Swedish wood product industry contributes significantly to the economy of the country. This industry adds more value to the sawn timber produced in order to manufacture different wooden products. Companies in Swedish wood product industry are presently seen as underdeveloped in terms of investments and developments in automation technologies. Automation technologies are seen by companies as a solution for improving productivity, product quality, manufacturing cost reduction and ultimately improving competitiveness. This has driven competing companies to pursue automation technologies that improve manufacturing processes. Literature in the Wood product industry field shows that there is need for extended automation technologies. The wood product industry has high degree of handcraft; for instance, some Swedish wood product manufacturers still have an essentially manual manufacturing process. This study seeks to understand the role of automation in the Swedish wood product industry and mainly focuses on the factors that drive and restrain companies in this industry to adopt and use automation technologies. An abductive research approach was applied, consisting of a literature review and multiple empirical case studies. The literature review was conducted to provide theoretical background on the general view of automation and the factors that affect adoption of new technologies in companies. The case studies were performed in collaboration with four wood product manufacturers within different business areas in order to analyse and compare similarities and differences in the factors that drive and restrain adoption of automation technologies. The findings imply that companies in the Swedish wood product industry face different factors that drive and restrain them from adopting automation technologies. The factors are both internal and external to the companies. Among the noticeable ones are the high product variety, lack of automation strategies, heterogeneous material property of wood, low competence levels regarding automation technologies, varying demands from the customers, and relationship with the suppliers of automation technologies. Regardles of the restraining factors faced by companies in the Swedish wood product industry, there is a great opportunity to improve their production systems in terms of automation technologies. There is now a growing treand in these companies to prioritise automation technologies as a competitive factor. This study contributes to the knowledge regarding the factors that drive and restrain the adoption of automation technologies and how companies could deal with such factors in the Swedish wood product industry.

Abstract The impact of environmental regulation on competitiveness is a major issue of concern to policy makers. It has also been the subject of considerable academic debate in the past few years on environment-competitiveness. The relationship between environmental goals and industrial competitiveness has conventionally been thought of as involving a tradeoff between social benefits and private costs. In the recent decade, the environment-competitiveness debate has been shifted to a new dynamic international competitiveness paradigm. Michael Porter suggested that the traditional trade-off between environmental regulation and competitiveness may have overestimated environmental compliance costs, neglected innovation offsets, and disregarded the affected industry's initial competitiveness. In this thesis, we aim to examine firm-level evidence to assess the Porter hypothesis as well as the basic correlation between environmental goals and industrial competitiveness. Our approach mainly concentrates on the possibility of Porter hypothesis. Porter hypothesis suggests that more severe environmental regulation may have a positive effect on firm¡¦s performance by stimulating innovation. To capture the dynamic impacts and the incurred adjustments for enterprises in complying with the environmental standard requires a model with dynamic adjustment features. Our investigation shows that the impact of environmental regulation on TFP growth rate could become less detrimental and even positive, confirming the Porter hypothesis. This dynamic pattern is seen clearly in our results in many samples.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O principal objetivo deste trabalho à avaliar a relevÃncia de infraestruturas econÃmicas para a competitividade industrial dos estados do Cearà e Santa Catarina no perÃodo 1980 â 2010, sendo o perÃodo tratado no trabalho sob a forma de quinquÃnios, com a tÃcnica de AnÃlise EnvoltÃria de Dados (DEA), haja vista o Ãltimo estado apresentar indÃstria desconcentrada em seu territÃrio e maior participaÃÃo no PIB industrial brasileiro e o estado nordestino apresentar, nas Ãltimas dÃcadas, iniciativas para desconcentrar a indÃstria da regiÃo metropolitana de Fortaleza, tornando-se mais competitivo. Para isso, considerou-se como benchmark o estado de SÃo Paulo por apresentar historicamente o maior PIB industrial das unidades da federaÃÃo. Com testes economÃtricos fora definida uma funÃÃo de produÃÃo e foram usados dados das seguintes variÃveis: Capital, emprego e variÃveis de infraestrutura (comunicaÃÃes, energia e transportes). Foram formuladas capacidades (indicadores) com as informaÃÃes de infraestrutura. A DEA tem como princÃpio comparar a eficiÃncia entre unidades (realidades operacionais ao invÃs de ideais intangÃveis). Considerando-se a eficiÃncia clÃssica, cerca de 52% das observaÃÃes foram classificadas como eficientes (Cearà apresentou o maior nÃmero de unidades eficientes). No entanto, para a eficiÃncia composta normalizada, considerada como uma avaliaÃÃo pessimista, somente 1 observaÃÃo foi considerada eficiente (Santa Catarina no ano de 2000). Independentemente do tipo de eficiÃncia, Santa Catarina apresentou a menor eficiÃncia mÃdia. Os resultados encontrados corroboram para a relevÃncia (peso) das infraestruturas consideradas para a eficiÃncia (competitividade industrial) dos estados.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:52:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Leme da Silva Fleury Bonini.pdf: 1242460 bytes, checksum: 488c23820ad95328d64109fa8e4c21e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-04 / The globalization of capital and the process of globalization are largely responsible for increasing competitiveness. On one hand, firms strategically seeking the best location to optimize the costs of production and distribution, on the other, local governments compete to create the most appropriate basket of opportunity to postulate the attraction of new private businesses. Under the vision of the New Economic Geography (NEG), this paper measures the indicators of geographical concentration maps and the spatial location of where they are established major industrial clusters of the State of São Paulo. Also investigates what are the positive externalities, or centripetal forces that lead to agglomeration of activities, and the negative externalities, or centrifugal forces, which lead to spreading of investments. To this end, this research presents estimates cross section, which incorporates the contributions of theories of endogenous growth. The model is evaluated empirically through several variables by means of an application to the cities of São Paulo in 2010. The main results show that the number of industries and the population with at least upper level of completed graduation, positively influence the agglomeration. Have the greater the distance of the town to the capital, the less likely the occurrence of agglomeration. The conclusion we reached is that the municipal level, the agglomeration of industries is a sufficient condition for attracting new businesses and is consistent with the clusters theory proposed by Krugman (1997), while in micorregion level demonstrate the relevance of skilled human capital as a determining factor in the location of industries, supporting ideas by Porter (1989). We recommend that municipalities acting cooperatively, can outperform the indicators that determine the formation of the industrial GDP and thus become more attractive for private investment, contributing to an environment where companies create competitive advantages. Evident the need for efforts to ensure that municipalities think of public policies together with the governments of region; and, with State aid, can improve the indicators presented, creating development poles that resonates in improvements in quality of life for society / A mundialização do capital e o processo da globalização são os grandes responsáveis pelo o aumento da competitividade. Se por um lado, as empresas buscam estrategicamente a melhor localização para otimizar os custos de produção e de distribuição, por outro, os governos locais competem entre si para criar a cesta de oportunidade mais adequada para postular a atração de novos negócios privados. Sob a visão da Nova Geografia Econômica (NGE), pesquisamos quais são as externalidades positivas, ou forças centrípetas, que levam à aglomeração das atividades, e as externalidades negativas, ou forças centrífugas, que levam a dispersão dos investimentos. Para este fim, apresentamos estimativas cross section avaliadas empiricamente através de diversas variáveis por meio de uma aplicação para as cidades e microrregiões paulistas no ano de 2010. Os principais resultados mostram que o número de indústrias do setor de transformação e a população com pelo menos o nível superior de graduação concluído, influenciam positivamente a aglomeração. Já quanto maior a distância da localidade até a capital, menores são as chances da ocorrência da aglomeração. A conclusão que chegamos é que ao nível municipal, a simples aglomeração de indústrias é condição suficiente para a atração de novas empresas e condiz com a teoria dos benefícios dos clusters proposta por Krugman (1997), ao passo que no nível micorregional demonstramos a relevância do capital humano qualificado como fator de determinante na localização de indústrias, corroborando as ideias de Porter (1989). Sugerimos que os municípios agindo cooperativamente em suas microrregiões, podem apresentar melhor desempenho dos indicadores que determinam a formação do PIB industrial e desta forma se tornam mais atrativos ao investimento privado, contribuindo com um ambiente onde as empresas criam suas vantagens competitivas. Evidenciamos a necessidade de esforços para que municípios pensem em políticas públicas em conjunto com os governos da microrregião; e, com a ajuda estatal, consigam melhorar os indicadores apresentados, criando polos de desenvolvimento que ressoe em melhorias na qualidade de vida para a sociedade

Submitted by Secretaria Pós de Produção (tpp@vm.uff.br) on 2017-07-27T20:18:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 M2014 - LUIZ OTAVIO DE LUCA MONTEIRO.pdf: 11595202 bytes, checksum: e16cb581530b32169591d230c114e1a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T20:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 M2014 - LUIZ OTAVIO DE LUCA MONTEIRO.pdf: 11595202 bytes, checksum: e16cb581530b32169591d230c114e1a4 (MD5) / Este trabalho visa avaliar a atratividade para participação e a percepção dos agentes envolvidos no fomento e operação do Parque Tecnológico do Rio, dedicados a práticas de inovação e Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento (P&D) que suportem o setor de petróleo e gás no Brasil. Aliados a adoção da política industrial de Conteúdo Local para este setor, o objetivo conjunto destas iniciativas é alavancar a rotina de P&D na indústria nacional, tornando-a robusta e com níveis de competitividade para atuar em outros mercados globais, para suprir as demandas nacionais e externas, sendo autossuficiente quando a política industrial de Conteúdo Local deixar de ser mandatória. Os participantes foram agrupados em diferentes blocos de respondentes, de acordo com as características de atuação, e por intermédio de um questionário busca-se identificar os aspectos possíveis de melhoria. As análises realizadas, baseadas na técnica de Teoria do Incidente Crítico, estabelecem abordagem com opiniões de todos os agentes e também avaliações desassociadas para gerar perfil de cada grupo em estudo. O capítulo 1 introduz o tema, descreve aspectos fundamentais para a formulação do problema e elenca os objetivos principais do estudo. O capítulo 2 descreve a revisão ibliográfica que embasou o estudo. O capítulo 3 aponta a metodologia utilizada, a estratégia de pesquisa, a coleta e o tratamento dos dados. O capítulo 4 detalha o estudo de caso e explicita os resultados da pesquisa. O capítulo 5 apresenta a conclusão e as recomendações do trabalho. / This work aims to evaluate the attractiveness for participating and perceptions of the actors involved in the promotion and operation of the Rio Technology Park, dedicated to innovation and Research & Development (R & D) to support the oil and gas sector in Brazil. With adoption of Local Content industrial policy for this sector, all initiatives aim is to leverage the R & D in the domestic industry culture of work, making it robust and competitive to act in other global markets, supplying the domestic and external demands being self-sufficient when the industrial policy of the Local Content no longer is mandatory. The participants were grouped into different blocks according to their role in this project, and a questionnaire was sent to these participants to identify improvement in the Technology Park´s operation and management. The analysis based on the Critical Incident Technique establishes a consolidated view with opinions of all agents and also generate a disassociated view from each block of participant, based on their role. Chapter 1 introduces the subject, describes fundamental aspects for the formulation of the problem and lists the main objectives of the study. Chapter 2 is about the bibliographies that based the study. Chapter shows the applied methodology, the survey strategy and the data collection and treatment. Chapter 4 details the case study and explicit search results. Chapter 5 presents the conclusion and recommendations of the work.

<p>This thesis deals with the causes and effects of spatial clustering of similar and related economic activity. The relationship between spatial clustering and industrial competitive-ness is analysed in a series of empirical studies, revolving around four research questions: How useful is an institutional approach in analyses of spatial clustering? Can the link between spatial clustering and industrial performance be empirically validated and measured by quantitative methods? In what sense does spatial clustering promote localised processes of learning and innovation? What role can industrial and regional policies play in promoting the type of localised processes emphasised in spatial clustering research?</p><p>It proves to be a rather complicated matter to measure the impact of spatial clustering on firm performance. In the case of export-oriented manufacturing firms in Sweden, the co-location of firms in a particular industry appears to have only a modest impact on export performance. However, when a more qualitative approach is applied, there is some evidence that spatial clustering can have a positive impact. A study of the Swedish music industry indicates that there is indeed a link between the concentration of music-related businesses in the Stockholm region and localised processes of learning and innovation. Such localised processes appear, in turn, to be linked to the ability to create and sustain industrial competitiveness. Finally, the thesis examines how the cluster concept has been put into practice in Swedish industrial and regional policies.</p>

This thesis deals with the causes and effects of spatial clustering of similar and related economic activity. The relationship between spatial clustering and industrial competitive-ness is analysed in a series of empirical studies, revolving around four research questions: How useful is an institutional approach in analyses of spatial clustering? Can the link between spatial clustering and industrial performance be empirically validated and measured by quantitative methods? In what sense does spatial clustering promote localised processes of learning and innovation? What role can industrial and regional policies play in promoting the type of localised processes emphasised in spatial clustering research? It proves to be a rather complicated matter to measure the impact of spatial clustering on firm performance. In the case of export-oriented manufacturing firms in Sweden, the co-location of firms in a particular industry appears to have only a modest impact on export performance. However, when a more qualitative approach is applied, there is some evidence that spatial clustering can have a positive impact. A study of the Swedish music industry indicates that there is indeed a link between the concentration of music-related businesses in the Stockholm region and localised processes of learning and innovation. Such localised processes appear, in turn, to be linked to the ability to create and sustain industrial competitiveness. Finally, the thesis examines how the cluster concept has been put into practice in Swedish industrial and regional policies.

本研究主要研究台灣電影產業環境及其競爭力，並透過研究給予電影產官學界在電影產業發展上的建議。研究方法是透過市場集中度瞭解目前台灣電影三大部門──製作業、發行業及映演業的市場集中情形，確立台灣電影產業之產業結構；再者，以麥克‧波特提出之產業環境類型檢視，瞭解其產業環境現況；最後以前兩步驟之結果為基礎，再經由鑽石理論之六大構面分析台灣電影產業在各項分析面向上的優、劣勢及可能的發展機會，彙整出台灣電影整體產業發展中，政府擬定政策、業者思考經營決策及電影產業學術研究上未來可行性的建議。 / The main scope of this research is to study the environment of film industry in Taiwan as well as its competitiveness. Also, throughout the research, opinions towards the film academia in the film industry shall also be elucidated. The research is carried out via acquaintance of concentration ratio of the three main parts in a film industry—production, distribution, and exhibition; furthermore, to clarify the production structure of the Taiwan film industry. Also, the current industry environment is evaluated by Michael Porter’s survey method. Lastly, based on the two aforementioned procedures of results with the application of the diamond theory altogether, a detailed analysis of the Taiwan film industry regarding the advantage and disadvantage and the relevant topics shall be further discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6192.pdf: 2977985 bytes, checksum: a581f8afdd14f56caea568b8b83a9e8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-17 / The area of Strategic Planning seeks to understand how the company creates and maintains competitive advantage, considering factors external and internal constraints. Among these, the lines of thought related to the Resource Based View, the Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning, there are the Dynamic Capabilities, necessary for enterprises to integrate, build and reconfigure internal and external competencies to respond quickly to environmental changes: absorptive capacity related to knowledge; adaptive capacity, organizational learning; and innovation capacity related to innovation and market advantage. Still under development, this recent approach to strategic management is criticized for its weakness in guiding the development and management of capacity and organizational resources. This study proposes that the integration of knowledge management, generating absorptive capacity and organizational learning, generating adaptive capacity, can foster innovation and organizational performance, and can promote indirectly, mediated by innovation, superior organizational performance generated directly, characterizing the generation of innovation capacity; and that if this performance is superior to that of competitors, featuring competitive advantage. This argument has been translated into a model of hypotheses, to contribute to the research model of dynamic capabilities developed by Wang and Ahmed (2007) by detailing how dynamic capabilities can relate and generate differential performance and innovativeness. Results of the questionnaire developed and applied to CEOs of four plants manufacturing Mato Grosso biodiesel, and a national unit of a global corporation in the auto parts industry recognized for its innovativeness and its performance was compared qualitatively to illustrate the model proposed. The results of this study reinforced the proposition and hypotheses examined in a preliminary way. From the viewpoint of view of dynamic capabilities were related the effects of integration of knowledge management and organizational learning in innovation and organizational performance , and indicated how this integration can generate differential organizational performance and innovativeness. / A área de Planejamento Estratégico procura compreender como a empresa gera e mantém vantagem competitiva, considerando fatores condicionantes externos e internos. Dentre estes, nas linhas de pensamento relacionadas à Visão Baseada em Recursos, à Gestão de Conhecimento e à Aprendizagem Organizacional, destacam-se as Capacidades Dinâmicas, necessárias para que as empresas integrem, construam e reconfigurem competências internas e externas para responder rapidamente a mudanças ambientais: capacidade absortiva, relacionada ao conhecimento; capacidade adaptativa, relacionada à aprendizagem; e a capacidade de inovação, relacionada à inovação e à vantagem de mercado. Ainda em desenvolvimento, esta recente abordagem da gestão estratégica é criticada por sua fragilidade em orientar o desenvolvimento e a gestão das capacidades e dos recursos organizacionais. Neste estudo se propõe que a integração da gestão do conhecimento, geradora da capacidade absortiva, e da aprendizagem organizacional, geradora da capacidade adaptativa, pode favorecer a inovação e o desempenho organizacional, e pode promover indiretamente, mediada pela inovação, desempenho organizacional superior ao gerado diretamente, caracterizando a geração da capacidade de inovação; e que se este desempenho for superior ao dos concorrentes, caracteriza a vantagem competitiva. Este argumento foi traduzido em um modelo de hipóteses, visando contribuir com o modelo de pesquisa das capacidades dinâmicas elaborado por Wang e Ahmed (2007) por meio do detalhamento de como as capacidades dinâmicas podem se relacionar e gerar diferenciais de desempenho e a capacidade de inovação. Resultados do questionário desenvolvido e aplicado a CEOs de quatro usinas de fabricação de biodiesel mato-grossenses, e de uma unidade nacional de uma corporação globalizada do setor de autopeças reconhecida por sua capacidade de inovação e por seu desempenho, foram comparados qualitativamente para ilustrar o modelo proposto. Os resultados reforçaram a proposição deste estudo e as hipóteses analisadas de forma preliminar. Sob a ótica da visão das capacidades dinâmicas, foram relacionados os efeitos da integração da gestão do conhecimento e da aprendizagem organizacional na inovação e no desempenho organizacional, e indicado como esta integração pode gerar diferenciais de desempenho organizacional e a capacidade de inovação.

金融科技在近年來已成為企業界與學術界所討論的顯學，但如何有效兼顧監理、法令遵循與促進產業發展，並因應創新商業模式，設計出法規與監理措施，已成為一道難題。基於上述背景，監理沙盒的概念與制度應運而生。我國版的金融監理沙盒，已於2018年1月31日公布。然而，除了金融科技創新，其他產業同樣有創新的必要，在面臨既有法規的限制，同樣有所掣肘。金融科技以外的領域，是否有類似「監理沙盒」的機制，在不分產業別的狀況下，應用在創新的實驗？日本在2014年1月20日起施行的「產業競爭力強化法」，用於創新技術或服務的「企業實證特例制度」及「灰色地帶消除制度」兩項機制，即為不限金融科技領域，適用於各個產業的沙盒制度。 本研究透過檢視日本產業競爭力強化法，深究其內容及機制的優缺點，與推行實績及具體的兩個個案後，據以反思我國是否可透過參考「灰色地帶消除制度」、「企業實證特例制度」的運作，與各產業內的潛在創新者更緊密合作，以有利於未來當主管機關面臨創新與法規的衝撞時，掌握對於各產業的影響。回歸我國法制，本研究針對「金融科技發展與創新實驗條例草案」，包括立法目的、概要，條例中的申請及審查、監督及管理，及實驗期間法令之排除適用及法律責任豁免等議題進行研析，並針對日本推動新事業活動特例措施，與我國金融科技發展與創新實驗條例，進行比較。同時亦將監理沙盒模擬演練的過程中，針對演練的架構、步驟、實際狀況、回饋與心得，提出歸納成果，並針對業者與主管機關進行協商與溝通的階段，歸納出具有邏輯性與合理性的執行步驟與方法論，做為當業者在準備階段與主管機關往返溝通與提案時的參考。 本研究認為，當創新與科技在與金融結合時，創新服務與法規監管的本質不同，所造成的緊張與衝突在所難免，也因此更應該體認到數位時代下主管機關對於法規調適與鬆綁之必要性。在臚列我國於發展第三方支付立法的經驗作為前車之鑑，及剖析日本產業競爭強化法的制度與實績作為他山之石後，本研究認為新創事業無論在籌備階段、實驗階段、營運階段，對於法規的特例需求的確不同於一般事業。因此政府應秉持以下三項原則予以協助：(一)法規對新創企業應更友善且主動輔導、(二)抱持產業永續發展的思維看待新創產業、(三)消費者權益維護與企業營運必須兼顧。 本研究的另一研究結果為，經過個案模擬演練的操作後，歸納並提出七個執行步驟，並建議業者可針對此七個步驟進行腦力激盪與預先演練模擬，在有限的時間內以最高的效率備齊相關文件，以減少審核等待期。最後，本研究認為，業者與主管機關在議題協商時須充分考量有關於創新、業務、消保、法遵等四個面向的議題，且以公私協力的前提下，隨時調整並良性溝通。而主管機關更應加速金融科技的法規革新速度，並適度鬆綁不適用的法規，創造一個對於新創產業相對友善的法規環境，協助新創業者在業務上的發展，使我國能在金融科技戰場上決勝。 / In recent years, financial technology, aka FinTech, has become a significant study discussed by industries and academics. However, how to effectively manage supervisory, compliance with laws and promote industrial development, and how to design regulatory and supervisory measures in response to innovative business models have become a big challenge. Based on the abovementioned facts, the concept of Regulatory Sandbox came into being. Taiwan’s Act on Financial Technology Innovations and Experiments was released on January 31, 2018. Besides FinTech, innovation is equally necessary and indispensable for other industries that also restrained by the limitations of the existing laws and regulations. Are there any mechanisms similar with Regulatory Sandbox for those innovators in other industries? Japan released the Act on Strengthening Industrial Competitiveness on January 20, 2014, which provided two mechanisms, Special System for Corporate Field Tests and System to Remove Gray Zone Areas, for innovative technologies and services for all industries. This essay targets Japan’s and Taiwan’s Acts on Financial Technology Innovations as research objectives, discusses the investigations in both countuires, and provides suggestions for future works. Firstly, this study explores the strengths and weaknesses of its contents and mechanisms by examining Japan’s Act on Strengthening Industrial Competitiveness, and aims at extending the practical angle to Taiwan for the future when facing the conflict between innovation and regulation. Secondly, the essay aims at studying Taiwan’s Act on Financial Technology Innovations and Experiments, and comparing the differences between Japan’s and Taiwan’s Acts. Finally, by observing the results of sandbox simulation exercises, this study elaborates implemental procedures, and logical methodologies as a reference for practitioners to communicate with and submit proposals to the authorities during the preparatory phase. Due to the nature difference of innovation technology and financial supervision, it is considered that the tensions and conflicts are inevitable. Therefore, it is more necessary to amend the existing regulations or even deregulate for start-up. Furthermore, by learning from Taiwan's experience in developing third-party payment legislation and Japan's legislations and actual practices released, this study obtains that deregulation and coordination from government agencies considered highly important to startup operators in every stage. In terms of industry development, further suggestions are concluded in this research for government agencies, including (1) laws and regulations should be more friendly for new start-up, (2) to maintain the sustainable development of start-up industries and operators, and (3)-to achieve balance between the protection of consumer rights and business continuity. After conducting sandbox case simulation exercises, this essay proposes seven procedures for start-up to efficiently go through with internal brainstorming while in preparation stage under a limited time. The last part of the study sets out four topics for practitioners and the competent authorities that are related to innovation, business, consumer protection and law compliance when negotiating the regulatory issues during experiments, hoping to provide a solid methodology beneficial to FinTech practitioners.