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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Jones Godinho.pdf: 5535166 bytes, checksum: 413eeb7d0035d0f96e7614c5fe8f8b19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-28 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / "Methodological approaches that favor the construction of the student's intellectual autonomy: working with simulation of the United Nations in school" brings the analysis of an experiment on active methodologies, specifically with a United Nations simulation model (UN), developed in the context school with high school students in a private school in the city of Manaus/AM. Therefore, discusses about the teacher's role in shaping the student, the challenges of teaching, combining professional autonomy with intellectual autonomy, a move that highlights the teacher's possibilities of action with regard to planning their lessons, to bureaucratic tasks required, as well as the loss of autonomy in major decisions from the perspective of school organization and curriculum, and the implications arising therefrom to the quality of their work and, in particular, to student learning. Therefore, argues methodological approaches that favor the construction of the student's intellectual autonomy, through active methods of teaching and learning, in particular, work with educational projects guided by the problem-based learning and case study, and, as an example, the simulation UN. Besides questioning the obstacles and difficulties encountered in school about the teaching and learning process, points to what is substantive in teaching, inviting teachers not to be a mere executor function of tasks, but the architect of teaching process learning. In addition to literature review on the methodological approaches that favor the construction of autonomy of students, from a ethnomethod, it conducted a case study, involving monitoring and participant observation of the UN simulation activity, interviews with students and teachers, and the analysis of documents produced by the students. However, we identify with our work, the routinization and the consequent bureaucratisation of teaching become barriers to more effective teaching practices, and it makes hard the construction of student autonomy and teacher himself. However, despite this situation, it was noted that the use of active methods of teaching and learning in school, brought, students, more dynamism and enthusiasm, dialogue, cooperation and responsibility towards the construction of knowledge, and stimulate student to look/walk on their own, in an autonomous exercise, contributing to the understanding of the construction of autonomy, uniting intellectual training to the process of continuous appropriation of knowledge and practices. / "Abordagens metodológicas que favorecem a construção da autonomia intelectual do estudante: o trabalho com simulação das Nações Unidas na escola” traz a análise de uma experiência com metodologias ativas, mais especificamente com um modelo de simulação das Nações Unidas (ONU), desenvolvido no contexto escolar com alunos do Ensino Médio, em uma escola particular na cidade de Manaus/AM. Neste sentido, aborda sobre o papel do professor na formação do estudante, frente aos desafios da docência, articulando autonomia profissional com autonomia intelectual, num movimento que põe em relevo as possibilidades de atuação do professor no tocante ao planejamento de suas aulas, às tarefas burocráticas exigidas, bem como à perda de autonomia nas grandes decisões do ponto de vista da organização escolar e do currículo, e as implicações daí decorrentes à qualidade de seu trabalho e, de modo especial, à aprendizagem do aluno. Discute, pois, as abordagens metodológicas que favorecem a construção da autonomia intelectual do estudante, por meio de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem, em especial, o trabalho com projetos de ensino pautados na aprendizagem baseada em problemas e no estudo de caso, tendo, como exemplo, a simulação das Nações Unidas. Além de questionar os entraves e as dificuldades encontradas na escola sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizado, aponta para o que há de substantivo no trabalho docente, convidando o professor a desinstalar-se da função de mero executor de tarefas à artífice do processo ensino/aprendizagem. Além de análise bibliográfica sobre as abordagens metodológicas que favorecem a construção da autonomia dos alunos, partindo de um etnométodo, foi realizado um estudo de caso, envolvendo o acompanhamento e a observação participante da atividade de simulação da ONU, entrevistas com alunos e professores, e a análise de documentos produzidos pelos estudantes. Nesse sentido, identificamos com nosso trabalho que, a rotinização e a consequente burocratização do trabalho docente tornam-se entraves a práticas pedagógicas mais eficazes, além de dificultar a construção da autonomia do estudante e do próprio professor. No entanto, mesmo diante deste quadro, percebeu-se que a utilização de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem na escola, trouxe, aos alunos, mais dinamismo e entusiasmo, diálogo, cooperação e responsabilidade frente à construção do seu conhecimento, além de estimular o estudante a buscar/andar por conta própria, num exercício autônomo, contribuindo para a compreensão sobre a construção da autonomia, unindo formação intelectual ao processo de apropriação contínua de saberes e práticas.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to apply virtue epistemology in the specific context of educational practice and theory. With its focus on intellectual character traits, such as inquisitiveness, open-mindedness and intellectual autonomy, I explore the nature of intellectual virtues, its relationship with emotions, the reasons to treat them as an aim of education, the criteria for the selection of relevant intellectual virtues in school environments and some didactic strategies to cultivate them in the school community. Chapter 1 approaches the nature of intellectual virtues, where I argue that an intellectually virtuous person is characteristically a person that possesses a valuable intellectual condition, a critical and well-informed assessment of her own intellectual condition and for being responsible for the stability and improvement of her own intellectual condition. In this chapter, I also present and explore two kinds of relations between intellectual virtues and emotions. In chapter 2, I develop three arguments in favor of the idea that we should take intellectual virtues as an aim of education. Some objections about the desirability of this idea are raised and answered. Next, I articulate five criteria for the selection of relevant intellectual virtues in school environments. Chapter 3 is dedicated to the elaboration of general strategies for the teaching of intellectual virtues. Some specific intellectual virtues are selected to show how these general strategies would look like in practice. The selection of such virtues follows one or another criterion of selection stipulated in the previous chapter. / Este trabalho é uma tentativa de aplicar a epistemologia das virtudes no contexto específico da prática e teoria educacional. Com o foco em traços de caráter intelectual, tais como inquisitividade, mentalidade arejada e autonomia intelectual, eu exploro a natureza das virtudes intelectuais, suas relações com as emoções, as razões para tratá-las como um fim da educação, os critérios para a seleção de virtudes intelectuais relevantes em ambientes escolares e algumas estratégias didáticas para cultivá-las na comunidade escolar. O capítulo 1 aborda a natureza das virtudes intelectuais, onde se argumenta que uma pessoa intelectualmente virtuosa se caracteriza por ser possuidora de uma condição intelectual celebrável, de uma avaliação crítica e bem-informada sobre sua própria condição intelectual e por ser responsável pela estabilidade e aperfeiçoamento de sua própria condição intelectual. Ainda neste capítulo, apresento e exploro duas relações que as virtudes intelectuais e as emoções estabelecem entre si. No capítulo 2 eu desenvolvo três argumentos favoráveis à ideia de que as virtudes intelectuais devem ser tomadas como um fim da educação. Algumas objeções quanto à desejabilidade desta ideia são apresentadas e respondidas. Em seguida, passo à articulação de critérios para a seleção de virtudes intelectuais relevantes em ambientes escolares. O capítulo 3 se dedica à elaboração de estratégias gerais para o ensino de virtudes intelectuais. Algumas virtudes intelectuais específicas são selecionadas para exemplificarmos como seria uma educação voltada às virtudes intelectuais na prática. A seleção de tais virtudes é feita com respeito a um ou outro critério de seleção estipulado no capítulo anterior.

Mathematics anxiety is a personal characteristic which is widespread and continuing. It has a debilitating effect on mathematics performance and contributes to perceptions and attitudes that perpetuate a dislike for mathematics and a lack of confidence when dealing with mathematical problems. An investigation of relevant literature on mathematics anxiety identifies sources and symptoms and emphasises a need for a comprehensive approach to remediation. The historical development of an appropriate measuring instrument is documented and statistical evidence is used to create a mathematics anxiety rating scale suitable for measuring anxiety levels of secondary school pupils and student teachers. The extensive literature interest, research publications and remedial programmes emphasise the problem of mathematics anxiety and thus the need for a comprehensive approach to remediation. Mathematics teaching and curriculum design is expounded to provide the necessary direction to the alleviation of mathematics anxiety. General perspectives on curriculum design are discussed and a cyclical systems approach is recommended. Elements of this approach are detailed and are linked to important personal characteristics to add a humanistic and socio-cultural view of curriculum design in mathematics. The didactic viability of constructivism as an approach to mathematics curriculum design is investigated. Constructivism embodies a philosophy and a methodology which addresses the critical aspects influencing mathematics anxiety. Classroom topics and activities are reviewed in terms of a constructivist approach and the sources of mathematics anxiety are discussed from a constructivist perspective. A longitudinal case study of pupils during their five years at secondary school as well as a study involving student teachers was undertaken. Mathematics performance, perceptions, attitudes and levels of anxiety were investigated by means of tests, questionnaires, and mathematics anxiety rating scales. The statistical results of this research provide evidence to support a comprehensive approach to the remediation of mathematics anxiety. Constructivism is seen as the synthesis of critical aspects of teaching and curriculum development which will stem the perpetuation of mathematics anxiety. Constructivism provides the didactic approach to develop each individual's intellectual autonomy and mathematics power, by instilling a problem solving attitude and a self-confidence when doing mathematics. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)

Mathematics anxiety is a personal characteristic which is widespread and continuing. It has a debilitating effect on mathematics performance and contributes to perceptions and attitudes that perpetuate a dislike for mathematics and a lack of confidence when dealing with mathematical problems. An investigation of relevant literature on mathematics anxiety identifies sources and symptoms and emphasises a need for a comprehensive approach to remediation. The historical development of an appropriate measuring instrument is documented and statistical evidence is used to create a mathematics anxiety rating scale suitable for measuring anxiety levels of secondary school pupils and student teachers. The extensive literature interest, research publications and remedial programmes emphasise the problem of mathematics anxiety and thus the need for a comprehensive approach to remediation. Mathematics teaching and curriculum design is expounded to provide the necessary direction to the alleviation of mathematics anxiety. General perspectives on curriculum design are discussed and a cyclical systems approach is recommended. Elements of this approach are detailed and are linked to important personal characteristics to add a humanistic and socio-cultural view of curriculum design in mathematics. The didactic viability of constructivism as an approach to mathematics curriculum design is investigated. Constructivism embodies a philosophy and a methodology which addresses the critical aspects influencing mathematics anxiety. Classroom topics and activities are reviewed in terms of a constructivist approach and the sources of mathematics anxiety are discussed from a constructivist perspective. A longitudinal case study of pupils during their five years at secondary school as well as a study involving student teachers was undertaken. Mathematics performance, perceptions, attitudes and levels of anxiety were investigated by means of tests, questionnaires, and mathematics anxiety rating scales. The statistical results of this research provide evidence to support a comprehensive approach to the remediation of mathematics anxiety. Constructivism is seen as the synthesis of critical aspects of teaching and curriculum development which will stem the perpetuation of mathematics anxiety. Constructivism provides the didactic approach to develop each individual's intellectual autonomy and mathematics power, by instilling a problem solving attitude and a self-confidence when doing mathematics. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)