Formulamos um modelo matemático determinístico baseado no princípio de ação de massas, em analogia aos trabalhos que estudam a dinâmica de doenças infecciosas em Epidemiologia. Analisamos a dinâmica do espalhamento de rumores levando em conta a simetria no número de contatos diretos entre suscetíveis e infectados pelo rumor e estudamos as implicações de uma campanha publicitária educativa na dinâmica do modelo. Posteriormente, propomos uma simplificação do modelo e desconsideramos o contato entre os indivíduos suscetíveis e infectados supostamente mais resistentes às novidades. Discutimos suas implicações no espalhamento do rumor e a conexão com os parâmetros que descrevem o comportamento social. / We have developed a deterministic mathematical model based on the mass-action principle, in analogy to the works that study the dynamics of infectious diseases in Epidemiology. We analyzed the dynamic of rumors spreading, taking into account the symmetry of contacts among susceptible and infectious individuals and studied the implications of an educative broadcasting advertising in the model. Afterwards, we proposed a simplification ot the model excluding the contact among susceptible and infected individuals supposedly more resistant to novelities. Their implications to the spread of rumor and its connection with parameters describing social behavior are discussed.

Accessing websites using social networking credentials, also known as social login, is becoming increasingly popular as users do not need to create and maintain accounts on each and every website they access. During these social logins, the private information of users is shared with third-party websites from their social profile, and much of this happens behind the scenes which is abstracted from the user. However, as social logins are widespread, it is essential to understand the users’ views and appreciation towards the information being shared in the background. There is also a possibility of data leak or misuse when information is exchanged between a website and social networking site. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explore the perception of users towards their awareness and trust in social login. In addition, based on users’ needs and desires, the study aims to formulate suggestions for improving the awareness and trust of social login. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 students from Linnaeus University of Sweden to collect data. These interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that users are conscious of their personal attributes being shared but are not aware that they can control, revise and revoke information sharing permissions. It was also found that users trust third parties to some extent but not the social networking sites. The study also suggested some improvement ideas for enhancing the awareness and trust of web users in social logins. In addition to contributing to the field of social login, the outcomes of this study also benefit users and web companies by helping to understand and increase the awareness and trust of web users on social logins.

No description available.

Includes supplemental material. / Based on public law and Presidential mandate, ballistic missile defense development is a front-burner issue for homeland defense and the defense of U.S. and coalition forces abroad. Spearheaded by the Missile Defense Agency, an integrated ballistic missile defense system was initiated to create a layered defense composed of land-, air-, sea-, and space-based assets. The Ship Anti-Ballistic Response (SABR) Project is a systems engineering approach that suggests a conceptualized system solution to meet the needs of the sea portion of ballistic missile defense in the 2025-2030 timeframe. The system is a unique solution to the sea-based ballistic missile defense issue, combining the use of a railgun interceptor and a conformable aperture skin-of-the-ship radar system.

Les urgences sanitaires de portée internationale font partie de ces risques que les Etats, pris isolément, ne peuvent gérer seul pour assurer la permanence du bien-être de leur population. Cette thèse explore alors la possibilité de pallier l'insuffisante intégration de la communauté internationale en matière de gestion de ce qui sera considéré comme des risques biologiques, par l'établissement d'un système de gouvernance internationale et globale fondée sur l'échange d'informations. Pour le fonctionnement de ce système, l'information doit être produite mais elle doit également avoir la possibilité juridique d'être échangée. Dans ce contexte, l'échange d'informations se doit d'être organisé de manière à tenir compte des caractères juridiques des informations utiles à la gestion de ces risques. L'étude des conditions de cet échange met alors en évidence le rôle essentiel du droit dans l'organisation des conditions de l'efficience de ces échanges, et dès lors dans le fonctionnement de ce système de gouvernance. Elle en montre aussi les limites. / Public health emergencies of international concern are part of those risks that can not be efficiently managed by States on their own to ensure the longstanding well-being of their population. This thesis explores the possibility to supersede the international community's lack of integration for the management of what will be considered as biological risks, by the designing of an international and global governance system based on the exchange of information. For the functionning of this system, information will need to be produced and have the capacity to be exchanged. In this context, information exchanges ought to be organised, in order to take into account the legal specifities of the information involved. The study will thus aim at emphasizing on the essential role of law in the organisation of those exchanges but also on its limitations.

Depuis 2002, la lutte contre l'insécurité routière est devenue une priorité nationale. Cette dernière s'est traduite par une politique répressive dite de « tolérance zéro » à l'égard des contrevenants et délinquants au Code de la route. Cette répression, à la fois administrative et pénale peut cependant se heurter à certaines difficultés lorsque l'infraction revêt un caractère d'extranéité, car commise par un conducteur titulaire d'un permis de conduire délivré par une autorité étrangère ou à l'aide d'un véhicule immatriculé à l'étranger. L'absence ou quasi-absence de répression de ces infractions, outre ses conséquences sur l'insécurité routière, est source d'un profond sentiment d'inégalité tout particulièrement dans les zones transfrontières et nécessite donc de nouvelles réponses. Sur le plan administratif, ces nouvelles réponses résident entre autres dans l'extension de la portée transfrontalière d'une mesure administrative mais également par le développement d'un permis de conduire à points propre à l'Union Européenne. Sur le plan pénal, ces nouvelles réponses passent par une coopération renforcée entre les États afin de pouvoir identifier les propriétaires de véhicules dans les cas où le véhicule n'est pas intercepté par les forces de l'ordre. L'instauration de systèmes automatisés de contrôle de la circulation routière nécessite de la part des États et de l'Union européenne un développement de l'échange transfrontalier d'informations. / Fighting to achieve road safety has been a top national priority since 2002. It has led to the so-called « zero-tolerance » policy with highway code delinquents and traffic offenders. This repression which is both administrative and penal may however prove problematic should the offence bear an extraneous aspect, when it is committed by a driver with a foreign driving licence or when the vehicle was registered abroad. That such offences never or quasi-never be punished besides the consequences on road safety, gives rise to a deep feeling of inequality particularly in cross-border areas and therefore calls for new answers. Administratively speaking, the new answers lie, among other things, in a widening of the cross-border range of administrative measures, but also in developing a driving licence with a penalty point system specific to the EU. Penally speaking such new answers suppose a closer cooperation among states so as to be able to identify vehicle owners should the vehicle fail to be intercepted by the police. Introducing automated control systems of road traffic requires that states and the EU increase cross-border information exchange.

Submitted by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T16:13:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - CLAUDIA BARBOSA LEONARDOS.pdf: 5789340 bytes, checksum: 8b27cf8308f46fdd80311b20df39e5cb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Alves Rodrigues (aalves@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T16:14:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - CLAUDIA BARBOSA LEONARDOS.pdf: 5789340 bytes, checksum: 8b27cf8308f46fdd80311b20df39e5cb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2018-10-09T16:15:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - CLAUDIA BARBOSA LEONARDOS.pdf: 5789340 bytes, checksum: 8b27cf8308f46fdd80311b20df39e5cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T16:15:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPCC - CLAUDIA BARBOSA LEONARDOS.pdf: 5789340 bytes, checksum: 8b27cf8308f46fdd80311b20df39e5cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / Closed groups, as an environment for interaction, have been gaining importance in Facebook. Among such, Diamond Agenda, a group for exchanging information, guidance and tips regarding the most variable subjects, stands out due to the number of participants and interactions. The users post a solicitation for assistance which is promptly answered by the participants. The present research investigates the motivations for the behavior of collaborating without any material compensation. By means of in depth interviews and bibliographic review, nine motivational factors were identified: pleasure, altruism, self-sufficiency, learning, empathy, engagement, reputation, reciprocity and economy. A quantitative survey with 383 members identified that the group has a strong informational characteristic, concretized by prosocial behaviors such as reciprocity. Administrators of such kind of communities can stimulate the engagement of the participants by reinforcing the social exchange among the members. Other studies, with groups targeted to assisting in day-to-day matters, should be conducted in order to deepen the understanding and role of Facebook communities and to evaluate new ways in using them in business communication / Os grupos fechados, como ambientes de interação, vêm ganhando importância no Facebook. Entre esses, a Agenda Diamante, um grupo de troca de informações, orientações e dicas sobre os mais variados assuntos, destaca-se pelo número de participantes e interações. Os usuários postam um pedido de ajuda, que prontamente é respondido pelos demais participantes. Esta pesquisa investiga a motivação para o comportamento de colaborar com os demais sem recompensa material. Empregando entrevistas em profundidade e revisão bibliográfica foram identificados 9 fatores motivacionais: prazer, altruísmo, autoeficácia, aprendizagem, empatia, engajamento, reputação, reciprocidade e economia. Uma pesquisa quantitativa junto a 383 membros identificou que o grupo tem uma forte característica informacional, que se concretiza por meio dos comportamentos pró-sociais como a reciprocidade. Os administradores de comunidades dessa natureza podem estimular o engajamento dos participantes, reforçando a troca social dos membros. Outros estudos, com grupos que tenham como tema o auxílio às pessoas em questões do dia-a-dia, deverão ser conduzidos para aprofundar o entendimento e o papel dessas comunidades do Facebook e avaliar novas formas de empregá-los na comunicação de negócios.

The pressure on tax haven countries to engage in tax information exchange shows first effects on capital markets. Empirical research suggests that investors do react to information exchange and partially withdraw from previous secrecy jurisdictions that open up to information exchange. While some of the economic literature emphasizes possible positive effects of tax havens, the present paper argues that proponents of positive effects may have started from questionable premises, in particular when it comes to the effects that tax havens have for emerging markets like China and India. (authors' abstract) / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

隨著經濟活動全球化及資本移動自由化，跨國企業及個人之資產與所得分佈全世界，且因稅捐稽徵機關與納稅人間資訊不對稱，使得稅務資訊蒐集異常困難，稅捐稽徵機關在查核跨國案件時面臨極大挑戰，國際租稅合作與資訊交換成為各國稅捐稽徵機關用以處理國際租稅規避案件之重要工具。 本文就稅務資訊交換介紹國際稅約協定範本及其發展，並與我國經濟體相當之香港、新加坡及先進國家美國、瑞士等國家及OECD、UN及EU等國際機構所公布之國際租稅最新發展進行比較。本文研究歸納，資訊交換為影響我國洽簽租稅協定成敗之關鍵因素，進行銀行資訊交換應不影響我國發展為國際金融中心，支持財政部推動洽簽包括資訊交換之租稅協定。本文建議因應國際資訊交換之趨勢，我國應加強稽徵人員訓練、進行稅捐稽徵法第5條修法、確認租稅協定之法律位階、擴大租稅協定網絡之修法及加強宣導租稅資訊交換保密性等面向，強化我國資訊交換效能。 / Due to the globalization of economic activities, the labialization of capital transactions, individual worldwide assets and income and the asymmetric information of taxpayers and tax authorities, it is difficult for tax authorities to collect information. International cooperation in tax matters is crucial to ensuring the administration and enforcement of countries’ tax laws as cross border tax evasion becomes easier with the liberalization of financial markets. This thesis first introduces the development of the models of tax convention with special reference to EOI, it then makes a comparison of the measurements of EOI in the economies such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Switzerland, and the United States, and also looks at recent publications on EOI by OECD, UN and EU. It is concluded that EOI is the key to conclude tax treaties, that EOI of bank information will not adversely affect Taiwan government policy to become an international financial center, and that Ministry of Finance is supported to conclude tax treaties including EOI. It is suggested that strengthening the efficiency and capability of EOI in the aspects of strengthening the training of the tax collectors, amendment of Article 5 of the Tax Collection Act, confirmation of the legal status of tax treaties, broadening of the net work of tax treaties and promotion of the importance of the confidentiality of the EOI, so as to follow the international trend of EOI.

A production strategy enables companies to effectively manage the different challenges that the production function face in a competitive environment. A production strategy helps a company to make operational and strategic decisions that follow a logical pattern and supports the corporate strategy and the competitive priorities of the company. When no strategy exists the decisions may be arbitrary and unpredictable leading to an under-achieving production system. Production strategy involves decisions that shape the long term capabilities of a producing company. For the traditional production industry there are a number of production strategy frameworks that facilitates the process of designing production systems. However, these frameworks typically leave project based production out of the scope or treat project based production as one type of production system, when in fact project based production systems can be multifaceted depending on product design and market requirements. This thesis focus on project based manufacturing in a house-building context. Houses can be produced by different types of production systems, and depending on how the production systems are designed they have strengths and weaknesses in different areas of competition. To be able to meet the increasing demand for residential houses, and improve performance in the house-building industry, the way houses are produced have to match different market requirements in a more effective and efficient way. To do this a production strategy has to exist. Typically there is a trade-off between productivity and flexibility, hence a production system designed to meet customer requirements concerning product design is probably not the best process choice if the customer thinks price and delivery time are the most important. A production strategy helps a company to make decisions so that the output of the production system meets customer requirements in the best possible way. Due to the fact that project based production is typically left out of the scope in traditional production strategy literature and that there is a lack of research concerning production strategy in a house-building context, the purpose of this research is: … to extend the production strategy body of knowledge concerning project based production in a house-building context. To fulfil the purpose the following four research questions are studied and answered: RQ1: What aspects can be useful in a classification matrix contrasting different production systems for house-building? RQ2: Which competitive priorities are important to measure when evaluating different production systems on a production strategy level in a house-building context, and how can they quantitatively be measured? RQ3: How does the characteristics of the production system, i.e. the process choice, affect information exchange in a house-building context? RQ4: How can a new production strategy be formulated and implemented in an industrialised house-building context and what challenges are important to consider in that process? To answer RQ1 a classification matrix was developed that classify production systems along two dimensions: a product dimension (degree of product standardisation) and a process dimension (degree of off-site assembly). The two dimensions are related, for example a high degree of standardisation should be matched with a high degree of off-site assembly and consequently a low degree of product standardisation should be matched with a low degree of off-suite assembly. A mismatch, e.g. high degree of off-site assembly and low degree of standardisation, typically leads to poor performance and should hence be avoided. To be able to see how different types of production systems perform in different areas of competition key performance indicators (KPIs) were developed. The KPIs presented in this research can be used to measure quality, delivery (speed and dependability), cost (level and dependability), and flexibility (volume and mix) at a production strategic level (RQ2). Furthermore, to answer RQ3, a production strategy perspective was taken on information exchange by relating information exchange to the design of the production system. The results indicate that employing different types of production systems leads to different approaches to information exchange. Employing a production systems using traditional production methods on-site and a low degree of product standardisation lead to a traditional approach to information exchange, e.g. project meetings, telephone and mail. Production systems employing some degree of off-site assembly have less complex and more stable supply chains and use ICT-solutions to a higher extent, which facilitates information exchange. The findings also indicate that a high degree of product standardisation facilitates the use of ICT-solutions such as ERP and BIM. RQ4 concerns the production strategy process, i.e. formulation and implementation. Failure in this processes can jeopardise the whole business. Based on a longitudinal case study of an industrialised house-builder a suggested production strategy process was developed, including both production strategy formulation and implementation. The study also identified context specific challenges that have to be considered in an industrialised house-building context, e.g. the complexity that comes with using two different production processes (off-site and on-site) in the same production system. The research is case based and a total number of eight different production systems have been studied. Data has been collected through interviews, observations, and review of company documents.