The objective of this study is to investigate the attitudes that young adults in Chilehave about their own language and to find out their opinion regarding whether there is asuperior and an inferior Spanish. The study was carried out with informants belonging todifferent municipalities in the metropolitan region of Chile. The informants of this study aredivided into 3 age groups, which range from 20-26, 27-33 and 34-40 years.The questionnaire for this study is divided into two parts, where the first is related to generalquestions such as: age, place of birth, gender, level of studies. In the second part of the study,the informants answered 17 questions of the questionnaire about the attitudes they havetowards their own language.The results of this research indicate that the informants show a certain degree ofdissatisfaction with their own language. Moreover, the informants affirm that the CentralZone of Chile has its own linguistic variety. They also express disapp

No description available.

Objetivos: Valorar si los diferentes grados de severidad de los trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) conllevan cambios alimentarios con trascendencia nutricional o son cuadros conductuales con escasa repercusión sobre el desarrollo desde edades tempranas previas a la adolescencia. Estudiar en qué medida factores antropométricos y psicosociales participan en el proceso de desarrollo de los TCA desde la pradolescencia.Material y Métodos: Se basó en dos estudios transversales con diseño en doble fase. En la primera fase se han cribado a 1522 escolares de primaria o preadolescentes y a 3122 escolares de secundaria o adolescentes. En la segunda fase se estudiaron a 259 sujetos de primaria (129 de riesgo y 130 controles) y a 425 sujetos de secundaria (217 de riesgo y 208 controles). Se determinó, en cada grupo de edad, los sujetos con Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria No Especificados.Se administraron el Children Eating Atittudes Test (ChEAT), el Eating Atittudes Test (EAT) y Youth's Inventory-IV. Se confirmaron los diagnósticos de TCA mediante la Entrevista de Diagnóstico para Niños y Adolescentes (en los preadolescentes) y el Schedules for Clinical Assesment in Neuropsychiatry (en los adolescentes). Se determinó el consumo alimentario de 3 días no consecutivos (incluyendo uno no festivo). Se aplicó la técnica de Goldberg para validar la estimación de la ingesta energética referida. Se determinaron los patrones alimentarios mediante análisis factorial (método de componentes principales), el sobrepeso y la obesidad mediante los puntos de corte de Cole y col. y la insatisfacción corporal (IC) a través del Body Areas Satisfaction Test. Se analizaron los datos con el paquete estadístico SPSS 13.0.Resultados: Las mujeres consumen menos energía a mayor severidad de los TCA y esta restricción es más evidente en la adolescencia. Los nutrientes que presentan mayor riesgo nutricional son calcio, fósforo, hierro y folatos. Existen diferencias en el patrón alimentario según la severidad de los TCA y de la edad. En ambos sexos y en los dos grupos de edad, la frecuencia de exceso de peso y de masa grasa aumenta significativamente a mayor severidad de los TCA. Las chicas que tienen riesgo de padecer un TCA y que presentan mayor IMC manifiestan más IC. En las chicas adolescentes del grupo de riesgo, factores socioculturales y emocionales está asociados a la IC.Conclusiones: Las mujeres consumen menos energía y nutrientes a mayor severidad de los TCA, siendo significativo en las mujeres adolescentes. La restricción se debe a los lípidos en las preadolescentes, mientras que en las adolescentes se debe a los tres macronutrientes de forma proporcional. Tanto en la preadolescencia como en la adolescencia, el mayor IMC y la menor satisfacción corporal están asociados negativamente con la ingesta energética sólo en el sexo femenino y principalmente cuando existe riesgo de TCA. / Objectives: To evaluate whether differing grades of severity of eating disorders (ED) bring about changes in feeding of nutritional importance or whether they are behavioural conditions with little repercussion on development from early ages prior to adolescence.To study to what extent anthropometrical and psycho-social factors participate in the process of development of ED from pre-adolescence. Material and Methods: Two transversal studies with two phases were performed. During the first phase 1522 primary or pre-adolescent school children were screened and 3122 secondary or adolescent school children. During the second phase 259 primary school subjects (129 at risk and 130 controls) and 425 secondary school subjects (217 at risk and 208 controls). Subjects with unspecified eating disorders were identified in each age group.The Children Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and Youth's Inventory-IV tests were performed. ED diagnoses were confirmed using the diagnostic interview for children and adolescents (in preadolescents) and the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (in adolescents). 3 nonconsecutive day's food intake was recorded (including a weekday). The Goldberg test was used to validate the estimation of energy intake. Feeding patterns were determined using factorial analysis (method of principal components), overweight and obesity using Cole et al's cut-off points and body dissatisfaction (BD) using the Body Areas Satisfaction Test. Data was analysed using the SPPS statistical package (version 13.0). Results: ED of greater severity was associated with lower energy intake in girls and this was more evident during adolescence. Calcium, phosphorous, iron and folates are the most susceptible nutrients to deficiency. Differences in feeding patterns were observed according to severity of the ED and age. In both sexes and in both age groups the frequency of excess weight and fat mass increased significantly with greater severity of ED. Girls at risk of ED and with greater BMI showed greater BD. In the risk group of adolescent girls, socio-cultural and emotional factors were associated with BD.Conclusions: Greater severity of ED was associated with less energy and nutrient intake in girls and this was significant in adolescents. While the restriction is of lipid origin in preadolescents, the three macronutrients are equally restricted in adolescents. In both preadolescence and adolescence, greater BMI and less body satisfaction are negatively associated with energy intake only in girls and mainly in situations of ED risk.

Los trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA) son definidos como alteraciones severas y enfermedades psiquiátricas complejas, de múltiples causas que están relacionadas con la ingesta de los alimentos y a la intensa preocupación por perder peso. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de riesgo de trastornos de conducta alimentaria en 60 estudiantes del segundo ciclo de la carrera de psicología de una universidad privada de Chiclayo, 2022 y como objetivos específicos, identificar la variable según sexo y dimensiones. El diseño fue no experimental y el tipo de estudio descriptivo. Se aplicó el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT-26), el cual constó de 26 ítems con una escala de tipo Likert de 0 a 6 puntos, con un Alpha de Cronbach de 0,81. Se obtuvo que, solo 9 de los estudiantes presentan riesgo de padecer trastorno de conducta alimentaria. Además, se evidenció mayor riesgo de TCA en el sexo femenino y en la dimensión de control oral. Se concluye que existe un bajo riesgo de padecer trastornos de conducta alimentaria, es decir que los estudiantes no reflejaron conductas perjudiciales para la salud, lo cual hace poco probable que desarrollen el trastorno.

In recent years, young university students have experienced a greater concern for the body aspect that is related to having a slim figure. In this sense, it is important to have tools to measure the dissatisfaction they may have with their body appearance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Specifically, to evaluate the internal structure of the BSQ-14, the internal consistency of the model, the evidence of discriminant validity based on the correlations of the average score of the BSQ-14 with a measure of mindfulness and the invariance of the BSQ-14 model, considering the variable of performance of physical activities. For hundred two young university students from Metropolitan Lima participated, with an average age of 20.05 years (SD = 18.18). A test battery including the BSQ-14 and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5) was administered. The results indicate that the one-dimensional structure of the BSQ-14 presented a good fit (x2 = 571,420; CFI = 0.962; SRMR = 0.051) and adequate reliability by the internal consistency method (ω = 0.962). Likewise, the BSQ-14 showed negative correlations with Mindfulness and body satisfaction. The BSQ-14 was shown to be invariant among university women who do or do not exercise. It is concluded that the study provides results that support the use of the BSQ-14 to measure body dissatisfaction with evidence of validity and reliability in a sample of young university students. of Metropolitan Lima.

En los últimos años, las jóvenes universitarias vienen experimentado una mayor preocupación por el aspecto corporal que está relacionado con tener una figura esbelta. En este sentido, es importante disponer de herramientas para medir la insatisfacción que pueden tener con su aspecto corporal. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Específicamente, evaluar la estructura interna del BSQ-14, la consistencia interna del modelo, la evidencia de validez discriminante con base en las correlaciones del puntaje promedio del BSQ-14 con una medida de mindfulness y la invarianza del modelo del BSQ-14, considerando la variable de realización de actividades físicas. Participaron 402 jóvenes universitarias de Lima Metropolitana, con una edad promedio de 20.05 años (DE= 18.18). Se administró una batería de pruebas que incluía el BSQ-14 y Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5). Los resultados indican que la estructura unidimensional del BSQ-14 presentó un buen ajuste (χ²= 571.420; CFI= 0.962; SRMR= 0.051) y una adecuada fiabilidad por el método de consistencia interna (ω = 0.962). Asimismo, el BSQ-14 mostró correlaciones negativas con el Mindfulness y la satisfacción corporal. Se demostró que el BSQ-14 es invariante entre mujeres universitarias que realizan o no ejercicio físico. Se concluye que el estudio brinda resultados que respaldan el uso del BSQ-14 para medir la insatisfacción corporal con evidencias de validez y fiabilidad en una muestra de jóvenes universitarias de Lima Metropolitana. / In recent years, young university students have experienced a greater concern for the body aspect that is related to having a slim figure. In this sense, it is important to have tools to measure the dissatisfaction they may have with their body appearance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Specifically, to evaluate the internal structure of the BSQ-14, the internal consistency of the model, the evidence of discriminant validity based on the correlations of the average score of the BSQ-14 with a measure of mindfulness and the invariance of the BSQ-14 model, considering the variable of performance of physical activities. For hundred two young university students from Metropolitan Lima participated, with an average age of 20.05 years (SD = 18.18). A test battery including the BSQ-14 and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5) was administered. The results indicate that the one-dimensional structure of the BSQ-14 presented a good fit (χ² = 571,420; CFI = 0.962; SRMR = 0.051) and adequate reliability by the internal consistency method (ω = 0.962). Likewise, the BSQ-14 showed negative correlations with Mindfulness and body satisfaction. The BSQ-14 was shown to be invariant among university women who do or do not exercise. It is concluded that the study provides results that support the use of the BSQ-14 to measure body dissatisfaction with evidence of validity and reliability in a sample of young university students. of Metropolitan Lima. / Tesis

Investigación con enfoque cualitativo y diseño fenomenológico, cuyo objetivo fue analizar los procesos subjetivos y de subjetivación durante el proceso de reelección vocacional en jóvenes universitarios. La muestra estuvo conformada por diez estudiantes de universidades privadas limeñas, entre 18 y 21 años de edad, que optaron por la reelección vocacional en una sola ocasión. Se encontró que el proceso de reelección vocacional estuvo conformado por tres momentos: primera elección vocacional, crisis vocacional y reelección vocacional. En un primer momento, los jóvenes se posicionaron subjetivamente de manera pasiva, por lo que sus elecciones respondieron a exigencias sociales y familiares para asegurar un lugar social. No obstante, posteriormente, durante la crisis vocacional, la insatisfacción, el desinterés y el malestar emocional experimentados movilizaron recursos personales para encontrar una profesión que satisficiera sus deseos vocacionales. Finalmente, los jóvenes se reposicionaron creativamente frente a lo social y familiar, apropiándose de sus deseos y construyendo trayectorias vocacionales singulares. / Research with a qualitative approach and phenomenological design, whose objective was to analyze the subjective and subjectivation processes during the process of the switch majors in university students. The sample was ten students from private universities in Lima, between 18 and 21 years old, who opted for the change course only once. It was found that the process of the switch majors consisted of three moments: declaring a major, vocational crisis and switch majors At first, the young people were subjectively positioned in a passive way, so that their choices responded to social and family demands and to ensure a social place. However, later, during the vocational crisis, the dissatisfaction, disinterest, and emotional distress they experienced mobilized personal resources to find a profession that satisfied their vocational desires. Finally, young people creatively repositioned themselves against the social and family, appropriating their desires and building unique vocational trajectories. / Tesis