<p>When more than one user uses a system with a single input device, the person in charge of the control is often active, and the by-sitters become passive. This situation can lead to frustration and boredom among the by-sitters. One way to solve this problem could be to distribute the con-trol over the system so that more than one user can control the system simultaneously. These systems, where many users can work simultane-ously with separate input devices connected to the same, shared screen, are called Single Display Groupwares. In this report, a single display groupware prototype for surfing news co-operatively was developed. The purpose of the prototype was to find out if the use of SDGs is likely to be a successful way to engage by-sitters and support co-operation while surfing news through a media terminal. The system was tested on pairs of users. The subjects of thestudy were observed while using the system, and a number of patterns in the users’ strategies in dealing with the si-multaneous input situation emerged. The main conclusions that were drawn from the study were that multiple input can be a good solution when the system is so complex that the use can be divided into several parallel sub-activities. When the use of the system can’t be split into parallel sub-activities, the users will only hinder each other, and the ex-tra input device will just make the division of control unclear without giving any benefit.</p>

When more than one user uses a system with a single input device, the person in charge of the control is often active, and the by-sitters become passive. This situation can lead to frustration and boredom among the by-sitters. One way to solve this problem could be to distribute the con-trol over the system so that more than one user can control the system simultaneously. These systems, where many users can work simultane-ously with separate input devices connected to the same, shared screen, are called Single Display Groupwares. In this report, a single display groupware prototype for surfing news co-operatively was developed. The purpose of the prototype was to find out if the use of SDGs is likely to be a successful way to engage by-sitters and support co-operation while surfing news through a media terminal. The system was tested on pairs of users. The subjects of thestudy were observed while using the system, and a number of patterns in the users’ strategies in dealing with the si-multaneous input situation emerged. The main conclusions that were drawn from the study were that multiple input can be a good solution when the system is so complex that the use can be divided into several parallel sub-activities. When the use of the system can’t be split into parallel sub-activities, the users will only hinder each other, and the ex-tra input device will just make the division of control unclear without giving any benefit.

O Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital (SBTVD), adotado como padrão de TV Digital no Brasil, traz consigo a alta resolução de imagens, mais canais, a transmissão para receptores móveis e a promessa de interatividade. Concomitantemente à sua implantação, vemos o crescimento da base de usuários do serviço móvel pessoal, assim como um aumento substancial dos usuários de redes sociais e da internet acessando mídias como TV, música, publicações e conteúdo gerado por usuários. As mídias digitais interativas criaram uma demanda pelo design de interfaces facilitadoras da interação entre máquinas, usuários e o acesso, busca e distribuição de conteúdo midiático. Designers gráficos antes dedicados a mídias específicas como a TV, cinema e publicações impressas têm migrado para plataformas digitais, contribuindo para o design de mundos virtuais e a interação homem-computador. Com a convergência da TV Digital com outras mídias, designers de interfaces devem considerar a ubiquidade de dispositivos móveis inteligentes presentes no mesmo ambiente da TV, criando assim uma experiência em que os usuários podem interagir com múltiplas telas e plataformas. É cada vez mais comum celulares e outros aparelhos portáteis estarem conectados à internet, e que podem servir como canal de retorno e tela secundária, expandindo a interface do usuário e facilitando a interação com a TV. Diversos motivos como a ausência de um canal de retorno e a disponibilidade limitada do middleware Ginga em conversores e receptores de TV Digital têm atrasado o lançamento de serviços interativos para o SBTVD. Ao transferir o paradigma da interatividade de um modelo de distribuição vertical para um ambiente conectado, no qual usuários e telespectadores podem compartilhar sua experiência em múltiplas telas e dispositivos, é possível conceber uma nova forma de interação com a TV Digital. Esta tese pesquisa avanços no design de interfaces, tecnologia da TV Digital e novas mídias de modo a subsidiar o design de experiência do usuário da TV Digital. Partindo do conteúdo audiovisual e digital da Copa do Mundo de 2010, propõe-se o design de uma interface que integra um smartphone com um receptor de TV Digital como síntese de um modelo de interação com a TV para a Copa de 2014. / While Brazil has adopted SBTVD as its Digital Television standard, providing higher resolution, multiple channel feeds, mobile television and the promise of interactivity, there has been an explosive growth of the cell phone user base, as well as a dramatic increase in the usage of social networks and services on the internet that provide access to digital media such as TV, music, publishing and user generated content. The emergence of digital media has created a demand for the design of humancomputer interfaces allowing the interaction between users, searching, publishing and retrieving media content. Graphic designers once working on specific medias such as print, film and television have migrated to digital platforms becoming more and more involved in the design of virtual worlds and human computer interaction. As Digital TV converges with other media, user interface designers should consider the ubiquity of digital devices in the same room as an HDTV receiver, creating an experience where users can fluidly interact with multiple platforms and screens. Increasingly smartphones and other devices are connected to the internet, thus providing both a data return path and a secondary display that can extend the user interface enhancing the interaction with the TV. For several reasons, such as the lack of a return path and limited availability of Ginga middleware in converter boxes and digital sets, the launch of Interactive TV services has had a slow start in Brazil. By shifting the paradigm of interactivity from a vertical distribution model to a connected environment where users and viewers can share their experiences using multiple screens and devices, it is possible to design a new way to experience and interact with Digital TV. This thesis researches developments in interface design, digital TV technology and new media in order to subsidize the design of an interactive TV user experience. Drawing on audiovisual media and interactive content of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the design of a user interface that integrates a smartphone with a DTV Receiver proposes a DTV interaction model for the 2014 World Cup.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:11:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlmirAntonioRosa.pdf: 4960651 bytes, checksum: 385eb7066907a9e716993439ed01ed88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-10-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The prime objective of this work is related to the analysis of the settlemet of Brazilian System for Digital TV, and aspects of television production for interactive one. In terms of methodology, this paper presents a practical work on the elaboration of interactive TV program model (presented in the end of this thesis). In my understanding, the shift of the conventional analogic television to the digital television, despite of a clear and evident shift of technical display, and the introduction of terrestrial digital television are produced focusing rather on models and systems than technological standards. In relation to a practical content, it is suggested a model for digital TV interactive program, in which a new language in terms of production will be tested. The bibliographic references are strongly based on government documents, articles about international techonogical standards (Japanese ISDB-T, European DVB-T e American ATSC), and material from congresses and lectures. Moreover, important theoretical references as Arlindo Machado, Raymond Williams, Iuri Lotman e Thomas Sebeok are constantly cited. In sum, I claim that the survey for technological shift and the studies of digital television, in Brazil and other countries, and the process for TV program model creation lead to the understanding of aspects that influence on the human subjectivity production from television media. / Análise da implantação do Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital (SBTVD) e de aspectos da produção televisiva para a televisão interativa, a partir de inserção do pesquisador dentro do processo em curso no Brasil. Esta tese propõe o trabalho prático na elaboração de programa-piloto e programa de referência de interatividade, que será apresentado ao final da pesquisa. Em relação à implantação do SBTVD, defendo que ao migrar da televisão analógica convencional para a televisão digital, não obstante a mudança clara e evidente dos aparatos técnicos. a introdução da televisão digital terrestre se faz baseada mais em modelos de televisão e sistemas que em padrões tecnológicos. Em relação à prática de conteúdo, proponho experimentar possível modelo de referência de piloto de programa para televisão digital interativa, em que deverá ser testada nova linguagem de produção. A referência bibliográfica é fortemente baseada em documentos de governo, artigos sobre padrões tecnológicos internacionais (ISDB-T, japonês; DVB-T, europeu e ATSC, americano), e materiais de congressos e palestras; além de referências acadêmicas, como Arlindo Machado, Raymond Williams, Iuri Lotman e Thomas Sebeok. Pretendo que o levantamento das mudanças tecnológicas e de estudos da televisão digital, tanto do Brasil quanto de outros países, e o processo de realização de programa-piloto levem a que se entendam os aspectos que exercem influências sobre a produção da subjetividade do ser humano atual a partir da mídia televisão.

This is an exploratory study conducted to assess the way in which social media could enhance the experience for audiences of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) television drama. This study focused on Facebook and Twitter since they are two of the top five social media networks that are popular in the country and which have the potential to offer television more mileage in terms of communicating with its audience and extending its reach. The guiding theory for this study was uses and gratifications theory. This theory was employed to assist in assessing the opportunities that exist for SABC television drama, as well as to assess the ways in which the audience believe social media could be helpful in interacting with SABC television drama. The results for this study are interesting in that the majority of respondents believed that having a hashtag on screen during a drama broadcast would help to increase interactivity with the programme, as it could help direct audiences to the correct interactive space for that programme and they would be able to share their ideas and comments on the drama directly with the producers, making feedback immediate. It was interesting to note that the respondents believed that they could interact with SABC television drama for information relating to the story. The findings suggest that SABC television drama needs to actively adopt social media in its programmes for maximum interaction. There is also the need for an understanding of how they Facebook and Twitter could be embedded in SABC drama. / Communication Science / M.A. (Communication Science)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:06:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4998.pdf: 1357751 bytes, checksum: d370f0d3802dc9fc019fc57a6dc5ab16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-12 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The evolution of television systems, analog to digital, provides a wide range of new services possibility of data transmission from the high quality audio and video. With the aggregation of data transmission of television programs, systems arise Interactive Digital TV allows you to embed interactive content resulting in a new way to produce and transmit television programs. This paper presents an architecture of an Interactive Service Provider named Interactive Service Provider for Digital Television Systems - ispTV - to interactive digital television systems, based on a service-oriented architecture that enables the publication and delivery of services in different technologies such as JAX-WS, Axis2 and ispTV services, with the inclusion of an abstract layer of communication in order to simplify the development of interactive programs with a standardized communication APIs provided by the architecture. The Brazilian Digital Television System is to provide an objective of social, cultural and technological inclusion through broadcasting educational, government and commercial television applications for the television user programs. In this context, this paper presents some interactive applications with educational support to viewers with special needs using the proposed architecture. The applications presented demonstrate the usability aspects of the architecture along ispTV to test usability of the APIs of abstraction that the architecture offers. Also presented are performance testing and scalability of the architecture, showing that its operation allows its use for the transmission of interactive applications for various classes of projects, institutions and companies. / A evolução dos sistemas de televisão, de analógicos para digitais, proporciona uma nova e vasta gama de serviços diante da possibilidade de transmissão de dados junto à alta qualidade de áudio e vídeo. Com a agregação de dados a transmissão dos programas televisivos, surgem os sistemas de TV Digital Interativa permitindo a inclusão de conteúdos interativos implicando em um novo modo de produzir e transmitir os programas televisivos. Este trabalho apresenta uma Arquitetura de um Provedor de Serviços Interativos, nomeada Interactive Service Provider for Digital Television Systems ispTV para sistemas de televisão digital interativa, baseado em uma Arquitetura Orientada a Serviços que possibilita a publicação e oferecimento de serviços em diferentes tecnologias, tais como JAX-WS, Axis2 e serviços ispTV, com a inclusão de uma camada abstrata de comunicação com o intuito de simplificar o desenvolvimento de programas interativos junto a uma comunicação padronizada oferecida por APIs da arquitetura. O Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital tem como um dos objetivos proporcionar a inclusão social, cultural e tecnológica através da televisão transmitindo aplicações educacionais, governamentais e comerciais para a interação do usuário com os programas televisivos. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta algumas aplicações interativas, educacionais e de suporte aos telespectadores com necessidades especiais, utilizando a arquitetura proposta. As aplicações apresentadas, evidenciam aspectos de usabilidade da arquitetura ispTV junto aos teste de usabilidade das APIs de abstração que a arquitetura oferece. Também são apresentados testes de desempenho e de escalabilidade da arquitetura, evidenciando que o seu funcionamento possibilita sua utilização para a transmissão de aplicações interativas para diversas classes de projetos, instituições e empresas.