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This thesis examines representations of lawyers and law in examples of Jacobean city comedy, taking into account certain contemporary developments in the legal profession and the law in England. The period covered is 1598-1616. The thesis questions the conventional interpretation of city comedy as hostile to the legal profession. It suggests the topic is more complex than has been assumed, arguing that city comedy makes direct and indirect positive representation of Inns of Court lawyers, who are to be distinguished from attorneys (newly segregated in the Inns of Chancery), amateur quasi-lawyers, and university-educated civil lawyers. It is proposed that city comedy represents Inns of Court lawyers positively in two ways. Firstly, by means of legal content: representations of developments in the profession and the law demonstrate a wish to connect with the young lawyers and students of the Inns of Court, and reflect a contemporary drive by them for increased organization and regulation. Secondly, by means of literary form: ostensibly pejorative representations need not be taken at face value; instead, they may be found to be ironic. The main proposed contributions to knowledge are: that Inns of Court lawyers were a favoured part of the target audience of the private playhouses, making it questionable that they would be represented negatively in city comedy; that lawyers as represented in city comedy are not a single or a simple category; that representation of lawyers is inflected by the various forms and impulses of city comedy; and that city comedy incorporates some reflection of the increasing professionalization of legal practice in the period.

Notre étude porte sur le secteur commercial qui, dans l'Antiquité romaine, fournissait contre paiement un accueil provisoire, consistant en un hébergement et/ou des prestations de restauration et de débit de boissons avec consommation sur place; elle se concentre sur la partie occidentale du monde romain, de la période médio-républicaine au début de l'Antiquité tardive (IIIe s. av. J.-C.-IVe s. ap. J.-C.). Cette activité, que nous rangeons sous le titre générique d'accueil mercantile, jouait dans le contexte de l'Occident romain un rôle essentiel dans la gestion des mobilités humaines, en dépit de la déconsidération dont elle faisait l'objet, notamment de la part des élites qui privilégiaient, pour se faire héberger hors domicile, les réseaux d'hospitalité gratuite. Le premier chapitre de cette étude est consacré à une approche terminologique des questions traitées, qui vise à préciser la construction de notre objet d'étude et à poser les enjeux culturels du sujet, dont le lexique latin se fait le reflet. Dans un deuxième temps, une analyse synthétique des corpus textuel et archéologique permet de proposer une définition plus directement romaine de cette activité commerciale d'accueil, que les Romains associaient en particulier à la figure générique du caupo, de l'aubergiste entendu dans une perspective englobante. Notre troisième chapitre est dédié à une étude des comportements économiques et commerciaux des professionnels de l'accueil et de l'encadrement juridique auquel leur activité était sujette. Les quatrième et cinquième chapitres s'intéressent enfin à l'identité de ces professionnels et de leurs clients ainsi qu'aux représentations dont ils faisaient l'objet. / The research presented in this study is based in the context of Roman Antiquity, and is concerned with the commercial provision of temporary accommodation and/or catering, with consumption taking place on the premises. In this study, I focus on the western part of the Roman Empire over a long period of time: from the middle-republican period to early Late Antiquity (IIIrd century B.C.-IVe century AD). I shed light on the fact that in spite of social and cultural prejudices against the commercial accommodation industry (emanating especially from members of the elite who preferred to use free hospitality networks when they were abroad), this activity played a crucial role in the development of human mobility through the Western Roman world. The first chapter is dedicated to a lexical approach to this activity, and is aimed at clarifying the limits of the object of research and at introducing some of the cultural issues of this topic. In the second chapter, I develop a global analysis of the textual and archaeological corpus, and propose a definition in a Roman point of view of the activity studied, mostly associated with the generic figure of the caupo (the innkeeper in a broad perspective). The third chapter addresses the economic and commercial behaviour of the professionals involved in the accommodation business, and the juridical frame of their activity. The fourth and fifth chapters focus on both the professionals and their patrons; the approach taken considers their social and juridical statuses, and the representations of which they were the object.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:35:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria_Rosangela_da_Silva.pdf: 550901 bytes, checksum: 63eddfad275ad5beddca660f634f6b3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-01 / The fundamental set of problems reviewed in this research resides in the fact that the accommodation sector demonstrates a lack about the management information to make available decisions by their managers. The research importance is to enhance since it's not possible to know at what point the accountants are acting attending to this demand, and how they have presented the necessary information to the hotel managers. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to identify the types of services required from the accounting offices by the hotels and bread-and-breakfast (B & B's) in Campos do Jord??o; another aim of the research is to identify the needs in term of information required by the hotels and B&B's managers related to the accountancy, that could be attended by the offices which supply services to them. Having how predominant methodological element the application of a questionnaire, the research performed is of an empirical theoretical nature and it was used a quantitative approach on an exploratory type. The interest population of the present study covers the hotels and B & B's located at the city of Campos do Jord??o, S??o Paulo state. The sampling wasn't probabilistic and to convenience based. Related to the results of the research, it was revealed that the services required by the managers are the ones related to fiscal nature information. It was identified that there is "space" to develop accounting services in the city object of study and if the accountants assume a posture of pro-activity there could be an adequacy of the accountant services on what the most recent literature indicates how the accountant future, what is, the consultant role. / A problem??tica desta pesquisa reside no fato de que o setor de hospedagem carece de informa????es gerenciais para tomada de decis??es por parte de seus gestores. A import??ncia da pesquisa ?? real??ada visto que n??o se sabe at?? que ponto os contadores est??o atuando em atendimento a esta demanda, e como t??m apresentado as informa????es necess??rias para os gestores hoteleiros. Desta forma, o objetivo principal deste estudo ?? identificar os tipos de servi??os requeridos dos escrit??rios de contabilidade pelos hot??is e pousadas de Campos do Jord??o; a pesquisa tamb??m tem o prop??sito de identificar as necessidades informativas que esses gestores de hot??is e pousadas t??m, relativamente ?? contabilidade, as quais poderiam ser atendidas pelos escrit??rios que lhes prestam servi??os. Tendo como elementos metodol??gicos predominantes a aplica????o de um question??rio, a pesquisa realizada ?? de natureza emp??rico-te??rica e utilizou-se uma abordagem quantitativa do tipo explorat??ria. A popula????o de interesse para o presente estudo compreende os hot??is e pousadas localizados na cidade de Campos do Jord??o, no estado de S??o Paulo. A amostragem foi n??o probabil??stica e por conveni??ncia. No que diz respeito aos resultados da pesquisa, ficou revelado que os servi??os requeridos pelos gestores s??o aqueles relacionados ?? informa????o de natureza fiscal. Foi identificado que h?? "espa??o" para o desenvolvimento de servi??os cont??beis na cidade estudada e que se houver uma postura de pr??-atividade dos contadores haveria a adequa????o dos servi??os cont??beis ao que a literatura mais recente indica como o futuro do contador, qual seja, o papel de consultor

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wanderlei_Bamman_de_Carvalho.pdf: 491243 bytes, checksum: 0bbaceae980d0478b0359948e5a27adf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-04 / This study intends to present a model of managerial support, either assisting investors either the administrators of the Condo-hotels sector, proposing the improvement and the adaptation of the SUCH - System Uniform of Accounting for Hotels, to the Condo-hotels sector. The importance of the Condo-hotels sector for the Brazilian economy was delineated by this study, as well as its accelerated growth in the course of these last years. It must be detached the competitive factors of the sector, in a better way to make possible the enterprise, intending to contribute to the professionals of the area. The reasons are the proper peculiarities of the Condo-hotels sector, such as the Pool in its composition, inhabitants - owners, amongst innumerable others, that becomes each enterprise differentiated in relation its pairs, and it will be object of analysis. / Este estudo busca apresentar um modelo de suporte gerencial, seja no auxilio aos investidores, seja no aux??lio aos administradores do setor flateleiro, propondo o aperfei??oamento e a adapta????o do SUCH - Sistema Uniforme de Contabilidade para Hot??is, ao setor flateleiro. Delineou-se com esse estudo a import??ncia do setor flateleiro para a economia brasileira, bem como o seu crescimento acelerado no decorrer desses ??ltimos anos. Importa destacar tamb??m os fatores concorrenciais do setor, na busca de melhor viabilizar o empreendimento e com o intuito de contribuir com os profissionais da ??rea. Isso porque, o setor flateleiro possui peculiaridades t??o pr??prias, tais como o Pool em sua forma????o, moradores - propriet??rios, dentre in??meras outras, que torna cada empreendimento diferenciado em rela????o aos seus pares, tal como ser?? objeto de an??lise.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Solange_Maria_da_Silva.pdf: 1098938 bytes, checksum: f4ddb860dac06301aaa61abc1950f791 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-27 / This study has as a purpose to contribute with the disclosure aspects in the lodging segment with a proposal of rendering of accounts for the investors. The study was based on the premise that the accounting information that adequately evidences the patrimonial situation, in a standardized way, allows the comparability among the means of accommodation, be them hotels, flats or similars, and contributes to a bigger transparency and improvement in the process of taking decisions by the investors. Starting from this, a bibliographic survey of relevant aspects of the accounting disclosure and a field research were carried out having as an objective to identify the reports and accounting needs of the asset management companies for the rendering of accounts to the investors, and to propose a sample in accordance with what is established in the Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry. The methodology adopted was data-collection, through a questionnaire to the companies of asset management located in Sao Paulo contracted to represent the investors in hotel industry properties. The results of the survey has demonstrated a gap between the reports that the companies of asset management receive from the hotel management companies to be sent to the investors and the minimum information disciplined in the Uniform System and required for a good practice of disclosure, proclaimed by national and international norm trends, a space filled by the object of the present work. A sample of rendering of accounts was formulated which contemplates Balance Sheet, Statement of Income, Statement of Cash Flow, Statement of Added Value, Budget and Explanation Notes, the minimum instruments necessary to enable the investors to take a quality decision. / Esse estudo tem por finalidade contribuir com os aspectos de evidencia????o nos meios de hospedagem com uma proposta de presta????o de contas para os investidores. O estudo baseou-se na premissa de que as informa????es cont??beis que evidenciam adequadamente a situa????o patrimonial, de forma padronizada permitem a comparabilidade entre os meios de hospedagem, sejam eles hot??is, flats ou similares, e contribuem para maior transpar??ncia e melhoria no processo de tomada de decis??o pelos investidores. A partir disso, realizou-se um levantamento bibliogr??fico dos aspectos relevantes da evidencia????o cont??bil, e pesquisa de campo com o objetivo de identificar as necessidades de relat??rios e informa????es cont??beis das empresas de asset management para presta????o de contas aos investidores, e propor um modelo, de acordo com o estabelecido no Uniform System of Accounts for the Lodging Industry. A metodologia adotada valeu-se de levantamento de dados por question??rio junto ??s empresas de asset management situadas em S??o Paulo, contratadas para representar os investidores de im??veis com base hoteleira. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram a exist??ncia de uma lacuna entre os relat??rios que as empresas de asset management recebem das administradoras hoteleiras para envio aos investidores e as informa????es m??nimas disciplinadas no Uniform System, e requeridas por uma boa pr??tica de evidencia????o, apregoada pelas tend??ncias de normas nacionais e internacionais; omiss??o essa preenchida pelo objeto do presente trabalho. Formulou-se um modelo de presta????o de contas que contempla: Balan??o Patrimonial, Demonstra????o de Resultados do Exerc??cio, Demonstra????o de Fluxo de Caixa, Demonstra????o do Valor Adicionado, Proje????es de Resultado e Notas Explicativas, instrumentos m??nimos necess??rios para munir os investidores para uma decis??o de qualidade.

This dissertation examines early modern literary engagements with the rhetorical and ethical dimensions of law reform. One of the most important mechanisms of social regulation in late-Elizabethan and early-Jacobean England, law reform was a matter of, first, the “perfection” of the organization and expression of existing laws, legal instruments, and legal processes. However counter-intuitively, these officially-sponsored reforms were calculated to prevent more radical innovations that would generate “inconveniences,” systemic contradictions and uncertainties that threatened the law’s ability to produce just results. Second, law reformers generated a discourse on “execution” that targeted the character of legal representatives. This tradition of character criticism, delivered directly from the Lord Keeper’s mouth or circulated through other legal-political, literary, theatrical, didactic, and religious works, encouraged officers’ conscientious execution of their duties and alerted the English public to the signs of the abuse of authority. Law reform created a distinct critical orientation toward legal and governing activities that was reproduced throughout a system of justice in which an extraordinary number of subjects participated. It was a critical orientation, moreover, that was refracted in literature sensitive to the implications of the socio-political dominance of legal language, traditions, and officers. The principles and practices of law reform—along with the conflicts and anxieties that inspired and sprang from them—were appropriated by amateur and professional writers alike. Close readings reveal that Inns-of-Court revellers, Francis Bacon, John Donne and Shakespeare all engaged deeply with the potential, as well as the ethical and practical limitations, of law reform’s central role in local and national governance. In the Gesta Grayorum and Donne’s “Satyre V,” the reveller and the satiric speaker improvise on legal forms to compensate for the law’s imperfections that threaten the security and prosperity of the English subject. In Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure and The Winter’s Tale, the character of the legal-political officer and reformer is tested as he attempts to put policies and principles into practice.