Chaque année, des milliers d’Indo-Canadiens envoient des sommes considérables du Canada vers l’Inde. Ces flux, mieux connus sous le nom de transferts de fonds (TDF), ont connu une croissance soutenue et ce, même depuis la crise économique mondiale de 2008. Or, que savons-nous des raisons qui motivent ces transferts de fonds du pays d’accueil vers le pays d’origine, et plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne la diaspora indo-canadienne (DIC)? L’objectif de la présente recherche est de proposer un cadre opératoire et des pistes de recherche qui permettent de jeter les bases d’une étude qualitative de plus grande ampleur sur le sujet. Pour développer notre grille, nous recensons et analysons de façon critique la littérature portant sur les déterminants des TDF. Nous élaborons ensuite un profil socioéconomique, socioprofessionnel et historique de la DIC. Nous arrivons à la conclusion que quatre variables importantes doivent être étudiées et proposons un certain nombre d’indicateurs afin d’y arriver. Il s’agit des variables migration, famille, attachement familial et attachement au lieu d’origine.

n view of the volume of literature already written about the caste-system, it would seem that yet another entry should ha been unnecessary. Yet it was precisely because of this mighty flood of titles that the present investigation was undertaken. Not only were there many conflicting definitions of the term "caste" itself; there were, also, many conflicting opinions as to the antiquity of the caste-system. In many cases, the latter problem wa was functionally related to the former. A definition of caste had been formulated on the basis of contemporary social practice. Then, this definition was projected backwards into the dim reaches of historical antiquity by means of selectively picking over the Indo-Aryan literature to find passages which lent support to the contemporary definition. Prestol "Caste Through the Ages". Aside from the ethical considerations, or, rather, lack of them, involved in such a modus operandi, the results shed little light upon the social structure of ancient India. The Indo-Aryan literature contained many passages which, when taken out of conto the contemporary definition. Prestol "Caste Through the Ages". Aside from the ethical considerations, or, rather, lack of them, involved in such a modus operandi, the results shed little light upon the social structure of ancient India. The Indo-Aryan literature contained many passages which, when taken out of context, lent support to practically any proposition an investigator might have wished to have uphold. Therefore, the intent of this inquiry was to determine the structure of the Indo-Aryan society from its literature, without pre-conceived opinions as to the existence of any particular social institution

Les rivières des systèmes insulaires de la région Indo-Pacifique abritent de nombreuses espèces d’organismes migrateurs qui sont les seules espèces capables de coloniser naturellement les cours d’eau. Les stratégies de dispersion de ces organismes diadromes représentent un moteur essentiel de la structuration et de la persistance des communautés allant de l’échelle locale du cours d’eau, d’une île ou d’un archipel, à l’échelle régionale. En raison de l’isolement, les populations locales n’assurent leur pérennité qu’en maintenant une dispersion marine forte, permettant la colonisation de milieux nouveaux et un recrutement indépendant des conditions locales de reproduction. Chez les mollusques Gastéropodes, la famille des Neritidae est constituée d’espèces diadromes amphidromes à répartition restreinte et d’espèces à plus large répartition. Nous avons essayé, par l'étude des traits de vie de ces espèces, de contribuer, notamment, à la compréhension des facteurs qui régulent la dispersion et le recrutement, afin d'aider à la gestion durable de ces taxons et de leurs habitats, et ce dans un contexte de changement global et d'anthropisation croissante. Après avoir effectué la synthèse des connaissances actuelles sur les nérites amphidromes, nous avons réalisé une révision taxinomique du complexe 'Neritina pulligera' et étudié la phylogéographie de deux espèces, N. stumpffi et N. canalis, à l'aide du barcoding moléculaire et d'études morphologiques. Nous avons ainsi mis en évidence la présence d'espèces cryptiques au sein du complexe étudié, et le rôle de deux barrières biogéographiques régulant la circulation des larves, la première entre le Pacifique ouest et le Pacifique central, la seconde entre l'océan Pacifique et l'océan Indien. Enfin, notre travail a également ouvert, à travers le marquage vital et la microchimie, des perspectives intéressantes dans l'étude de l'opercule qui pourrait être utilisé comme outil multiusage et archive environnementale permettant de décrypter les traits de vie des nérites. / Rivers in Indo-Pacific islands are colonised by diadromous species, and as migrating species, they are the only ones capable of naturally colonising insular freshwaters. Dispersal strategies of these diadromous species are essential for the colonisation and the persistence of freshwater communities at a local scale, but also at the island and regional scales. Because of their isolation, local populations can only be perennially maintained by an important marine dispersal, allowing the colonisation of new environments with a recruitment independent from the local reproduction conditions. Within the gastropod molluscs, the Neritidae family is composed of diadromous amphidromous species; there are widespread species and others have a more restricted distribution area. By analysing life history traits of these species, we contributed to the understanding of the factors regulating dispersal and recruitment. In the context of global change and rising human impacts on the environment, our results will bring knowledge for the sustainable management of these taxa. After having synthesised the present knowledge on amphidromous neritids, we undertook the taxonomic revision of the ‘Neritina pulligera’ complex. We also studied the phylogeography of two species, N. stumpfii and N. canalis by a molecular barcoding approach. Our results show the presence of cryptic species within the complex studied. We also show that there are two biogeographic barriers, one between the West Pacific and the Central Pacific, and the other between the Indian and the Pacific oceans, playing an important role in the regulation of oceanic larval circulation. Finally, our work on the vital marking and the microchemical analysis of the operculum, has given rise to new interesting research perspective. Indeed, the operculum could be used as an environmental archive allowing deciphering some life history traits of this group.

O trabalho analisa um conjunto de fragmentos de Safo e Alceu em busca de resquícios da poesia praticada pelos povos indo-europeus. A análise parte da comparação entre aspectos da poesia de ambos autores dentro do contexto mais amplo da poesia de culturas de origem indo-europeia, centrando-se em aspectos de dicção, fórmulas, métrica e uma mitologia comum. Com isso, descobrem-se amplos laços de contato entre a poesia dos autores lésbios com diversas tradições poéticas, tais como a indiana, a iraniana, a irlandesa, a germânica, dentre outras. Além disso, o trabalho toca um pouco em um aspecto correlato, que são as relações entre a poesia lésbia e outras tradições poéticas gregas, especialmente a épica, representada por Homero. Por fim, conclui-se que a poesia lésbia se centra dentro de uma firme tradição indoeuropeia comum a toda a poesia grega, recebida diferentemente por cada um dos dois poetas: de maneira mais conservadora para Alceu, e Safo, em diversos momentos, ressignificando essa tradição, sem contudo se afastar dela. / This work investigates a group of fragments by the Lesbian poets Sappho and Alcaeus in search of relics from the poetry of the ancient Indo-European people. The investigation starts from the comparison between aspects of the poetry of both poets in the wider context of poetry of Indo-European origin, focusing on aspects of diction, formulae, metrics and a common inherited mythology. Numerous links are discussed between the Lesbian poets and several poetic traditions such as Indian, Iranian, Irish, Germanic, among others. Besides, this work touches a correlate point by screening the relations between Lesbian and other Greek poetic traditions, specially epic, as represented by Homer. At last, the conclusion is that Lesbian poetry represents a firm Indo-European poetic tradition, one that is common to all Greek poetry and received differently by each of both poets: more conservatively by Alcaeus, and Sappho, in several moments reshaping this tradition without distancing itself from it.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire, antiquité, culture, art--Paris--École pratique des hautes études, 2001. Titre de soutenance : Histoire et monnayage des Indo-Scythes et des Indo-Parthes, 1er siècle avant notre ère-1er siècle de notre ère : catalogue raisonné des monnaies du Cabinet des médailles. / Bibliogr. p. 145-151. Index.

Habilitationsschrift--Heidelberg, 1966. / Bibliography: p. 131-138. Also issued online.

O trabalho analisa um conjunto de fragmentos de Safo e Alceu em busca de resquícios da poesia praticada pelos povos indo-europeus. A análise parte da comparação entre aspectos da poesia de ambos autores dentro do contexto mais amplo da poesia de culturas de origem indo-europeia, centrando-se em aspectos de dicção, fórmulas, métrica e uma mitologia comum. Com isso, descobrem-se amplos laços de contato entre a poesia dos autores lésbios com diversas tradições poéticas, tais como a indiana, a iraniana, a irlandesa, a germânica, dentre outras. Além disso, o trabalho toca um pouco em um aspecto correlato, que são as relações entre a poesia lésbia e outras tradições poéticas gregas, especialmente a épica, representada por Homero. Por fim, conclui-se que a poesia lésbia se centra dentro de uma firme tradição indoeuropeia comum a toda a poesia grega, recebida diferentemente por cada um dos dois poetas: de maneira mais conservadora para Alceu, e Safo, em diversos momentos, ressignificando essa tradição, sem contudo se afastar dela. / This work investigates a group of fragments by the Lesbian poets Sappho and Alcaeus in search of relics from the poetry of the ancient Indo-European people. The investigation starts from the comparison between aspects of the poetry of both poets in the wider context of poetry of Indo-European origin, focusing on aspects of diction, formulae, metrics and a common inherited mythology. Numerous links are discussed between the Lesbian poets and several poetic traditions such as Indian, Iranian, Irish, Germanic, among others. Besides, this work touches a correlate point by screening the relations between Lesbian and other Greek poetic traditions, specially epic, as represented by Homer. At last, the conclusion is that Lesbian poetry represents a firm Indo-European poetic tradition, one that is common to all Greek poetry and received differently by each of both poets: more conservatively by Alcaeus, and Sappho, in several moments reshaping this tradition without distancing itself from it.

This thesis provides a detailed description and analysis of the Mankiyali phonology, a hitherto undocumented and endangered language of northern Pakistan. The language is spoken by about 500 people in a remote mountainous area in the Mansehra district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. The data contained herein is a result of first-hand fieldwork with native Mankiyali speakers between 2019 and 2021. Data collection methods include recordings of naturally occurring discourse (e.g., stories, poems, conversations) and elicitation sessions with native speaker consultants. Topics covered in the thesis include an account of Mankiyali's phonemic inventory, phonotactics, a description of some phonological processes, minimal word constraints, and word stress placement.

No description available.

No description available.