Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Physicians receive multiple CCDs for a single patient encompassing various encounters and medical history recorded in different information systems. It is cumbersome for providers to explore different pages of CCDs to find specific data which can be duplicated or even conflicted. This study describes the steps towards a system that integrates multiple CCDs into one consolidated document for viewing or processing patient-level data. Also, the impact of the system on healthcare providers’ perceived workload is evaluated. A modular system is developed to consolidate and de-duplicate CDA-based documents. The system is engineered to be scalable, extensible and open source. The system’s performance and output has evaluated first based on synthesized data and later based on real-world CCDs obtained from INPC database. The accuracy of the consolidation system along with the gaps in identification of the duplications were assessed. Finally, the impact of the system on healthcare providers’ workload is evaluated using NASA TLX tool. All of the synthesized CCDs were successfully consolidated, and no data were lost. The de-duplication accuracy was 100% based on synthesized data and the processing time for each document was 1.12 seconds. For real-world CCDs, our system de-duplicated 99.1% of the problems, 87.0% of allergies, and 91.7% of medications. Although the accuracy of the system is still very promising, however, there is a minor inaccuracy. Due to system improvements, the processing time for each document is reduced to average 0.38 seconds for each CCD. The result of NASA TLX evaluation shows that the system significantly decreases healthcare providers’ perceived workload. Also, it is observed that information reconciliation reduces the medical errors. The time for review of medical documents review time is significantly reduced after CCD consolidation. Given increasing adoption and use of Health Information Exchange (HIE) to share data and information across the care continuum, duplication of information is inevitable. A novel system designed to support automated consolidation and de-duplication of information across clinical documents as they are exchanged shows promise. Future work is needed to expand the capabilities of the system and further test it using heterogeneous vocabularies across multiple HIE scenarios.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The United States has invested over $40 billion in digitizing the health care system, yet the anticipated gains in improved care coordination, quality, and cost savings remain largely unrealized. This is due in part to limited interoperability and low rates of health information exchange (HIE) use, which can support care coordination and improve provider decision-making. Primary care providers are central to the US health care delivery system and frequently function as care coordinators, yet capability and HIE use gaps among these providers limit the potential of these digital systems to achieve their intended goals. I study HIE use in the context of primary care to examine 1) factors associated with provider HIE use, 2) the extent and nature of team-based HIE use, and 3) differences in HIE system use patterns across discrete groups of system users. First, I use a national sample of primary care providers to analyze market and practice factors related to HIE use for patient referrals. Overall, I find that only 43% of primary care provider referrals used HIE. Furthermore, I find substantial variation in HIE use rates across electronic health record (EHR) vendors. Second, I use HIE system log data to understand the breadth and depth of HIE use among teams, a care model underpinning primary care delivery reform efforts. I find that although use of HIE systems remains low, in primary care settings it overwhelmingly takes place in a manner consistent with team-based care workflows. Furthermore, team-based use does not differ in breadth from single provider HIE use, but illustrates less depth before and after visits. Third, I apply cluster analysis to 16 HIE use measures representing 7 use attributes, and identify 5 discrete user groups. I then compare two of these user groups and find user-level variation in volume and efficiency of use, both of which have implications for HIE system design and usability improvements. Ultimately, these findings help to inform how HIE use can be increased and improved in primary care, moving the US health care system closer to realizing the coordination, quality, and cost savings made possible by a digitized delivery system.

The urban planning process in Sweden encompasses all design and development of the physical environment in society. It involves a large number of actors and a large amount of data. To be as effective as possible the exchange of data between actors needs to become easier and more effective. This thesis explores how a digital platform for urban planning can be designed to facilitate the exploration of and access to information within urban planning. The method followed an iterative design process based on the UX lifecycle by Hartson and Pyla. Interviews were conducted with potential users to learn about their wants and needs, and research was done on the urban planning process to gather the theory on the subject matter domain. The result of the thesis is a UX prototype of a digital urban planning platform. The prototype was designed in Figma and tested on potential users in a design walkthrough and a usability test together with an interview. The results also show what type of functionality is important for users in this type of platform.

The AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry has been undergoing a significant digitaliza-tion process in the last years. This transformation implies new challenges and adaptation concerning the ex-change of data between different software applications. Therefore, in response to this problem the benefits of IFC as a solution for the exchange of data have been investigated. However, the current versions of IFC cannot achieve semantic clarity in mapping entities and relationships. Therefore, there have been several attempts to develop solutions and optimizing methods to improve the exchange of information of product data. This paper aims to identify and investigate the challenges of using product data templates (PDT) for exchange of infor-mation and different PDT has been evaluated and compared. The necessary data was collected through literature review and document analysis. Five challenges and five initiatives were identified during the literature review. The five initiatives are Semantic web and linked data, CoClass, Buildingsmart, COBie and Cobuilder. The result showed how these initiatives could solve the identified challenges.

Detta arbete ämnar att undersöka vilka metoder som används i Sverige förinformationsöverföring från modellering- till energisimuleringsprogram. Utifrån identifierademetoder konstaterades för- och nackdelar med respektive metod som fungerade som underlagtill förslag av utvecklingsmöjligheter. Problemet som uppstår vid informationsöverföring från BIM-modeller till energimodeller är att det sker informationsförluster som sedan måste matas in manuellt i energisimuleringsprogrammet. Detta manuella arbete blir tidskrävande och kostsamt vilket medför att färre energisimuleringar utförs. Slutsatserna av studien ska bidra till att främja en energieffektiv modelleringsprocess och därmed minska bygg- och fastighetsindustrins energianvändning. Studien initierades med en litteraturstudie för att få en större förståelse för informationsöverföring. Därefter bestod forskningsmetoden främst av en semistrukturerad intervjustudie där fem företag intervjuades. De intervjuade respondenterna bestod av energispecialister och besvarade frågor som utgick från en intervjuguide. Utöver intervjustudien utfördes ytterligare en litteraturstudie för att få ett mer utförligt resultat. Resultaten av intervjustudien visade att samtliga respondenter arbetar med energisimuleringsprogrammet IDA ICE, och att den vanligaste metoden för informationsöverföring var med DWG-filer. Denna metod importerar endast en planritning som används som en mall för att modellera byggnaden i IDA ICE. Fördelarna med metoden är att energiexperten lär känna byggnaden och kan identifiera dess styrkor samt svagheter utifrån ett energiperspektiv. Nackdelarna är att metoden kräver mycket tidskrävande manuellt arbete som dessutom ökar risken att det blir fel på grund av den mänskliga faktorn. Metoden med DWG-import är ett separerat arbetssätt som motverkar automation och samarbete mellan olika discipliner. En annan identifierad metod för informationsöverföring till IDA ICE är med IFC-filer. Metoden importerar geometrisk data och orientering till IDA ICE. Vidare visar litteraturstudien att även en semiautomatisk import av termiska zoner kan uppnås. För att geometrisk data och termiska zoner ska kunna importeras korrekt till IDA ICE krävs det att den ursprungliga BIM-modellen upprättas dels så att IFC-filen kan läsa BIM-modellen och dels så att IDA ICE kan läsa IFC-filen. Nackdelarna med IFC-importer är att energimodellen måste kontrolleras så att den stämmer överens med den ursprungliga BIM-modellen och det kan bli tidskrävande om det är många fel i IFC-filen. Om IFC-filen innehåller alltför många fel finns det en risk att ingen information kan importeras till IDA ICE, vilket betyder att DWG-import måste användas istället. Speckle är en metod som är i en tidig utvecklingsfas. Speckle möjliggör att information kan överföras mellan program utan användningen av ett filformat. Däremot stödjer inte IDA ICE en direkt dataström med Speckle utan det krävs några mellansteg för att få informationsöverföringen att fungera. Slutsatsen för arbetet är att DWG-import bör bytas ut mot IFC-import eftersom det kan spara tid, sänka kostnader och möjliggöra fler energisimuleringar. För att en IFC-import ska fungera måste arkitekten modellera och exportera filen på ett visst sätt från BIM-programmet. Ett upprättande av en manual för hur arkitekten ska modellera och exportera kan vara en lösning till detta problem. Det föreslås att EQUA utvecklar en arkitektmanual eftersom de har mest kunskap om vad som krävs för att en IFC ska kunna importeras till IDA ICE. / This work aims to identify methods used in Sweden for information exchange between BIM-software and energy simulation software. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were pointed out which led to suggestions for improvement. The conclusion of this thesis is supposed to promote a more energy-efficient modeling process. The study was initiated with a qualitative literature study to gather knowledge about the topic. A semistructured interview study was conducted where experts on the subject answered questions based on the aim of the study. In addition to the interview study another qualitative literature study was conducted to broaden and gain a more detailed result. The result of the interview study showed that all respondents use the energy simulation software IDA ICE, and that the most common method for information exchange is by using the DWG-file format. A method which only allows for the import of the building's blueprint. Another identified method was by importing IFC-files which allows for the import of a building's geometry. A third method was by streaming information through Speckle. This method requires additional plugins and is in an early stage of its development. It was concluded that DWG-import should be replaced by IFC-import as it saves time in the energy modeling process which allows for an increased number of simulations to be made. For an IFC-file to work the architect must create the model as well as export it from the BIM-software in a certain way. In order for the architect to understand how to do this a manual with instructions needs to be produced. It is suggested that EQUA develops this manual as they have the most knowledge about what it takes to import a working IFC-file.

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Yes / Health services in many countries are investing in inter-organisational networks, linking patients’ records held in different organisations across a city or region. The aim of the systematic review was to establish how, why, and in what circumstances these networks improve patient safety, fail to do so, or increase safety risks, for people living at home. Design Realist synthesis, drawing on both quantitative and qualitative evidence, and including consultation with stakeholders in nominal groups and semi-structured interviews. Eligibility criteria The co-ordination of services for older people living at home, and medicine reconciliation for older patients returning home from hospital. Information sources 17 sources including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ACM Digital Library and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA). Outcomes Changes in patients’ clinical risks. Results We did not find any detailed accounts of the sequences of events that policy makers and others believe will lead from the deployment of interoperable networks to improved patient safety. We were, though, able to identify a substantial number of theory fragments, and these were used to develop programme theories. There is good evidence that there are problems with the co-ordination of services in general, and the reconciliation of medication lists in particular, and it indicates that most problems are social and organisational in nature. There is also good evidence that doctors and other professionals find interoperable networks difficult to use. There was limited high quality evidence about safety-related outcomes associated with the deployment of interoperable networks. Conclusions Empirical evidence does not currently justify claims about the beneficial effects of interoperable networks on patient safety. There appears to be a mismatch between technology-driven assumptions about the effects of networks and the socio-technical nature of co-ordination problems. Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42017073004 / NIHR Grant 16/53/03

Vid en hypotetisk torrhamn i Viared där HCT-fordon förväntas användas kommer bådekonsolidering och de-konsolidering att förekomma. Den ökade kapacitet som är möjlig attlasta på ett HCT fordon, jämfört med ett normalt fordon, bidrar till att det är mer gods somska de-konsolideras vid ankomst till terminal. För att gods inte skall bli stående på terminalenkrävs ett tydligt informationsutbyte, vilket det inte finns mycket studier kring kopplat till HCTtransporter.Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka informationsutbyte vid konsolidering och dekonsolidering.Arbetet kommer utgå ifrån frågeställningen om hur ett effektivt kaninformationsutbyte skapas i samband med stora volymer av gods.En av slutsatserna som kan dras efter fallstudien på Kerry Logistics är att en ökad mängd godsendast kommer bidra till volymproblem, främst i form av resursbrist. Det skulle därför intevara svårare ur ett HCT-perspektiv, utan ju mer gods som kommer samtidigt desto störretryck blir det på informationsutbytet.Att ligga steget före med informationsutbytet vid hantering och planering av stora mängdergods framgår också vara av stor vikt. Med nödvändig information tillgänglig vid rätt tillfälleeffektiviseras informationsutbytet. Olika åsikter och uppfattningar kring vilken informationsom klassas som nödvändig och önskvärd har gjort det svårt att dra slutsatser kring de berördainformationsattributens roll. Goda affärsrelationer har däremot visat sig spela en stor roll vidett effektivt informationsutbyte. / At a hypothetical dry port in Viared where HCT-vehicles are expected to be used, bothconsolidation and de-consolidation will occur. The increased capacity of freight that ispossible to load on a HCT-vehicle, compared to a normal vehicle, contributes to the fact thatthere is more freight to be de-consolidated on arrival at the terminal. In order for goods not tobe left at the terminal, a clear exchange of information is required as there is not much studiesrelated to HCT-transport. The purpose of the thesis is to explore the information exchangerelated to consolidation and de-consolidation of goods.One of the conclusions that can be drawn from the case study at Kerry Logistics is that anincreased amount of goods only will contribute to problems related to volume, primarily inlack of resources. The informations exchange will not be more difficult from an HCTperspective, but when greater amount of freight arrives at the same time the pressure willincrease on the information exchange.To be ahead of the information exchange when it comes to handling and planninglarger amounts of goods is also important. With the necessary information available at theright time, the information exchange will be more efficient. Different opinions andperceptions about what information that should be classified as necessary and/or desirable hasmade it difficult to draw conclusions about the role of the relevant information attributes.Good business relations on the other hand, have proven to play a major role in order to createefficient information exchange.

Formulamos um modelo matemático determinístico baseado no princípio de ação de massas, em analogia aos trabalhos que estudam a dinâmica de doenças infecciosas em Epidemiologia. Analisamos a dinâmica do espalhamento de rumores levando em conta a simetria no número de contatos diretos entre suscetíveis e infectados pelo rumor e estudamos as implicações de uma campanha publicitária educativa na dinâmica do modelo. Posteriormente, propomos uma simplificação do modelo e desconsideramos o contato entre os indivíduos suscetíveis e infectados supostamente mais resistentes às novidades. Discutimos suas implicações no espalhamento do rumor e a conexão com os parâmetros que descrevem o comportamento social. / We have developed a deterministic mathematical model based on the mass-action principle, in analogy to the works that study the dynamics of infectious diseases in Epidemiology. We analyzed the dynamic of rumors spreading, taking into account the symmetry of contacts among susceptible and infectious individuals and studied the implications of an educative broadcasting advertising in the model. Afterwards, we proposed a simplification ot the model excluding the contact among susceptible and infected individuals supposedly more resistant to novelities. Their implications to the spread of rumor and its connection with parameters describing social behavior are discussed.