidants, such as vitamin C and vitamin E were significantly reduced in these subjects (p<0.05) compared to control. Moreover, it was observed a correlation between the biomarkers of oxidative stress and some BEI. The urinary mandelic acid, biological exposure index for styrene and ethylbenzene, showed a positive correlation with the enzymes SOD and CAT, and the MDA (p<0.01) and a negative correlation with vitamin E (p<0. 05). The hippuric acid found in urine samples showed a positive correlation with the blood levels of GPx (p<0.001). Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between MDA and PCO (p<0.001), and negative correlation between PCO with GPx, with vitamin C and with E (p <0.05). The results of the validation methodology showed linearity, precision and accuracy, allowing conclude that the method is reliable to quantify the biological exposure indices, HA, mHA, MA and PGA, simultaneously. Furthermore, the levels of these BEI showed to be within the biological exposure limits. The biomarkers of oxidative stress related to lipid peroxidation and the oxidation of proteins were significantly increased even with an increase in endogenous antioxidants analyzed, GSH, SOD, CAT and GPx. Moreover, there was a depletion of exogenous antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E. So with this work we can suggest that the biological exposure limit for the metabolites of toluene, xylene, styrene and ethylbenzene analyzed, failed to ensure the balance in antioxidant/oxidant status to exposed workers. / O uso de solventes orgânicos no meio ocupacional representa significativo risco à saúde do trabalhador. Os pintores compõem, dentre outros, um grupo de indivíduos ocupacionalmente expostos aos solventes, através da via respiratória e dérmica. A monitorização de indicadores biológicos de exposição (IBE) pode assegurar, em longo prazo, o não aparecimento de doenças crônicas ocupacionais. Desta forma, objetivou-se otimizar e validar uma metodologia utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector ultravioleta (CLAE-UV), para a quantificação simultânea dos seguintes IBE: ácidos hipúrico (HA), 3-metilhipúrico (3mHA), mandélico (MA) e fenilglioxílico (PGA) em urina, dos solventes tolueno, xileno, estireno (MA e PGA) e etilbenzeno (MA) respectivamente. Além disso, existem relatos de que solventes orgânicos, dentre muitos outros agentes, ocasionam desequilíbrio nas defesas pró- e antioxidantes do organismo, ocasionando danos à saúde dos trabalhadores devido ao estresse oxidativo. Portanto, quantificou-se alguns biomarcadores sangüíneos do estresse oxidativo, verificando-se sua possível relação com os níveis dos indicadores biológicos em pintores (n=50) de uma indústria da cidade de Caxias do Sul, RS, comparando-os com os indivíduos não expostos ocupacionalmente. Assim, os biomarcadores analisados foram: antioxidantes endógenos como a glutationa reduzida (GSH), as enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx); antioxidantes exógenos como as vitaminas C e E; e os biomarcadores de oxidação, no caso da peroxidação lipídica, o malondialdeído (MDA), e da oxidação de proteínas, as proteínas carboniladas (PCO). Os parâmetros analíticos de validação foram linearidade, precisão, exatidão, recuperação e limites de detecção (LD) e quantificação (LQ). Para todos os IBE analisados, os coeficientes de regressão linear > 0.99; CV% < 6%; bias% < ±10; recuperação > 95%, LD entre 0,001 a 0,009 g.L-1 e LQ de 0,04 a 0,02 g.L-1. Na aplicação do método validado, das amostras de indivíduos expostos (n=50), todos apresentaram concentração urinária de HA; 2,5% destes, acima dos valores de referência (VR) e apenas 8% destes, apresentaram valores acima do índice biológico máximo permitido (IBMP). Foram encontrados mHA em 96%, PGA em 30%, e MA em 26% das amostras analisadas, sendo estes valores, todos abaixo do IBMP. Dentre os indivíduos não expostos (n=30), somente HA foi encontrado, os valores foram de 0,058 0,23 g/g de creatinina urinária. Quanto aos biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo, os níveis de MDA plasmático e de PCO sérica foram significativamente aumentados comparados aos controles (p<0,01). Os níveis de GSH eritrocitária (p<0,05); SOD, CAT e GPx (p<0,001) sangüíneas também foram significativamente aumentados, demonstrando um aumento no sistema antioxidante em resposta aos efeitos deletérios da exposição às tintas. Os níveis de antioxidantes exógenos, vitamina C e vitamina E estavam significativamente diminuídos nestes indivíduos (p<0,05) quando comparados aos controles. Além disso, foi observada correlação entre os biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo e os IBE. O ácido mandélico urinário, indicador de exposição ao estireno e ao etilbenzeno, apresentou correlação positiva com as enzimas SOD e CAT, e com o MDA (p<0,01), e uma correlação negativa com a vitamina E (p<0,05). O ácido hipúrico urinário apresentou correlação positiva com os níveis sangüíneos de GPx (p<0,001). Além disso, foi encontrada correlação positiva entre MDA e PCO (p<0,001); e correlação negativa das PCO com GPx, com vitamina C e E (p<0,05). Os resultados da validação metodológica demonstraram linearidade, precisão e exatidão, permitindo concluir que o método é confiável para quantificar os indicadores biológicos de exposição, HA, mHA, MA e PGA, simultaneamente. Além disso, os níveis dos IBE mostraram-se quase que na sua totalidade, dentro dos índices biológicos máximos permitidos. Os biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo relacionados com a peroxidação lipídica e com a oxidação de proteínas apresentaram-se significativamente aumentados mesmo com um aumento dos antioxidantes endógenos analisados, GSH, SOD, CAT e GPx. Por outro lado, observou-se uma depleção dos antioxidantes vitamínicos exógenos, como as vitaminas C e E. Assim, com este trabalho é possível sugerir que os IBMP, para os IBE dos solventes orgânicos tolueno, xileno, estireno e etilbenzeno analisados, não asseguram o equilíbrio antioxidante/oxidante nos trabalhadores expostos.