Individuality – both as a philosophical category and a way of living – forms the focal point of a resonance between our times and the 17th-century. Impelled by this haunting resonance, and in an attempt to understand it, my paper examines the literary history of biographical writing in both Europe and South Asia, from 560 BCE to 1700 CE. What is it about the 17th century that is so specific? Why do only these biographies strike us as records of the lives of true individuals? And why do individuals first appear in 17th century South Asia? To adequately comprehend this nomadic literary genre, we must abstract ourselves from the geography and examine the thematic aspects of our texts. I suggest it is imperative to look at modes of life as they are formed over time, across Europe and South Asia. That is, we most focus on the philosophically-rich questions of the categories that structured lives. Pausing in the 17th century, I examine the Viaggi of Pietro Della Valle (an Italian traveler in Turkey, Iran and South Asia) and the Ardhakathānaka of Banārasīdāsa (the first Indian autobiography, comprising the records of a Jain merchant roaming South Asia). For just one generation, from 1600-1650, autobiographical writing becomes an ethical practice by which they reflect on and build individuality. / text

Este trabalho investiga discursos e modelos de amor romântico construídos em filmes do cinema hollywoodiano, especialmente nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. Debate-se o papel do cinema na constituição de referências sobre a idealização e a experiência de relacionamentos amorosos e como esse contribui para reproduzir crenças e valores morais a respeito do amor que são pertinentes à modernidade e suas especificidades sociais, culturais e históricas. Nisso, observam-se no período analisado citações constantes de produções de outras épocas, indicando, especialmente em um contexto de grande presença de mídias audiovisuais na vida cotidiana, que o próprio cinema se utiliza como referência ao tratar do tema amor e reproduz isso como algo corriqueiro e culturalmente estabelecido. / This research investigates the discourses and models of romantic love constructed in Hollywood movies, more specifically in the 90s and 2000s. One argue the role of cinema in constituting references about the idealization and experience of love relationships and how this cinema contributes on reproducing beliefs and moral values about love that are pertinent to modernity and its social, cultural and historical specificities. Thus, in the analysed period, it could be observed constant quotations of films from other times, suggesting, especially in a context of great presence of audiovisual medias in everyday life, that cinema uses itself as reference when it comes about love and reproduces it as a commonplace, culturally established.

Salientando asserções principais da Fenomenologia do Espírito sobre a categoria da individualidade, este estudo pretende avaliar o papel da literatura na compreensão da assim chamada efetivação da consciência-de-si racional através de si mesma. Na primeira parte, a grande obra de Hegel é apresentada como uma tentativa de destituir o estatuto transcendental da subjetividade na filosofia moderna. Na segunda, mostra-se como Hegel concebe, contra outras disciplinas em voga, a auto-criação humana da individualidade, baseado na experiência de três famosas personagens literárias: Fausto, Karl von Moor e Dom Quixote. / By highlighting major statements from the Phenomenology of Spirit on the individuality category, this inquiry intends to appreciate the role of literature in understanding the so-called realization of racional self-consciousness through itself. In the first part, Hegels great work is presented as an attempt to depose the transcendental status of subjectivity in modern philosophy. In the second one, its shown how, against other current disciplines, Hegel conceives the human self-creation of individuality, based on the experience of three famous literary characters: Faust, Karl von Moor and Don Quixote.

The goal of this paper is to clarify Martin Buber's concept of guilt. To make the notion of guilt clear we will use mainly Buber's papers 'I and Thou','The Problem of Man','Images of Good and Evil' and the short essay 'Guilt and Guilt Feelings'. During our analysis we will also focus on other important notions of Buber's philosophical system and their possible development. Among other things, it will be the notion of the world, relationship and essential determination.The whole paper is intended to clarify Buber's dispute with psychoterapists, mainly with S. Freud, over the nature of guilt in the essay 'Guilt and Guilt Feelings'.

Este trabalho investiga discursos e modelos de amor romântico construídos em filmes do cinema hollywoodiano, especialmente nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. Debate-se o papel do cinema na constituição de referências sobre a idealização e a experiência de relacionamentos amorosos e como esse contribui para reproduzir crenças e valores morais a respeito do amor que são pertinentes à modernidade e suas especificidades sociais, culturais e históricas. Nisso, observam-se no período analisado citações constantes de produções de outras épocas, indicando, especialmente em um contexto de grande presença de mídias audiovisuais na vida cotidiana, que o próprio cinema se utiliza como referência ao tratar do tema amor e reproduz isso como algo corriqueiro e culturalmente estabelecido. / This research investigates the discourses and models of romantic love constructed in Hollywood movies, more specifically in the 90s and 2000s. One argue the role of cinema in constituting references about the idealization and experience of love relationships and how this cinema contributes on reproducing beliefs and moral values about love that are pertinent to modernity and its social, cultural and historical specificities. Thus, in the analysed period, it could be observed constant quotations of films from other times, suggesting, especially in a context of great presence of audiovisual medias in everyday life, that cinema uses itself as reference when it comes about love and reproduces it as a commonplace, culturally established.

This thesis is a practical project which involves moving images and paintings together as a medium that explores phenomena of contemporary China relating to personal identity, independence and its relationship with the traditional importance on collective groups, group centredness and interdependence. The project’s approach draws on sociological research on Western thought, values and beliefs naturally occurring in China since the “Open Door” policy as raw data to focus on the transition and transformation of contemporary Chinese individuality, and translates these data to form the concepts underpinning the metaphoric method of my artwork. Bubbles are the main visual symbols that metaphorically imply the incessantly transformable Chinese individuality and social cultural identity. My aim has been to portray this phenomenon through artistic practices on screens. By reflecting and engaging with moving images and paintings, underpinned by theoretical research and methods including data collecting, self-reflecting on data, practical manifestation and self-inquiry, I have attempted to unfold the phenomenon of contemporary Chinese individuality through my art practice. The thesis is composed as a creative work of moving images accompanied by an exegesis component. The moving image represents a nominal 80%, and the exegesis 20% of the final submission.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Ashland Theological Seminary, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-151).

This thesis is an attempt to understand the accomplishment and restrictions of present liberalism from the viewpoint of communitarianism. Liberalism (or constitutional democracy) is the representation of the long-term history of mutual influences among political, cultural and economic structures in western civil society. It is not an abstract noun; on the contrary, it represents the result of dialogues among numerous individuals and communities under specific contexts of time and space. Civil society emerges at the same time when individuals depart from the traditional community. Accordingly, there is a qualitative change in the citizenship from active republicanism to passive liberalism. In other words, citizens are no longer interested in political participation, and turn to self-realization in personal matters. On the one hand, it results in a diverse and prosperous society; on the other hand, the positive citizen participation gradually collapses during this process. The phenomenon mentioned above requires us to find an institution or procedure to balance the common goods and private interests. Meanwhile, certain virtues of the citizenry are requisite to maintain the system. If not, no matter how perfect the institution is, it will be threatened by failure. Therefore, in order to promote the virtues of the citizens and to respond to the vigorous individuality and a diverse and prosperous society, constitutional democracy should be taken as the core of our civil education.

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The education is the national economy develops the biggest prop and the foundation industry, the network teaching took one kind of emerging teaching form surely obtains the vigorously development. China's economy level of development is imbalanced, the city and countryside difference is bigger, therefore the education resources ration in on partial has the enormous disproportionality. But the network teaching exactly can make up this , it is not the space and time and the education resources limit, can the conformity entire society's education resources, use for the different region study. In addition nearly several comes the China telecommunications the vigorous development, has laid the solid foundation for the network teaching popularization. Therefore, the 21st century networks teaching will substitute traditional the classroom instruction form, will raise the new revolution in the education domain. The information will be the major tendency which now the world economics and the society develops, the time information causes new knowledge, the new thing massively to emerge. This requests the people to have to move towards the lifelong study from the disposable study, but the network teaching went out the campus for the education to step has provided the powerful support to the society, caused the education socialization, caused the study adaptation. The network teaching will become has not encircled the school, will become the social life a part. Along with the society to the talented person demand transformation, the education more and more pays great attention to the student individuality development. Each student's individuality and cultural base irregular, therefore is also various to the teaching way request. If carries on the teaching with the unification teaching way unavoidably to have stretches the facts it to dislike, limits student's individuality development. The network teaching actually causes the individuality teaching which teaches students in accordance with their aptitude possibly to become.