Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many countries recognise the importance of realising economic growth through the exploitation of research outputs culminating from publicly financed institutions. At the forefront of these countries is the United States of America which has seen increased commercialisation efforts made by its universities since the passing of its Intellectual Property (IP) legislation, the Bayh-Dole Act in the 1980s. The Act assigned IP rights to public institutions. Most countries have since followed suit and SA is likewise in the process of adopting similar legislation, namely the Intellectual Property Rights Bill (IPR Bill). The Department of Science and Technology (DST), which is responsible for growing the knowledge base of the country, guided by the National R&D Strategy adopted in 2002, has developed a framework for IP rights emanating from publicly financed research. This will form the basis for IPR legislation, which is currently under review by Parliament. The legislation is similar to that adopted in the USA, with due consideration for local content. It also assigns IP rights emanating from publicly financed research to the recipient entities, that is, public institutions and small businesses. The legislation aims to stimulate inter alia a culture of patenting by public institutions. This has the potential to increase the commercialisation of these research outputs, as evidenced in other countries. The abovementioned legislation refers to the establishment of a national agency, the National IP Management Office (NIPMO), which will have the responsibility of undertaking the administrative function set out in the legislation. This paper investigates a business model, as well as an institutional framework for NIPMO, taking into account the challenges of IP management in SA and abroad. Desktop research was carried out for a better understanding of the status quo in the IP management landscape, both locally and abroad. This was followed by primary research by means of interviews in order to gain insight into the nature of local IP management offices, the challenges they are faced with and also the expectations of the planned National IP Management Office. The literature survey indicated that many countries have come to realise the importance of developing their economies through exploitation of publicly financed research outputs. Most countries have since adopted IPR legislation to enable public research institutions to manage their IP, and commercialise their research outputs. There are still challenges faced by this system, which are similar across countries. These range from the financing required for the management and running of these office, limited capacity, and also traditional mindsets of researchers in putting greater value on publications than on patents. Exploiting the information gathered, an environmental analysis in the form of SWOT and stakeholder analyses was carried out, which culminated in the development of a business model and a governance model. Some of the key recommendations that have been made in this study include the following:  NIPMO should follow the proposed business model which outlines the different number of expertise and services that should be provided to ensure the sustainable administering of the IPR legislation.  In order to be able to provide a much needed service and be accessible to the institutional technology transfer offices (TTOs), NIPMO should set up provincial offices to better assist the under-capacitated TTOs, as well as institutions without TTOs.  As skills are being developed in the area of IP Management, it should be considered to roll-out these regional offices incrementally, starting with areas that are in most need of these services, namely Kwa-Zulu Natal and the Eastern Cape.  NIPMO should play a major role in monitoring and evaluating the implementation and the impact of the new legislation on the innovativeness of the country’s research environment. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Baie lande besef die belangrikheid van die verwesenliking van ekonomiese groei deur die benutting van navorsingsuitsette wat van staatsgefinansierde instellings afkomstig is. Die Verenigde State van Amerika (VSA) is aan die voorpunt van hierdie lande, met toenemende kommersialisering deur hierdie land se universiteite sedert die wetgewing oor Intellektuele Eiendom (IE) by wyse van die Bayh-Dole-wet in die 1980’s goedgekeur is. Hierdie wet het IE-regte aan regeringsinstellings toegeken. Die meeste lande het hierdie voorbeeld gevolg, en ook Suid-Afrika is tans besig om soortgelyke wetgewing goed te keur, naamlik die Wetsontwerp op Intellektuele Eiendomsregte (IER-wetsontwerp). Die Departement van Wetenskap en Tegnologie (DWT), wat verantwoordelik is vir die uitbreiding van die land se kennisbasis en deur die Nasionale Navorsings- en Ontwikkelingstrategie wat in 2002 goedgekeur is, gerig word, het ’n raamwerk vir IE-regte wat uit staatsgefinansierde navorsing afkomstig is, ontwikkel. Dít sal die grondslag vorm van IER-wetgewing en die IER-wetsontwerp, wat tans deur die Parlement in hersiening geneem word. Die wetgewing stem ooreen met dít wat in die VSA goedgekeur is, en skenk behoorlike oorweging aan plaaslike inhoud. Dit ken ook IE-regte wat uit staatsgefinansierde navorsing afkomstig is, aan die ontvangerentiteite, naamlik staatsinstellings en klein besighede, toe. Die wetgewing is daarop gemik om onder andere ’n kultuur van patentering deur staatsinstellings te stimuleer. Dit bied die moontlikheid van verhoogde kommersialisering van hierdie navorsingsuitsette, soos in ander lande aangetoon. Die bogenoemde wetgewing verwys na die stigting van ’n nasionale agentskap, die Nasionale IE-bestuurskantoor (NIMPO), wat daarvoor verantwoordelik sal wees om die administratiewe funksie, soos in die wetgewing gestipuleer, uit te voer. Hierdie tesis ondersoek ’n sakemodel asook ’n institusionele raamwerk vir NIPMO, wat die uitdagings van IE-bestuur in Suid-Afrika en in die buiteland in aanmerking neem. Literatuur oor die onderwerp is ondersoek om beter begrip van die status quo in die terrein van IE-bestuur, sowel plaaslik as in die buiteland, te verkry. Hierna het primêre navorsing deur middel van onderhoude gevolg, ten einde insig in die aard van plaaslike IE-bestuurskantore, die uitdagings waarvoor hulle te staan kom en ook die verwagtinge van die beplande NIMPO te verkry. Die literatuuroorsig het getoon dat baie lande die belangrikheid van die ontwikkeling van hul ekonomieë deur die benutting van staatsgefinansierde navorsingsuitsette besef. Die meeste lande het intussen IER-wetgewing goedgekeur ten einde staatsnavorsingsinstellings in staat te stel om hul IE te bestuur, en om hul navorsingsuitsette te kommersialiseer. Hierdie stelsel kom steeds voor uitdagings te staan, soos ook die geval in ander lande. Hierdie uitdagings wissel van die finansiering wat nodig is vir die bestuur en werking van hierdie kantore en beperkte kapasiteit tot ’n tradisionele ingesteldheid van navorsers om groter waarde op publikasies as op patente te plaas. Op grond van die inligting wat ingesamel is, is ’n omgewingsontleding in die vorm van SWOT- en belanghebberontledings uitgevoer, wat tot die ontwikkeling van ’n sake- en ’n beheermodel gelei het. Op grond van die ontledings is belangrike aanbevelings gemaak, wat die volgende insluit:  NIPMO moet die voorgestelde sakemodel volg, wat die hoeveelheid kundigheid en dienste stipuleer wat nodig is om die volhoubare uitvoering van die IER-wetgewing te verseker.  Ten einde in staat te wees om ’n uiters noodsaaklike diens te verskaf en vir die institusionele tegnologie-oordragkantore (TOK’s) toeganklik te wees, moet NIPMO provinsiale kantore stig om TOK’s met ’n lae kapasiteit asook instellings sonder TOK’s beter te kan bystaan.  Aangesien vaardighede in die veld van EI-bestuur nog ontwikkel word, moet oorweging daaraan geskenk word om hierdie streekskantore toenemend van stapel te laat loop deur te begin by gebiede wat hierdie dienste die nodigste het, soos Kwa-Zulu Natal en die Oos-Kaap.  NIPMO moet ’n belangrike rol in die monitering en evaluering van die implementering en die impak van die nuwe wetgewing op die vernuwende aard van die land se navorsingsomgewing speel.

p. 1 - 221 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-16T19:25:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FFFFFF.pdf: 1512749 bytes, checksum: e6c1cee0e02c08e81ce30ecceaf54cf4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-16T19:25:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FFFFFF.pdf: 1512749 bytes, checksum: e6c1cee0e02c08e81ce30ecceaf54cf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A propriedade intelectual (PI) é um importante instrumento para apropriação do desenvolvimento tecnológico e para o estabelecimento de vantagens competitivas, notadamente para as empresas que empreendem inovações tecnológicas, na economia do conhecimento e da intangibilidade. Neste contexto de acirrada competitividade, emerge a necessidade da gestão estratégica dos ativos intangíveis, que perpassa pelos direitos de PI, mas não se encerra na obtenção de proteção legal a tais direitos. Assim, o objetivo desta dissertação é identificar, por meio de estudo multicaso junto às empresas Braskem S.A. e Plásticos Novel do Nordeste S.A., selecionadas pela sua representatividade no uso do sistema de propriedade industrial, o alinhamento entre as práticas de gestão adotadas e o postulado pela literatura em termos de orientação estratégica para a gestão de propriedade intelectual. Para o alcance de tal objetivo, são revisadas as produções científicas sobre economia do conhecimento e suas influências no mundo corporativo; sobre inovação, seus impactos na competitividade das firmas e seu relacionamento com a temática principal (PI). Em seguida, discute-se propriedade intelectual, contemplando seus aspectos jurídicos e gerencias. A parte empírica do estudo evidencia o perfil das empresas pesquisadas, bem como análises individuais e comparativas com relação às práticas de gestão de PI encontradas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que a condução da gestão pelas empresas e as práticas verificadas são dependentes da estratégia empresarial, principalmente em sua vertente tecnológica e/ou de inovação e mercadológica, resguardadas suas características em termos de estruturas de mercado (porte, área de atuação, tipo de produto, mercados, estrutura industrial, estratégias) e outras especificidades. / Salvador

二十一世紀是知識經濟的時代，知識與創新是全球企業核心競爭力的關鍵。有鑑於知識內容產業在於數位經濟時代發展之重要性，行政院經濟部宣布將2002年訂為「數位元年」，並提出「新世紀兩兆雙星產業發展計畫」，其中，「數位內容產業」不但被選為新世紀全力發展的明星產業，其預期產值於2006年將達到3,700億新台幣。我國政府正積極推動數位內容產業的發展，但在資源與經費有限的情況下，目前選擇以「電腦動畫」及「線上遊戲」為我國的重點推動產業。在消費者日益重視視覺享受的今天，如果要發展內容產業，動畫產業的發展勢必成為關鍵之一。本研究即針對數位內容產業的「電腦動畫」作個案研究分析。 由於我國動畫產業之業務以往多為代工模式，缺乏內容授權、智財保護與行銷等相關知識經驗。故儘速發展我國動畫產業之智慧財產管理與授權業務，實乃當務之急。 有鑑於新興產業環境尚未成熟，因此本研究採取個案深入訪談法，個案對象之選取，乃從國內動畫產業中各選取具有代表性與業界口碑良好之廠商共三家。本研究針對「電腦動畫」廠商所涉及之智慧財產管理與授權管理，做一體系性的介紹並探討廠商目前之做法，同時探討動畫製作流程中可能會遇到之相關智慧財產問題。其研究建議茲分述如下： 一、國內動畫廠商應加強智慧財產觀念，妥善處理智慧財產問題，避免產生不必要之糾紛。 二、國內動畫廠商應建立動畫與其衍生商品之授權策略。 三、國內動畫廠商須依照自身能力、已有資源、關係與定位來選擇最合適的發展模式。 四、政府應檢討現行數位內容法案對於動畫廠商之實際效益，並參酌各國政府建立產業環境與機制之做法，衡量台灣目前之狀況，選擇合適之做法。 / The 21st century is the era of knowledge economy. Knowledge and innovation are crucial for global companies in order to enhance their core competency. Because of the importance of knowledge content industry in this digital economy age, the Taiwan government has announced the year 2002 “the First Digital Year,” and has formulated its "Two Trillion and Twin Star Industries Development Plan”. This plan indicated that the digital content industry is a promising area of which the expected production value will reach NT$ 370 billions in 2006. Right now our government are promoting digital content industry positively, but due to limited resource and money, choose ”3D animation” and “on-line game” as our country’s key industry. Nowadays, consumers pay more attention to enjoyment of vision, if we want to develop content industry; the develop of animation industry is the key point. Therefore, this study explores the current situation of animation companies in Taiwan. Because of the lack of content license, intellectual property protection, marketing, and other related knowledge and experiences, it’s the most important thing to expand intellectual property management and license of animation companies in Taiwan. As a result of the environment of oncoming industry has not matured as yet, this study uses ”in-depth interviews” of case study, selecting three representative and well-known companies from animation industry in Taiwan. This study explores the current situation of intellectual property management and license of animation companies in Taiwan, furthermore, searches for the related intellectual property problems in the course of animation creation. Major suggestions are stated as follows: 1.Animation companies in Taiwan should strengthen intellectual property concepts, and handle the related intellectual property problems properly, to avoid unnecessary conflicts. 2. Animation companies in Taiwan should establish licensing strategy of animated cartoon and derivative products. 3. Animation companies in Taiwan should select a suitable develop model according to their own capability, resources, relationship and position. 4.The government should review the actual benefit of current digital content law and deliberate about other countries’ methods of establish industry environment; Consider current situation of Taiwan and select a suitable method.

生技新藥產業是指使用於人類及動植物用之新藥及高風險醫療器材之產業。而生技新藥產業與醫藥產業，在目的上均與人類及動植物用藥或醫療儀器相關；差異之處在於目前的生技醫藥產業相較於20餘年前的醫藥產業，多了生物技術的應用，產業結構由大型藥廠垂直整合演變為非營利組織、生物技術公司、大型藥廠分工的形態。總結來說，生物技術是生技新藥產業的重要組成要素，而生物技術的興起，則改變了過去醫藥產業產品與技術的組成，也改變了產業結構。 生物技術產業或醫藥產業是全球各國競相發展的產業類別，我國亦不例外；其中，美國無論於生物技術或醫藥產業的發展，均居於全球領先的地位，其成功必然有可以提供我們討論或學習之處。而在知識價值鏈的體系中，美國大學更扮演著提供創新以及產學合作的重要角色，對於全球生技新藥產業的進步有重要的貢獻。從而本研究以美國為標的，研究產業的發展歷程，並進一步以產業之觀點，探討大學產學合作的模式以及智慧財產管理，希望能供我國大學與產業實務發展的參考。 從美國生物技術與醫藥產業發展的歷史與經驗，本研究歸納出生物技術產業興起的因素，與1980年代發生的基礎科學上的突破性發展、拜杜法案的通過、專利法將生物技術的發明納入保護範圍，三項因素有關。另外，由大學所提供的創新，透過密切的產學合作、授權與技術移轉、企業間的策略聯盟等方式，於知識的價值鏈中流動並增加價值，而大學提供創新的人才，往往也是創業者和重要的經營者。 本研究認為，美國大學對生物技術發展具有重要性的貢獻，其中，大學內部創業與大學智慧財產的管理特別值得討論。在大學內部創業方面，美國大學不但鼓勵創業，並制定股權政策，允許新創公司以股權取代部分的授權報酬，給予新創公司實際的協助。透過限制大學持股比例與禁止大學擔任董事或參與董事投票活動之原則，則可兼顧大學避免利益衝突與公司專業經營的需求。 在大學智慧財產管理的部份，本研究認為加州大學系統的智慧財產管理方式，採用網路式的授權與技術移轉組織，將各校區共同的需求如政策、法務、資訊技術與通訊等活動統籌處理，而將需與發明人和企業密切交流的活動如授權與技術移轉的活動交由各校區的授權與技術移轉中心負責。透過此種統籌與分工管理的方式，能夠兼顧減少營運成本與增加授權效率的功能。 經由本研究節果，建議我國的大學可採用網路式的授權與技術移轉組織之概念，除各校之授權與技轉中心外，聯合設一統籌政策、法務、智慧財產資料庫之管理機構，並對大學持有公司股份、鼓勵創業、避免利益迴避等議題制定一致的政策，方能有效利用資源並發揮大學創新的價值。 / Biotech and new drug development industry are targeted toward the development of drugs for human, animal, or plant use. This also includes the high-risk industry in medical devices. Although the pharmaceutical industry shares common objectives, the biotech and new drug industry emphasizes on applications in biotechnology and its industrial structure is composed by non-profit organizations and biotech dedicated firms. While biotechnology forms the basis to the biotech and new drug industry, the improvement of biotechnology also changed the interaction between the pharmaceutical products and technologies as well as its industrial structure. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry have received considerable attention around the world, including Taiwan. Since U.S. has been the leading country in the development of biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, we can surely learn from its success. In particular, universities in the U.S. have played a crucial role in providing innovation and promoting university-industry cooperation and resulted in significant contributions to the progress of global biotech and new drug industry. Thus, this study will investigate the development of the industry within the U.S. by dissecting the various university-industry cooperation models and the management of intellectual property rights. Results from this study will hopefully shed some light on bridging our university with industry for further practice operation. By examining the U.S. biotech and pharmaceutical industry, this study has concluded that breakthroughs in fundamental, the passage of Bayh-Dole Act, and the inclusion of biotechnology into patent law science in 1980s are responsible for the rise of biotechnology industry. In addition, active university-industry cooperation along with licensing, technology transfer, strategic alliance among enterprises and information flowing in the knowledge value chain added the value of the innovation provided by universities. In many cases, the university has not only provided innovation, but also a source for future leaders that would take on role of the founders or head of project management. The U.S. universities have made significant contributions to the development of biotechnology by establishing entrepreneurship programs, intellectual property rights management, and often providing substantial assistance in business start-up. One type of assistance is rendered through regulating policies on equity that allows start-up companies to provide equity in place of part of license fee. In order to avoid a “conflict of interest”, universities should be limited of their possession of industry equity, which can prevents them from taking part in the company as the board director or members. In terms of the management of intellectual property rights, the measures of management of the University of California system can help diminish operation cost and enhance licensing efficiency. University of California system resorts to Technology transfer in a distributed institutional network that feed the common needs from each campus such as patent policies, general counsel, and information technology and communications. A licensing and technology transfer center (OTT) on each campus will follow a system wide license and technology transfer process between the inventor and the enterprise. In conclusion, it is recommended that our university could adopt the concept of network licensing and technology transfer. Through an overall arrangement, a management institute can be established to regulate the planning of policies, provide general counseling, and build a database of intellectual property rights aside from the existing licensing and technology center of each university. In the best interest of the developing biotech and new drug industry, universities should initiate policies with regard to equity holding limitation, encouragement of start-up business, and the avoidance in the “conflict of interest” so the industry may effectively utilize university resources and demonstrate its innovative values.

<p>The purpose of this thesis is to explore what software evaluation methods are currently available that can assist organizations and companies in procuring a software solution for some particular task or purpose for a specific type of business. The thesis is based on a real-world scenario where a company, Volvo Technology Corporation (VTEC), is in the process of selecting a new intellectual property management system for their patent department. For them to make an informed decision as to which system to choose, an evaluation of market alternatives needs to be done. First, a set of software evaluation methods and techniques are chosen for further evaluation. An organizational study, by means of interviews where questions are based on the ISO 9126-1 Software quality model, is then conducted, eliciting user opinions about the current system and what improvements a future system should have. The candidate methods are then evaluated based on the results from the organizational study and other pertinent factors in order to reach a conclusion as to which method is best suited for this selection problem. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is deemed the best choice.</p>

Technological entrepreneurship is the combination of technology with the market to meet in advance to the wants and needs of customers by ensuring that adequate resources are allocated for the development and launch of products and services. The technology-based companies, in turn, have particularities in relation to traditional business sectors and therefore the importance of its dialogue with technology parks and business incubators. Such interaction is ideal because the entrepreneur of technology-based companies face an additional challenge, in relation to the others, to turn ideas into production, from researcher to entrepreneur. The Technological Park Foundation of Paraíba (PaqTcPB) through the Technology Incubator of Campina Grande (ITCG), 30 years ago, supports this type of company in the state of Paraíba, encouraging technology transfer , fostering the creation of new technology-based firms, approaching the world of Science, Technology and Innovation of the business world. It is important, also, the diffusion of the culture of protection and management of Intellectual Property (IP) for the consolidation of corporate strategies that exploit the intangible assets of such enterprise, turning assets into securable assets to company. In order to diagnose the IP management strategies used by companies related to ITCG, a questionnaire with objective and semi-structured open-ended questions, a set of companies in the database ITCG between incubated, graduates, associates was applied, or firms receiving a program to encourage the innovative entrepreneurship. Subjecting the data to a quantitative and qualitative analysis, traced the profile of these companies, 80% of them working in the TIC technology sector and up to six years of existence. Although 87% of companies having entrepreneurs with graduate degrees, masters in their majority, more than half of the group says its main product is not derived from the result of R&D in universities. A total of 87% of companies consider their innovative product in the market, and 67% believe the product to be protectable, however, 87% of companies do not adopt any policy of acquisition, exploration and/or monitoring of IP assets. Of the respondents, only 33% have IP assets protected, but 60% have used a service provided by the INPI, with 20% of employee offices patent offices abroad. Just over half, 53%, claimed to have received some kind of training on ITCG PI, 73% consider it very important to protect IP assets and 47% find it very important to participate in the Incubator guidance on the topic to the company. Among the main difficulties listed in IP management are problems in defining what is protectable, the high cost of specialized services and bureaucracy and delay in analysis applications. As these companies are in the process of consolidation in negotiating world, it is crucial guidance and advice, permanently, by the ITCG to issues related to IP. Shares an educational basis, such as courses, lectures, or training to guide companies on how to identify their intangible assets, protect them and exploit them, are essential. However, stands as essential to providing a constant counseling, with specialized personnel to try to assist in resolving practical issues faced by the company, both in IP protection, as in the generation of resources from these assets. / O empreendedorismo tecnológico consiste na combinação da tecnologia com o mercado para atender aos desejos e necessidades dos clientes, assegurando que os recursos adequados serão alocados para o desenvolvimento e lançamento dos produtos e serviços. As empresas de base tecnológica, por sua vez, apresentam particularidades em relação às empresas de setores tradicionais e, por isso, a importância do seu diálogo com parques tecnológicos e incubadoras de empresas. A Fundação PaqTcPB, através da Incubadora Tecnológica de Campina Grande (ITCG), há 30 anos, apoia este tipo de empresa no estado da Paraíba, estimulando a transferência de tecnologia, fomentando a criação de novas empresas de base tecnológica, aproximando o mundo da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do mundo dos negócios. É relevante, também, a difusão da cultura da proteção e gestão da Propriedade Intelectual (PI) para a consolidação de estratégias empresariais que explorem os ativos intangíveis deste tipo de empreendimento, transformando os bens passíveis de proteção em ativos para a empresa. Com o objetivo de diagnosticar as estratégias de gestão da PI utilizadas por empresas vinculadas à ITCG, foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas objetivas e abertas semiestruturadas, a um conjunto de empresas constantes do banco de dados da ITCG, entre incubadas, graduadas, associadas, ou empresas beneficiárias de algum programa de fomento ao empreendedorismo inovador. Submetendo os dados a uma análise quanti-qualitativa, traçou-se o perfil destas empresas, sendo 80% delas atuantes no setor de TIC e com até seis anos de existência. Apesar de 87% das empresas possuírem empreendedores com pós-graduação, na sua maioria mestres, mais da metade do grupo afirma que seu produto principal não deriva de resultado de P&D nas universidades. Um total de 87% das empresas considera o seu produto inovador no mercado, sendo que 67% acreditam ser o produto passível de proteção, no entanto, 87% das empresas não adotam qualquer política de aquisição, exploração e/ou monitorização de ativos de PI. Apenas 33% possuem ativos de PI protegidos, mas 60% já utilizaram algum serviço disponibilizado pelo INPI, tendo 20% empregado serviços de escritórios de patentes no exterior. Pouco mais da metade, 53%, alegou ter recebido algum tipo de treinamento da ITCG sobre PI, 73% consideram muito importante proteger os ativos de PI e 47% acham muito importante a participação da Incubadora nas orientações sobre o tema à empresa. Entre as principais dificuldades elencadas na gestão da PI estão os problemas na definição do que é passível de proteção, os altos custos dos serviços especializados e a burocracia e demora nas análises dos pedidos. Como estas empresas se encontram em processo de consolidação no mundo negocial, é fundamental a orientação e o assessoramento, de forma permanente, por parte da ITCG, para questões relacionadas à PI. Ações de cunho educativo, como cursos, palestras, ou treinamentos para orientar as empresas de como identificar seus ativos intangíveis, protegê-los e explorá-los, são essenciais. Contudo, firma-se como indispensável a disponibilização de um assessoramento constante, com pessoal especializado para tentar auxiliar na resolução de questões de ordem prática enfrentadas pela empresa, tanto no âmbito de proteção da PI, quanto na geração de recursos a partir desses ativos

Technological entrepreneurship is the combination of technology with the market to meet in advance to the wants and needs of customers by ensuring that adequate resources are allocated for the development and launch of products and services. The technology-based companies, in turn, have particularities in relation to traditional business sectors and therefore the importance of its dialogue with technology parks and business incubators. Such interaction is ideal because the entrepreneur of technology-based companies face an additional challenge, in relation to the others, to turn ideas into production, from researcher to entrepreneur. The Technological Park Foundation of Paraíba (PaqTcPB) through the Technology Incubator of Campina Grande (ITCG), 30 years ago, supports this type of company in the state of Paraíba, encouraging technology transfer , fostering the creation of new technology-based firms, approaching the world of Science, Technology and Innovation of the business world. It is important, also, the diffusion of the culture of protection and management of Intellectual Property (IP) for the consolidation of corporate strategies that exploit the intangible assets of such enterprise, turning assets into securable assets to company. In order to diagnose the IP management strategies used by companies related to ITCG, a questionnaire with objective and semi-structured open-ended questions, a set of companies in the database ITCG between incubated, graduates, associates was applied, or firms receiving a program to encourage the innovative entrepreneurship. Subjecting the data to a quantitative and qualitative analysis, traced the profile of these companies, 80% of them working in the TIC technology sector and up to six years of existence. Although 87% of companies having entrepreneurs with graduate degrees, masters in their majority, more than half of the group says its main product is not derived from the result of R&D in universities. A total of 87% of companies consider their innovative product in the market, and 67% believe the product to be protectable, however, 87% of companies do not adopt any policy of acquisition, exploration and/or monitoring of IP assets. Of the respondents, only 33% have IP assets protected, but 60% have used a service provided by the INPI, with 20% of employee offices patent offices abroad. Just over half, 53%, claimed to have received some kind of training on ITCG PI, 73% consider it very important to protect IP assets and 47% find it very important to participate in the Incubator guidance on the topic to the company. Among the main difficulties listed in IP management are problems in defining what is protectable, the high cost of specialized services and bureaucracy and delay in analysis applications. As these companies are in the process of consolidation in negotiating world, it is crucial guidance and advice, permanently, by the ITCG to issues related to IP. Shares an educational basis, such as courses, lectures, or training to guide companies on how to identify their intangible assets, protect them and exploit them, are essential. However, stands as essential to providing a constant counseling, with specialized personnel to try to assist in resolving practical issues faced by the company, both in IP protection, as in the generation of resources from these assets. / O empreendedorismo tecnológico consiste na combinação da tecnologia com o mercado para atender aos desejos e necessidades dos clientes, assegurando que os recursos adequados serão alocados para o desenvolvimento e lançamento dos produtos e serviços. As empresas de base tecnológica, por sua vez, apresentam particularidades em relação às empresas de setores tradicionais e, por isso, a importância do seu diálogo com parques tecnológicos e incubadoras de empresas. A Fundação PaqTcPB, através da Incubadora Tecnológica de Campina Grande (ITCG), há 30 anos, apoia este tipo de empresa no estado da Paraíba, estimulando a transferência de tecnologia, fomentando a criação de novas empresas de base tecnológica, aproximando o mundo da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do mundo dos negócios. É relevante, também, a difusão da cultura da proteção e gestão da Propriedade Intelectual (PI) para a consolidação de estratégias empresariais que explorem os ativos intangíveis deste tipo de empreendimento, transformando os bens passíveis de proteção em ativos para a empresa. Com o objetivo de diagnosticar as estratégias de gestão da PI utilizadas por empresas vinculadas à ITCG, foi aplicado um questionário com perguntas objetivas e abertas semiestruturadas, a um conjunto de empresas constantes do banco de dados da ITCG, entre incubadas, graduadas, associadas, ou empresas beneficiárias de algum programa de fomento ao empreendedorismo inovador. Submetendo os dados a uma análise quanti-qualitativa, traçou-se o perfil destas empresas, sendo 80% delas atuantes no setor de TIC e com até seis anos de existência. Apesar de 87% das empresas possuírem empreendedores com pós-graduação, na sua maioria mestres, mais da metade do grupo afirma que seu produto principal não deriva de resultado de P&D nas universidades. Um total de 87% das empresas considera o seu produto inovador no mercado, sendo que 67% acreditam ser o produto passível de proteção, no entanto, 87% das empresas não adotam qualquer política de aquisição, exploração e/ou monitorização de ativos de PI. Apenas 33% possuem ativos de PI protegidos, mas 60% já utilizaram algum serviço disponibilizado pelo INPI, tendo 20% empregado serviços de escritórios de patentes no exterior. Pouco mais da metade, 53%, alegou ter recebido algum tipo de treinamento da ITCG sobre PI, 73% consideram muito importante proteger os ativos de PI e 47% acham muito importante a participação da Incubadora nas orientações sobre o tema à empresa. Entre as principais dificuldades elencadas na gestão da PI estão os problemas na definição do que é passível de proteção, os altos custos dos serviços especializados e a burocracia e demora nas análises dos pedidos. Como estas empresas se encontram em processo de consolidação no mundo negocial, é fundamental a orientação e o assessoramento, de forma permanente, por parte da ITCG, para questões relacionadas à PI. Ações de cunho educativo, como cursos, palestras, ou treinamentos para orientar as empresas de como identificar seus ativos intangíveis, protegê-los e explorá-los, são essenciais. Contudo, firma-se como indispensável a disponibilização de um assessoramento constante, com pessoal especializado para tentar auxiliar na resolução de questões de ordem prática enfrentadas pela empresa, tanto no âmbito de proteção da PI, quanto na geração de recursos a partir desses ativos

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-11-22T16:37:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaantunesvidon.pdf: 3257049 bytes, checksum: f79c8180555afc9f1d3d4632bc7c9d6c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-11-23T12:54:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaantunesvidon.pdf: 3257049 bytes, checksum: f79c8180555afc9f1d3d4632bc7c9d6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-23T12:54:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaantunesvidon.pdf: 3257049 bytes, checksum: f79c8180555afc9f1d3d4632bc7c9d6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-22 / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado Profissional em Administração Pública (PROFIAP) da Faculdade de Administração e Ciências Contábeis, da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (FACC/UFJF). O caso de gestão busca identificar as contribuições que a adoção de uma política de gestão de propriedade intelectual pode trazer para a transferência de tecnologia na UFJF e propor ferramentas a serem implementadas a esta política. Dentro desta perspectiva, para atingir os objetivos propostos foram analisadas as principais ferramentas estratégicas das políticas de gestão de propriedade intelectual utilizadas na Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), instituições estas que se destacam nos indicadores de inovação no estado de Minas Gerais, conforme demonstram os dados obtidos no Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), no Ranking Universitário Folha (RUF) e na Rede Mineira de Propriedade Intelectual (RMPI). O estudo foi embasado em referências teóricas relativas à inovação, inovação tecnológica, transferência de tecnologia e propriedade intelectual. Com relação ao percurso metodológico foram adotadas as orientações qualitativa e quantitativa com a utilização de questionário e entrevista. O estudo apontou que uma política de gestão da propriedade intelectual pode contribuir efetivamente para a transferência de tecnologia de uma organização. Diante de tais resultados desenvolveu-se no terceiro capítulo deste trabalho um Plano de Ação, cujas propostas abarcam um conjunto de ferramentas estratégicas de gestão da propriedade intelectual, identificadas como boas práticas nas instituições analisadas, para o aprimoramento da transferência tecnologia na UFJF. / This dissertation was developed during the Professional Master Degree Program in Public Administration (PROFIAP) at the Faculty of Administration and Accounting Sciences of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (FACC / UFJF). The study seeks to identify the contributions that the creation of an intellectual property policy can bring to the technology transfer at UFJF and at the same time offers tools to be implemented in this policy. In this regard, in order to achieve the objectives of this study, the main strategic management tools of intellectual property policy used at the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) were analysed. These institutions stand out in the innovation indicators in the state of Minas Gerais, as shown by data obtained at the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), on the University Ranking Folha (RUF) and in the Minas Network of Intellectual Property (RMPI). The study was based on theoretical references regarding innovation, technological innovation, technology transfer and intellectual property. The methodology used had a qualitative and quantitative orientation with a questionnaire and interview. The study showed that an intellectual property policy can effectively contribute to the technology transfer of an organization. With such results, it was developed in the third chapter of this research an Action Plan, which propositions include a set of strategy tools for the management of intellectual property identified as good practices, at the analysed institutions, for the improvement of technology transfer at UFJF.

The purpose of this thesis is to explore what software evaluation methods are currently available that can assist organizations and companies in procuring a software solution for some particular task or purpose for a specific type of business. The thesis is based on a real-world scenario where a company, Volvo Technology Corporation (VTEC), is in the process of selecting a new intellectual property management system for their patent department. For them to make an informed decision as to which system to choose, an evaluation of market alternatives needs to be done. First, a set of software evaluation methods and techniques are chosen for further evaluation. An organizational study, by means of interviews where questions are based on the ISO 9126-1 Software quality model, is then conducted, eliciting user opinions about the current system and what improvements a future system should have. The candidate methods are then evaluated based on the results from the organizational study and other pertinent factors in order to reach a conclusion as to which method is best suited for this selection problem. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is deemed the best choice.

The share of patents held by the universities reflects the strength of technological research of any nation. Despite legislative encouragement provided in most countries for universities to patent their research, academic patents form only a small volume of patents filed in any country. Universities do not seem to patent most of their research. This situation is exacerbated in the case of India, where only 0.7% of the patents during the period 2003 – 05 were owned by the universities. This concern led to the current study of probing the patenting behaviour of faculty. From extant literature, we found that most of the research in academic patenting was either at university level or national level and the conclusions were based on econometric analyses of secondary data. A major limitation of those studies was that, they assume individual characteristics as constant. The contribution of this study is to relax the above mentioned assumption and focus on studying the impact of individual characteristics of faculty on their patenting behavior. The thesis has three main objectives, namely a. To develop a model of academic patenting behavior with academic inventors as the focus. b. To deduce individual characteristics that distinguishes an academic patentee from an academic non patentee. c. To provide insightful suggestions to administrators at universities for intellectual property management policies and practices, along with talent management practices to enable patenting behavior. We modeled patenting behavior at the individual level as being influenced by demographic variables such as designation, prior industrial experience and behavioral variables, namely, attitudes towards patenting, situational awareness of support for patenting, personality traits like resilience and creative personality traits and motives like monetary, fame and prosocial motives. Initially, eight academic patentees were interviewed to arrive at individual characteristics requiring study. We combined the behavioral characteristics derived from the content analysis of the initial study with our insights from the gaps in the existing literature and designed a questionnaire. The questionnaire aimed at measuring seven behavioral variables along with collecting information on demographic details. The seven behavioral variables included in our study are creative personality traits, resilience, attitudes towards patenting, situational awareness of support for patenting, monetary motives, fame motives and prosocial motives. The main study was conducted using survey research design. We contacted 1200 faculty from Indian Institute of Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Indian Institute of Technology Madras and Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur initially through e-mail and later in person. We used data provided by a sample of 249 faculty members for the analyses. In the sample, 115 are academic-patentees and 134 are academic-non-patentees. We attempted to determine individual characteristics that distinguish an academic-patentee from an academic-non-patentee. The results from our study indicated that in academic patentees there was a statistically significant correlation between prosocial motive and situational awareness of support patenting. While in the case of academic non patentees, there was a significant correlation between fame motive and monetary motive. Using t-test, we were able to conclude that academic patentees differed significantly (p < 0.01) from academic non patentees in their attitude towards patenting and in their situational awareness of support for patenting. We found that both the academic patentees and academic non patentees were high in resilience and did not differ from each other significantly. When we looked into differences in motives we found that academic patentees differed significantly (p < 0.01) in their prosocial and monetary motives. Both the groups were high on fame motives and did not differ significantly from each other. Based on results of chi-square tests of the 28 creative personality traits, we could conclude that academic patentees differed significantly from academic non patentees (p < 0.01) in describing themselves as unconventional and inventive. We found that our model of patenting behavior that included demographic variables like age and prior industrial experience along with behavioral variables like attitudes towards patenting, situational awareness of support for patenting and being unconventional explained maximum variance (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.48). We were able to classify 78% of the sample correctly into academic patentees and academic non patentees. The Wald criterion demonstrated that all the predictors made significant contribution to prediction. We were able to establish the importance of predictors in determining patenting behavior. We found designation as the most important predictor among those included in our study. Other things being equal, the odds of a Professor or an Associate Professor being a patentee was 5.6 times more than those of an Assistant Professor. We found the creative personality trait “unconventional” as the second most important predictor. The odds of faculty who describe themselves as “unconventional”, being a patentee was 4.5 times more than those who do not describe themselves as unconventional. The third important predictor was prior industrial experience (odds ratio: 1.9), the fourth and the fifth being situational awareness of support for patenting (odds ratio: 1.3) and attitudes towards patenting (odds ratio: 1.2), respectively. Thus to conclude, we found that both demographic and behavioral factors influence the patenting behavior. Our revised model of academic patenting indicates that two types of advantages have positive influence on academic patenting behavior at the individual level. We named them as experience advantage and psychological advantage. Experience advantage is gained as a result of increased academic experience and increased industrial experience. The psychological advantage results when an academic inventor, as an individual is “unconventional”, has positive attitude towards patenting and is aware about support available for patenting to a large extent. Based on our research, we suggest intellectual property management practices and talent management practices that are likely to increase the patenting behavior of academic inventors. Attitude towards patenting can be improved by making patenting experience more positive and by providing more assistance for patenting through the Intellectual Property Cell / Technology Transfer Office. Increasing awareness of support for patenting can be promoted by making available information on government funding agencies and industrial partners who would support in patent filing and in commercializing patents. Such information not only prevents the pile up of unutilized academic patents but also encourages the faculty to continue to engage in patenting behavior. Academic patenting behavior can also be facilitated through promoting organizational culture that encourages their members to be “unconventional”. The limitations of the study and suggested future research are also described in the thesis.