In the last two decades, emotion has emerged as an important theme in discussions of design. However, there is no framework to date that encompasses both emotion and information design in a single theory. This dissertation was motivated by a lack of substantive theory that would allow design researchers and educators to model the relationships among information artifacts, audiences, and designers in specific contexts. This demand for work in this area also calls for a reconsideration of the current scholarship of information design by shifting its focus from objects to people, from technical rationality to value-laden human communication, from efficiency to holistic experience and effectiveness. Through examination of existing views about information design and the nature of information, this work advances the idea that information can be better conceptualized as a medium in which designers have the ability to influence situated and value-laden human actions, as well as a medium in which designers can be influenced by situated human actions. This conceptualization of information as twoway mediation between designer and audience allows us to reconsider information design as a meaningful social activity, of which designers are an integral part. This research consists of two parts. First, it proposes a framework called Modes of Wonder that allows designers to model an audience's emotional experience in relation to information artifacts. Through examination of four thematic variations of wonder (wonder, astonishment, amazement, and sublimity), Modes of Wonder provides a meta-language that is able to model one's emotional experience in relation to information artifacts. Furthermore, it may be used by designers in the planning process when solving a design problem, and by educators as a tool for critique. Second, this research presents a Point of View framework, which allows us to describe design strategies used for creating information artifacts. While Modes of Wonder, in Chapter 3, focuses on the relationship between information artifacts and audiences, the Point of View framework in Chapter 4 – which includes person, perspective, mode, and principle as the primary frames – illustrates the relationship between information artifacts and the designer who has created a specific response to a particular design problem. In order to demonstrate how these two frameworks can help us uncover plausible design strategies in a particular context of information ii design, I examine three cases of information artifacts that respond to specific design problems through use of the thematic variations of Point of View and Modes of Wonder as conceptual tools for analysis. This research makes the following contributions: it provides a theoretical framework that models the relationship among information artifacts, audiences, and designers in specific contexts. Specifically, Modes of Wonder allows design researchers and educators to articulate the relationships between information artifacts and audiences. In turn, the Point of View framework provides an approach for modeling design strategies that are often implicitly used by designers to create information artifacts aimed at producing a particular emotional effect for an audience.

abstract: This paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of deceptive data visualizations paired with explanatory text. Data visualizations are used to communicate information about important social issues to large audiences and are found in the news, social media, and the Internet (Kirk, 2012). Modern technology and software allow people and organizations to easily produce and publish data visualizations, contributing to data visualizations becoming more prevalent as a means of communicating important information (Sue & Griffin, 2016). Ethical transgressions in data visualizations are the intentional or unintentional use of deceptive techniques with the potential of altering the audience’s understanding of the information being presented (Pandey et al., 2015). While many have discussed the importance of ethics in data visualization, scientists have only recently started to look at how deceptive data visualizations affect the reader. This study was administered as an on-line user survey and was designed to test the deceptive potential of data visualizations when they are accompanied by a paragraph of text. The study consisted of a demographic questionnaire, chart familiarity assessment, and data visualization survey. A total of 256 participants completed the survey and were evenly distributed between a control (non-deceptive) survey or a test (deceptive) survey in which participant were asked to observe a paragraph of text and data visualization paired together. Participants then answered a question relevant to the observed information to measure how they perceived the information to be. The individual differences between demographic groups and their responses were analyzed to understand how these groups reacted to deceptive data visualizations compared to the control group. The results of the study confirmed that deceptive techniques in data visualizations caused participants to misinterpret the information in the deceptive data visualizations even when they were accompanied by a paragraph of explanatory text. Furthermore, certain demographics and comfort levels with chart types were more susceptible to certain types of deceptive techniques. These results highlight the importance of education and practice in the area of data visualizations to ensure deceptive practices are not utilized and to avoid potential misinformation, especially when information can be called into question. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Technical Communication 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:20:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_lps_me_bauru.pdf: 1211335 bytes, checksum: 6acf377c927488f9d17d5b01537817fe (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa coloca em discussão e questão dos manuais de instrução que acompanham os produtos do Pólo Moveleiro de Arapongas, Paraná. Com o objetivo de investigar as características desse tipo de documento, este estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de manuais, em papel, angariados no Pólo. Para isso, elaborou-se um referencial teórico onde se procurou contextualizar a indústria moveleira, enfatizando as principais características do Pólo de Arapongas, sua relação com o design, com a normalização e com os manuais de instrução. Um estudo sobre os tipos, características e nomenclaturas de documentos de suporte, foi desenvolvido para melhor conhecimento dos títulos e conteúdos. Realizou-se uma investigação teórico-analítica dos manuais, em relação às características de produção gráfica do documento, a abordagem do conteúdo processual e não processual, e a apresentação gráfica. A aplicação de tais metodologias possibilitou obter dados que, ao serem sistematizados e discutidos, permitiram a proposição de nomenclaturas vinculadas ao conteúdo e ao objetivo do documento, identificar as principais características dos manuais e suas precariedades específicas. Além desses resultados, pôde-se propor algumas indicações para melhoria desses manuais e criar subsídios para futuras investigações e diretrizes acerca dos manuais da indústria moveleira / This study discusses the manuals of instruction that come with the products from the Pool of Furniture Manufacturers in the town of Arapongas, State of Parana. This reserach used printed manuals of instruction collected from the plants at the pool in Arapongas. In order to investigate the characteristics of this sort of document, a theoretical referential was developed, trying to contextualize the furniture industry with emphasis on the main characteristics of the pool of furniture manufacturers in Arapongas, its relation with design, with standardization and manuals of instruction. A study about types, characteristics and nomenclatures of support documents was developed aiming at a better understanding of the titles and contents. A theoretical-analytical analysis of the manuals, concerning their graphic production characteristics, the approach of their process and non-process contents, and their graphic presentation was carried out. The use of such methodology made possible to obtain data that, after systematized and discussed, allowed for the proposition of nomenclatures linked to the content and objective of the document, as well as for the recognition of the main characteristics of the manuals of instruction and their specific drawbacks. Apart from the results mentioned above, it was also possible to make some suggestions aiming at improving the quality of such manuals, at creating resources for future investigations and guidelines regarding manuals of instruction for the furniture industry

Denna rapport är resultatet av mitt examensarbete i informationsdesign vid Mälardalens Högskola. Rapporten behandlar utvärdering och utveckling av ett gränssnitt som används på charkuterimaskinen Handtmann VF 300. Målgruppen är nyanställda personer på charkuteriföretaget ”Ingemar Johansson i Sverige AB”. Rapporten beskriver det tillvägagångssätt som använts för att utveckla gränssnittet och målet har varit att göra det lättare för nyanställda att förstå hur det fungerar. Det nya gränssnittet skulle också minska olycksrisken och göra användarna tryggare. Detta för att uppfylla de krav som ställs på årets tema som är säkerhet. Utprovningar har skett på det befintliga och nya gränssnittet i form av kvalitativa intervjuer och användartester. Data som samlats in vid användartester på det befintliga gränssnittet har stått som grund vid utvecklingen av det nya. Resultatet visar stora skillnader vid användning av de båda gränssnitten.

This thesis consists of three independent essays on the design of matching markets, with a primary goal to understand how information interacts with matching mechanisms especially in the applications to school choice and college admissions. The first chapter compares theoretically the non-strategyproof Boston mechanism and the strategy-proof deferred acceptance mechanism when taking into account that students may face uncertainty about their own priorities when submitting preferences, one important variation from the complete information assumption. The second chapter evaluates the effectiveness of a strategy-proof mechanism when students have to submit preferences before knowing their priorities using both theory and data. The third chapter turns attention to a new mechanism that is sequentially implemented and can encourage truth-telling. Nevertheless, such implementation often faces time constraint. This chapter therefore offers an inquiry of the pros and cons of the time-constrained sequential mechanism. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad topic that many researchers and stakeholders want to implement into their daily tasks. There are expectations to implement AI in hospitals, starting with mammography centers. But there is a need to guarantee that it will be efficient and safe to use, and that requires a lot of research. However, the challenge is about how radiologists should understand how AI will communicate when it shows unclear results during mammography examinations. When it comes to cultural communication and expectations, radiologists are working with visual communications, since that is where they see the x-ray images of breasts. However, there seems not to be any clear directions on how the AI is supposed to communicate back, in a visual and explainable way. The current studies do not focus on the practical usage of AI towards its target group and how they take in information and how they take in information that is consistent with their work habits and the use of visual communication, as well as human interaction. The goal of this thesis is to view this field from an information design perspective and contribute with a different view. This master thesis will explore the possibility of how visual mapping can contribute for radiologists, in mammography, that will eventually work alongside AI. To highlight important factors that are important when it comes to working with AI. As well as inviting AI researchers and experts to explore the expectations of AI in mammography. The theoretical framework contains explainable AI (XAI), scientific visualization, visual perception, human computer interaction (HCI) and visual mapping etc. This research will use design thinking processes, to empathize with the radiologist and conduct interviews, artifact analysis and finalize a prototype. The results of the thesis will highlight important keywords from the participants that are emphasized on the prototype. / Artificiell intelligens (AI) är ett brett ämne som många forskare och intressenter vill implementera i sina dagliga uppgifter. Det finns förväntningar på att implementera AI på sjukhus, till att börja med mammograficentra. Men det finns ett behov av att garantera att det blir effektivt och säkert att använda, och det kräver mycket forskning. Utmaningen handlar dock om hur radiologer ska förstå hur AI kommer att kommunicera när den visar oklara resultat vid mammografiundersökningar. När det gäller kulturell kommunikation och förväntningar arbetar radiologer med visuell kommunikation, eftersom det är där de ser röntgenbilder av bröst. Det verkar dock inte finnas några tydliga instruktioner om hur AI:n ska kommunicera tillbaka, på ett visuellt och förklarligt sätt. De aktuella studierna fokuserar inte på den praktiska användningen av AI mot sin målgrupp och hur de tar in information och hur de tar in information som stämmer överens med deras arbetsvanor och användningen av visuell kommunikation, samt mänsklig interaktion. Målet med denna uppsats är att se detta fält ur ett informationsdesignperspektiv och bidra med en annan syn. Detta examensarbete kommer att utforska möjligheten av hur visuell kartläggning kan bidra för radiologer, inom mammografi, som så småningom kommer att fungera tillsammans med AI. Att lyfta fram viktiga faktorer som är viktiga när det kommer till att arbeta med AI. Samt att bjuda in AI-forskare och experter att utforska förväntningarna på AI inom mammografi. Det teoretiska ramverket innehåller förklarlig AI (XAI), vetenskaplig visualisering, visuell perception, mänsklig datorinteraktion (HCI) och visuell kartläggning etc. Denna forskning kommer att använda designtänkande processer, för att känna empati med radiologen och genomföra intervjuer, artefaktanalys och slutföra en prototyp. Resultatet av uppsatsen kommer att lyfta fram viktiga nyckelord från deltagarna som betonas på prototypen.

Prologue is a health information system developed for underserved communities in Bihar, India. It is aimed at helping people living in poverty and with low literacy to take the right steps to manage their and their family’s health. Bihar suffers from one of the worst healthcare records in the country. This is as much due to the lack of access to the right information as it is due to the economic condition of the region. The inaccessibility of information is aggravated by the complex social set up in these communities, for e.g. women aren’t allowed to leave their homes and community has the strongest influence on an individual’s decision making. To make sure that right information permeates even to the most inaccessible user groups, especially women and to uplift community’s awareness as a whole, two different communication channels were designed-an interactive radio show and a public installation.

Denna rapport presenterar en studie i hur ett nytt kundvägledningssystem kan utformas för att underlätta navigationen på ett möbelvaruhus. Arbetet genomfördes i samarbete med IKEA Örebro där syftet var att varuhuset skulle få en tydligare kundvägledning, för att på så sätt förbättra kundernas förståelse kring avdelningarnas placering. I nuläget brister kundvägledningen i språk, färg, navigation och tillgänglighet, vilket kan leda till att kunderna känner sig förvirrade. För att hitta en bättre lösning till ett gestaltningsförslag applicerades olika metoder. Dessa metoder bestod av intervjuer, observation och en rumsligs analys där både användarnas behov och det befintliga rummet studerats. Med stöd från litteraturen och resultaten ifrån de empiriska studierna utvecklades ett gestaltningsförslag som presenteras i denna rapport. Gestaltningsförslaget presenteras i form av text och tillhörande bilder som tagits fram utifrån 3D programmet SketchUp. Genom nya lösningar ska detta gestaltningsförslag öka förutsättningarna till ett mer navigerbart kundvägledningssystem på IKEA. / This thesis work presents a study about how a new customer guidance system can be designed to facilitate navigation in a furniture store. The thesis work was carried out at IKEA Örebro were the goal was to help the department store with a clearer customer guidance system and by this improve the customers aknowledgement about the placement of the sections. The guidance system can be improved in both language, shape, color and accessibility, that today leads to confusion among the customers. To find the optimal design proposal different methods were applied. This methods consisted in interviews, observation, and a spatial analysis were both needs of the users and the existing room were studied. With the support from the literature and the results of the empirics a design proposal was created which is presented in this thesis work. The design proposal is presented in both text and pictures from the 3D program SketchUp. Through new solutions the design proposal should improve the conditions for a more navigable customer guidance systems at IKEA.

För att brandmännen på flygplatser ska känna sig trygga när olyckan är framme är det viktigt att de får den information som krävs för att veta hur de ska agera när en flygfarkost kraschar. Utöver att vara ett stöd vid skarpa lägen ska Brand- och räddningsinstruktionen, BRI, vara ett läromedel i brandmännens utbildning och ett komplement under resten av deras yrkesliv. Dagens BRI uppfattas av användarna som en tråkig hemsida som inte är anpassad för dem, därför handlar detta examensarbete om hur BRI bör utformas för att vara användbar, samt bidra till lärande och en god användarupplevelse. Detta arbete har varit en iterativ användarcentrerad designprocess. Arbetet började med en kontextuell undersökning hos användaren för att fastställa deras behov. Utifrån dessa behov resulterade arbetet i ett förslag på ett grafiskt användargränssnitt som följer Saabs grafiska profil och som genom tester visar sig uppfylla användarnas centrala behov. Det visualiserades med en interaktiv prototyp. Genom att strukturera visualiseringarna med tillhörande text, se till att ingen information är dold och tillämpa en konsekvent navigeringsstruktur påverkas användarupplevelsen positivt. Denna studie har identifierat vikten av samspelet mellan information och visualisering för att främja användbarhet och inlärning. / When accidents happen it’s important that the airport's fire fighters feel safe with the knowledge that they have. This is why it’s important that they receive the information that is needed so that they know how to act when an aircraft crashes. In addition to being an aid during critical situations the Fire and Rescue Instruction, FRI, is a digital data bank, which is used to educate new fire fighters, and also to keep fully trained fire fighters up to date. Users perceive the FRI as a boring website which isn't designed for them. Which is why this master thesis will investigate how the FRI should be designed to improve the user experience and increase the learning effect. The process, which has been implemented during this thesis, is an iterative user-centered design process. The work began with a contextual inquiry to determine the users' needs. Their needs were then used to develop a user interface concept that followed Saab's graphic profile. The users’ then evaluated the concept to make sure that it met the users' key requirements. The concept was visualized with an interactive prototype. A positive user experience can be accomplished by structuring the visualizations with its corresponding text, you should also ensure that no information is concealed and apply a consistent navigation structure. This study has identified the importance of the interaction between information and visualizations to promote the learning effect and usability.

Att köpa grisen i säcken är ett examensarbete i informationsdesign, med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka hur man kan förmedla och förstå ett rums möjligheter och funktioner genom en 3D- visualisering. Detta för att ta reda på vad som egentligen är relevant att visa i en 3D-visualisering. Arbetet kommer resultera i ett gestaltningsförslag, där ett rums funktioner och möjligheter tillsammans med en 3D-visualisering kommer presenteras. Gestaltningsförslaget strävar efter att underlätta och tydliggöra informationen i en 3D-visualisering av en nyproducerad lägenhet för den potentiella kunden. Från tillvägagångssätten: omvärldsanalys, kvalitativ intervju, telefonintervju, enkäter och förstudie, går det att utläsa att det är viktigt att kunna anpassa sin framtida bostad efter personliga preferenser och behov. Det går alltså inte att förvänta sig att en och samma bostad passar alla. Tillvägagångssätten har sedan kopplats samman med litteratur om: digitala skisser, designfixering, valmöjligheter, rumsupplevelse, med mera. Utifrån Litteraturen framgick det bland annat att ett rum bör anpassas för användaren, att vi uppfattar ett rum på olika sätt och att verklighetstrogna digitala skisser kan vara låsande. Utifrån informationen från tillvägagångssätten och litteraturen har ett gestaltningsförslag tagits fram för att tydliggöra om och hur en potentiell köpare kan anpassa sitt framtida hem. Förslaget innebär ett tillägg till 3D- visualiseringarna för att visa om och hur ett rum går att anpassas för användaren. Med tillägget finns informationen om ett rums funktioner och möjligheter nära till hands utan att störa 3D-visualiseringen och den verkliga uppfattningen av rummet. Denna rapport kan vara av intresse för fasighetsmäklare, 3D-designers och forskare inom design och kommunikation. / Att köpa grisen i säcken is a thesis in information design, with focus on spatial design. The aim is to simplify and clarify the information in a 3D-visualization of a newly built apartment for the potential customer. The study explores how to communicate to potential customers the capabilities and features of a particular room through 3D-visualization. This is to find out what actually is relevant and helpful to show in a 3D-visualization. The work will result in a design proposal, where a room’s features and capabilities along with a 3D- visualization will be presented. From the following approaches and methods: market analysis, qualitative interviews, telephone interviews, surveys and pre-study, it is possible to read that it is important for buyers to be able to adapt their future homes for personal preferences and needs. It should not be expected that a single solution is for everyone. These approaches and methods have then been linked with literature about: digital sketches, design, fixation, choice, spatial experience, and more. From the literature it became apparent, among other things, that a room should be adapted to the user, and that we perceive rooms differently and realistic digital sketches may be a cause of fixation the specific design solution presented. Based on information from the approaches and literature a design proposal has been created to clarify whether and how a potential buyer can adapt their future home. The proposal involves an addition to the 3D-visualizations to show whether and how a room can be adapted to the user. Included in the addition is information about the room’s features and capabilities, placed at the user’s fingertips without disrupting the 3D-visualization or the experience of the room the visualization is intended to communicate. This report may be of interest to real estate agents, 3D-designers and researchers in design and communication.