Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-24T12:22:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Carolina Olga da Fonseca Ribeiro.pdf: 957069 bytes, checksum: 6b731873bdaed13662659a64dff75afc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T12:22:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Carolina Olga da Fonseca Ribeiro.pdf: 957069 bytes, checksum: 6b731873bdaed13662659a64dff75afc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of freezing and cooling on the physiological quality and storage of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata Dusch), green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) produced in biodynamic systems. The seeds were frozen at -18?C and cooled to 15?C for two periods (36 hours and 7 days) using two types of packaging (PET bottles and special plastic vacuum bags). These seeds were evaluated initially and after the treatments for vigor, germination percentage and sanity. After the treatments the seeds were stored under ambient conditions and in a cold room. Vigor and germination were evaluated every 45 days for six months and in the sixth month the sanity test was performed. For pumpkin seeds, treatment combining the exposure time of 36 hours at -18?C in PET packaging did not alter the physiological quality and percentage of fungi in the seeds. When submitted to -18?C for 7 days in vacuum packaging the lowest averages were found. During storage for six months, germination and first germination count resulted in higher averages when stored under refrigeration, and seedling length averages were statistically the same regardless of storage location. Time caused a reduction in seed viability and the reduction of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium in pumpkin seeds. For green bean seeds, treatment combining the 7-day exposure time at -18?C and PET packaging did not alter the physiological quality of the seeds and fungus contamination. The lowest averages were obtained by combining the time of 36 hours, the vacuum packing and the temperature of -18?C. The storage site was not significant, while the time was relevant for the first germination test count, reducing viability. There was a reduction of the genus Penicillium in green bean seeds after 180 days of storage in both environments. For corn seeds, the highest percentages of germination were observed in the treatment combining the time of 36 hours at 15?C and the PET package, while for the seedling length and first count of the germination test, the exposure time of 7 days at -18?C provided higher averages in both packages. In the sanitary evaluation of this treatment using PET packaging, there was a significant increase in contamination by the genus Fusarium. The lowest percentages of germination were obtained in the treatment combining the time of 7 days at -18?C and the vacuum packaging. For seedling length and first count of germination test the time of 36 hours and vacuum packaging, regardless of temperature, provided the lowest averages. The storage site was not significant, while the time was relevant for all maize seed evaluations, reducing viability. In the sixth month an increase of the genus Penicillium was observed in the seeds stored in refrigeration. The results of this experiment suggest that the freezing of seeds at -18?C in PET packages, with different exposure times that will vary according to each species, may promote an increase in seed vigor and possible maintenance of viability and sanity during storage / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do congelamento e do resfriamento na qualidade fisiol?gica e na armazenagem de sementes de ab?bora (Cucurbita moschata Dusch), feij?o-vagem (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e milho (Zea mays L.), oriundas de cultivo biodin?mico. As sementes foram congeladas a -18?C e resfriadas a 15?C, por dois per?odos de tempo (36 horas e 7 dias), utilizando dois tipos de embalagem (garrafas PET e sacos pl?sticos especiais com v?cuo). Estas sementes foram avaliadas inicialmente e posteriormente aos tratamentos quanto ao vigor, ao percentual de germina??o e sanidade. Ap?s os tratamentos as sementes foram armazenadas em condi??es de ambiente e em c?mara fria. Foram realizadas avalia??es de vigor e germina??o a cada 45 dias por seis meses e no sexto m?s foi realizado o teste de sanidade. Para as sementes de ab?bora, o tratamento combinando o tempo de exposi??o de 36 horas a -18?C em embalagem PET n?o alterou a qualidade fisiol?gica e as porcentagens de fungos nas sementes. Quando submetidas a -18?C por 7 dias em embalagem a v?cuo foram encontradas as menores m?dias. Durante a armazenagem por seis meses, a germina??o e primeira contagem de germina??o resultaram em maiores m?dias quando armazenadas sob refrigera??o, e as m?dias de comprimento de pl?ntulas se apresentaram estatisticamente iguais, independente do local de armazenamento. O tempo provocou uma redu??o na viabilidade das sementes e a redu??o dos g?neros Aspergillus e Penicillium nas sementes ab?bora. Para as sementes de feij?o-vagem, o tratamento combinando o tempo de exposi??o de 7 dias a -18?C e a embalagem PET n?o alterou a qualidade fisiol?gica das sementes e a contamina??o por fungos. As menores m?dias foram obtidas combinando o tempo de 36 horas, a embalagem a v?cuo e a temperatura de -18?C. O local de armazenagem n?o foi significativo, enquanto que o tempo foi relevante para a primeira contagem do teste de germina??o, provocando redu??o da viabilidade. Ocorreu uma redu??o do g?nero Penicillium nas sementes de feij?o-vagem, ap?s 180 dias de armazenagem em ambos os ambientes. Para as sementes de milho, as maiores porcentagens de germina??o foram observadas no tratamento combinando o tempo de 36 horas a 15?C e a embalagem PET, enquanto que para o comprimento de pl?ntulas e primeira contagem do teste de germina??o, o tempo de exposi??o de 7 dias e a -18?C proporcionaram maiores m?dias, em ambas as embalagens. Na avalia??o sanit?ria deste tratamento utilizando a embalagem PET, ocorreu um aumento significativo na contamina??o pelo g?nero Fusarium. As menores porcentagens de germina??o foram obtidas no tratamento combinando o tempo de 7 dias a -18?C e a embalagem a v?cuo. Para o comprimento de pl?ntulas e primeira contagem do teste de germina??o, o tempo de 36 horas e a embalagem a v?cuo, independente da temperatura, proporcionaram as menores m?dias. O local de armazenagem n?o foi significativo, enquanto que o tempo foi relevante para todas as avalia??es das sementes de milho, provocando redu??o da viabilidade. No sexto m?s observou-se um aumento do g?nero Penicillium nas sementes armazenadas em refrigera??o. Os resultados deste experimento sugerem que o congelamento de sementes a -18?C em embalagens PET, com diferentes tempos de exposi??o que v?o variar de acordo com cada esp?cie, pode promover um aumento no vigor das sementes e poss?vel manuten??o da viabilidade e sanidade durante a armazenagem.

A uva é uma das frutas in natura mais consumidas no Brasil e no mundo. A sua fragilidade e perecibilidade exigem embalagens adequadas, que além de proteger a uva sirvam para a sua exposição e promoção. Foram entrevistados 33 atacadistas responsáveis por 80% do volume da uva européia com semente, comercializada na CEAGESP - Companhia de Entreposto Armazéns Gerais do Estado de São Paulo. A primeira entrevista levantou a percepção das características e da importância da embalagem pelos atacadistas. A segunda entrevista tratou da escolha pelos atacadistas das características da embalagem ideal e permitiu o design de quatro modelos de embalagem. As características comuns aos quatros modelo da embalagem ideal são: caixa de papelão ondulado, aberta, com abas nas laterais, reforço nas quinas, impermeabilização, cor de fundo branca, duas cores de cobertura (vermelho e verde), com ilustração, peso líquido de 5 kg, altura de 14 cm, largura de 30 cm e comprimento de 40 cm. As características que as diferenciam são o número de furos de ventilação dois ou três e a localização das travas - na testeira ou na lateral. / The grape is one of the most consumed fresh fruit in Brazil and worldwide. Because Its fragility and perishability, it requires proper packaging, which also serves to protect, expose and promote. We have interviewed 33 wholesalers responsible for 80% of the volume of seeded european grape at Sao Paulo Terminal Market of CEAGESP. The first interview has evaluated the characteristics and importance of packaging perception by wholesalers. At the second interview the wholesalers have chosen the package ideal characteristies for the seeded european grapes and they have concluded for four different package models. The common characteristics of the ideal packaging are: corrugated box, open box, with tabs on the sides, reinforcing the corners, waterproofing, white background, two-color cover (red and green), with illustration, weight 5 kg, height 14 cm, width 30 cm and length 40 cm. The characteristics that differentiate are the number of ventilation holes, two or three and the place of locks - on the frontlet or the side.

Phase I clinical trials in oncology aim to evaluate the toxicity risk of new therapies and identify a safe but also effective dose for future studies. Traditional Phase I trials of chemotherapies focus on estimating the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The rationale for finding the MTD is that better therapeutic effects are expected at higher dose levels as long as the risk of severe toxicity is acceptable. With the advent of a new generation of cancer treatments such as the molecularly targeted agents (MTAs) and immunotherapies, higher dose levels no longer guarantee increased therapeutic effects, and the focus has shifted to estimating the optimal biological dose (OBD). The OBD is a dose level with the highest biologic activity with acceptable toxicity. The search for OBD requires joint evaluation of toxicity and efficacy. Although several seamleass phase I/II designs have been published in recent years, there is not a consensus regarding an optimal design and further improvement is needed for some designs to be widely used in practice. In this dissertation, we propose a modification to an existing seamless phase I/II design by Wages and Tait (2015) for locating the OBD based on binary outcomes, and extend it to time to event (TITE) endpoints. While the original design showed promising results, we hypothesized that performance could be improved by replacing the original adaptive randomization stage with a different randomization strategy. We proposed to calculate dose assigning probabilities by averaging all candidate models that fit the observed data reasonably well, as opposed to the original design that based all calculations on one best-fit model. We proposed three different strategies to select and average among candidate models, and simulations are used to compare the proposed strategies to the original design. Under most scenarios, one of the proposed strategies allocates more patients to the optimal dose while improving accuracy in selecting the final optimal dose without increasing the overall risk of toxicity. We further extend this design to TITE endpoints to address a potential issue of delayed outcomes. The original design is most appropriate when both toxicity and efficacy outcomes can be observed shortly after the treatment, but delayed outcomes are common, especially for efficacy endpoints. The motivating example for this TITE extension is a Phase I/II study evaluating optimal dosing of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with a fixed dose of daratumumab in the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. The toxicity endpoint is observed in one cycle of therapy (i.e., 4 weeks) while the efficacy endpoint is assessed after 8 weeks of treatment. The difference in endpoint observation windows causes logistical challenges in conducting the trial, since it is not acceptable in practice to wait until both outcomes for each participant have been observed before sequentially assigning the dose of a newly eligible participant. The result would be a delay in treatment for patients and undesirably long trial duration. To address this issue, we generalize the time-to-event continual reassessment method (TITE-CRM) to bivariate outcomes with potentially non-monotonic dose-efficacy relationship. Simulation studies show that the proposed TITE design maintains similar probability in selecting the correct OBD comparing to the binary original design, but the number of patients treated at the OBD decreases as the rate of enrollment increases. We also develop an R package for the proposed methods and document the R functions used in this research. The functions in this R package assist implementation of the proposed randomization strategy and design. The input and output format of these functions follow similar formatting of existing R packages such as "dfcrm" or "pocrm" to allow direct comparison of results. Input parameters include efficacy skeletons, prior distribution of any model parameters, escalation restrictions, design method, and observed data. Output includes recommended dose level for the next patient, MTD, estimated model parameters, and estimated probabilities of each set of skeletons. Simulation functions are included in this R package so that the proposed methods can be used to design a trial based on certain parameters and assess performance. Parameters of these scenarios include total sample size, true dose-toxicity relationship, true dose-efficacy relationship, patient recruit rate, delay in toxicity and efficacy responses.

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a framework of statistical methods that allows us to represent complex relationships between variables. SEM is widely used in economics, genetics and the behavioral sciences (e.g. psychology, psychobiology, sociology and medicine). Model complexity is defined as a model’s ability to fit different data patterns and it plays an important role in model selection when applying SEM. As in linear regression, the number of free model parameters is typically used in traditional SEM model fit indices as a measure of the model complexity. However, only using number of free model parameters to indicate SEM model complexity is crude since other contributing factors, such as the type of constraint or functional form are ignored. To solve this problem, a special technique, Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis (CTA) is examined. A tetrad refers to the difference in the products of certain covariances (or correlations) among four random variables. A structural equation model often implies that some tetrads should be zero. These model implied zero tetrads are called vanishing tetrads. In CTA, the goodness of fit can be determined by testing the null hypothesis that the model implied vanishing tetrads are equal to zero. CTA can be helpful to improve model selection because different functional forms may affect the model implied vanishing tetrad number (t), and models not nested according to the traditional likelihood ratio test may be nested in terms of tetrads. In this dissertation, an R package was created to perform CTA, a two-step method was developed to determine SEM model complexity using simulated data, and it is demonstrated how the number of vanishing tetrads can be helpful to indicate SEM model complexity in some situations.

(in English): This paper focuses mainly on the problem of the Mesolithic-Neolithic contact in the Iron Gates gorge at the turn of the 7th and 6th millenniums BC. A special emphasis is put on the eponymous site of Lepenski Vir. From a geographic point of view, this area represents a natural border between countries Serbia and Romania. There, in different layers and at different locations, were excavated and explored settlements documenting activities and social contact between the Mesolithic and Neolithic populations, as well as the transition from the Mesolithic way of life to the sedentary Neolithic one. The first part of the paper is devoted to an overview of scientific research, a development of views on the process of Neolitization and all the important aspects of culture. The second part deals with the examination of the first form of contact between Mesolithic and Neolithic populations based on the results of natural and archaeological research with theoretical application of the migration model, from the American anthropologist David W. Anthony.

Low-income populations in the United States consume less healthful diets than higher-income populations, specifically relating to fruit and vegetable consumption. The supplemental nutrition program Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is intended to bridge this gap by providing nutrition education and vouchers for nutritious foods. The purpose of this study was to determine if the 2009 WIC food package revisions impacted fruit and green vegetable consumption in 18 to 24-year-old females in California. Using the social ecological model as a guide, a population of WIC (N = 115) and non-WIC (N = 276) participants from the California Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were analyzed for trends on daily fruit and green vegetable consumption over the period of years 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015. ANCOVA analysis showed that WIC and non-WIC populations did not consume significantly different amounts of green vegetables, but did consume significantly different amounts of fruits, p = .120 and p = .028 respectively. Additionally, WIC participant fruit consumption did not significantly increase over the years, p = .376. However, a decrease of .031 (95%CI [.019,.584], p = .037) was identified in green vegetable consumption between 2009 and 2015. Due to mean differences between samples and years it is evident that there are influencing factors driving fruit and vegetable consumption outside of income barriers, such as possible social or environmental factors. This study adds to the literature regarding the WIC food package revisions and may promote positive social change by encouraging future researchers to identify barriers to healthful diets in WIC populations and determine if additional food package revisions may be needed to increase healthful diets in low-income populations.

The Maple V package Vessiot is an extensive set of procedures for performing computations in variational and tensor calculus. Vessiot is an extension of a previous package, Helmholtz, which was written by Cinnamon Hillyard for performing operations in the calculus of variations. The original set of commands included standard operators on differential forms, Euler-Lagrange operators, the Lie bracket operator, Lie derivatives, and homotopy operators. These capabilities are preserved in Vessiot, and enhanced so as to function in a multiple coordinate frame context. In addition, a substantial number of general tensor operations have been added to the package. These include standard algebraic operations such as the tensor product, contraction, raising and lowering of indices, as well covariant and Lie differentiation. Objects such as connections, the Riemannian curvature tensor, and Ricci tensor and scalar may also be easily computed. A synopsis of the command syntax appears in Appendix A on pages 194 through 225, and a complete listing of the Maple procedural code is given in Appendix B, beginning on page 222.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a Learning Package on nutritional counseling principles in diabetes mellitus with specific application for adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes. The Learning Package was designed to be used as continuing education material for the clinical dietitian. It consisted of two audio tapes, 2 1/2 hours in length, recorded by the author and an accompanying handbook or resourcebook. The resourcebook materials were designed to give further details, provide resources and materials for future reference, visually reinforce the audio presentation, summarize information given in the presentation, and give a bibliography of the references cited. The presentation was divided into four sections: Guidelines for Education of Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus; Educational Program Planning in a Health Care Agency; The Adolescent with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes; The Educator-Client Interaction. Following initial formative evaluations, the Learning Package was field tested in a seminar for practicing clinical dietitians held in three locations with several subjects completing the test in the home setting. Pre and posttest scores and attitudes of the participants towards the Guidelines and Learning Package were collected and are reported. Suggestions for improvement of the Learning Package and demographic data were also collected and are reported. Only 13.8% of the subjects met the 90% criterion as determined on the posttest. There was improvement from both forms of the pretests to the posttest. Tests of statistical significance were not conducted. Participants indicated acceptance of the Learning Package as a continuing education tool and of the Guidelines as of practical value to them in their practices. Recommendations are made for improvement and revision of the Learning Package and final (summative) evaluation and testing before packaging and distribution by the American Dietetic Association. It is concluded that the Learning Package is acceptable to practitioners and, with the suggested revisions, can meet the continuing education needs of dietitians to improve nutritional education of persons with diabetes, as identified in the literature.

In Australia, the development and implementation of National Training Packages has been a major tool in the drive to reform of the vocational education and training system. The main aim of the reform is to establish a national vocational and education system within a federal political system and to make vocational educations and training providers more responsive to the needs of industry, by industry specifying its skill needs through the mechanism of national Training Packages. The background to this workplace project, the Review of the Community Services Training Package, and this study, is established by a review of policy and literature in relation to national training reform issues and stakeholder management within a public policy context. This review established some principles of good practice in relation to stakeholder management. The industry context of the workplace project is discussed. The workplace project is then unpacked in some detail with specific reference to stakeholder management strategies and issues and some specific stakeholder groups. This exegesis goes on to explore stakeholder behaviour in this particular workplace project in its historical context of the introduction of Training Packages to the vocational education and training system. It explores the perspectives of teachers and industry on the implementation of Training Packages and in particular the gap between educational technologies and industry expectations of standards of work performance. The exegesis concludes with some suggestions of opportunities for enhanced workplace practice in stakeholder management and for further research. It also suggests a job of work for industry and teachers to develop new communities of practice around Training Packages as a means of bringing together their sometimes divergent interests.

<p>The main objective of this thesis is to understand why there is imbalance of exchange students of Sweden and Thailand. We have analyzed the interviewed data of Swedish students who had experience of studying at universities in Thailand. Our research has revealed the factors and issues behind the imbalance situation. After analyzing factors we have proposed some recommendations in order to improve the pedagogy to increase the number of Swedish students deciding to study at Universities in Thailand so that the exchange imbalance could be reduced. Furthermore, we have proposed a favor product package for Swedish students that can help them to decide to study in Thailand.</p>