O processo de internacionalização das universidades brasileiras, em um contexto mundial no qual se multiplicam as interfaces de contato linguístico e, consequentemente, cultural entre os sujeitos, traz como consequência, entre outras, a reflexão sobre a formação de um repertório plurilíngue e o desenvolvimento da competência plurilíngue e pluricultural do estudante nos níveis anteriores de escolarização, antes do ingresso na universidade, e os modos pelos quais isto pode ser alcançado. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar o desenvolvimento da competência de leitura plurilíngue em estudantes de Ensino Médio de uma escola técnica pública do Estado de São Paulo que realizaram um curso de leitura plurilíngue de textos autênticos, segundo a abordagem de ensino de línguas própria à didática do plurilinguismo, a Intercompreensão entre línguas aparentadas. A proposição autoral do curso Leitura Pluriligue que implicou na definição de objetivos, concepção da progressão, do material didático e dos instrumentos de avaliação deve-se à falta de material e de práticas educativas em Intercompreensão voltadas a este público. A implicação da pesquisadora na práxis, em todas as etapas do curso, determinou que a pesquisa fosse caracterizada como pesquisa-ação. O quadro teórico geral, que serviu de diretriz para a elaboração do curso e para a análise dos dados, baseou-se nos conceitos e pressupostos da didática do plurilinguismo (BEACCO, 2005; 2007; CANDELIER, 2007; GAJO, 2009), entendida como meio de promover a educação plurilíngue. Além disso, recorremos aos pressupostos das abordagens plurais de línguas, principalmente aos da Intercompreensão (BLANCHE-BENVENISTE e VALLI, 1997; DABÈNE, 1996; MEISSNER e al., 2004, DEGACHE, 2006; CASTELLOTTI, 2008; ESCUDÉ e JANIN, 2010). E, por abordarmos a questão do desenvolvimento de uma competência plurilíngue pelo viés da recepção de textos escritos, observamos as teorias sobre leitura e leitura em língua estrangeira (JOUVE, 1993; MALHEIROS POULET e al., 1994; PIETRARÓIA, 1997, 2011; COSTE, 2002; KLEIMAN, 2008,2009; GIASSON, 2008). Nosso corpus de pesquisa é constituído por dados sócio-linguísticos dos participantes, que foram coletados por meio de fichas diagnósticas, e pelas produções dos estudantes, que incluem atividades em sala de aula e o questionário de autoavaliação. Os resultados mostraram a relação dos aprendentes com a aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras e com a própria L1 e como eles se apropriaram das estratégias próprias à Intercompreensão na leitura e compreensão de textos em línguas estrangeiras aparentadas. / Within a worldwide context in which linguistic and consequently cultural contact interfaces multiply between social actors, the process of Brazilian Universities Internationalization brings as a result among others the reflexion about Plurilingual fund and Pluricultural and Plurilingual competency development of students at pre-schoolar level and before college admission, also the means by which can be accomplished. Elementary students at a Technical Public School in São Paulo State carried out a Plurilingual course on authentic scripts basis according to language tuition approach proper to Plurilingual preceptive, say, Intercomprehension between allied languages, thus the aim for this essay is to look students over competency development on Plurilingual reading. The authorial assertion Plurilingual Reading which implied on targets definition, advancing conception from preceptive material and assessment instruments due to the shortage of educational practices and material about intercomprehension headed to this sort of public. The distinct examiner involvement at every course stage imposed an action-research characteristic to this research. The general theoretical frame which was used as directive for the course work out and data analyses, was based on concepts and Plurilingual preceptive quotes (BEACCO, 2005,2007; CANDELIER, 2007; GAJO, 2009) known as a mean of Plurilingual education promotion. Additionally we made use of approach quotes at language plural, mainly those from Intercomprehension (BLANCHE-BENVENISTE e VALLI, 1997; DABÈNE, 1996; MEISSNER e al., 2004, DEGACHE, 2006; CASTELLOTTI, 2008; ESCUDÉ e JANIN, 2010). We were able to observe foreign language reading theory by approaching the matter of plurilingual competency development through the bias of written texts (JOUVE, 1993; MALHEIROS POULET e al., 1994; PIETRARÓIA, 1997, 2011; COSTE, 2002; KLEIMAN, 2008,2009; GIASSON, 2008). Our examiner corpus is formed by sociolinguistic data from participants which were collected from diagnostic sheets and also from learners output which include classroom activities and self-assessment queries. The outcome showed learners connection to foreign language apprenticeship as well as their own tongue and how they came up with own strategies for reading intercomprehension and foreign language texts.

O processo de internacionalização das universidades brasileiras, em um contexto mundial no qual se multiplicam as interfaces de contato linguístico e, consequentemente, cultural entre os sujeitos, traz como consequência, entre outras, a reflexão sobre a formação de um repertório plurilíngue e o desenvolvimento da competência plurilíngue e pluricultural do estudante nos níveis anteriores de escolarização, antes do ingresso na universidade, e os modos pelos quais isto pode ser alcançado. Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar o desenvolvimento da competência de leitura plurilíngue em estudantes de Ensino Médio de uma escola técnica pública do Estado de São Paulo que realizaram um curso de leitura plurilíngue de textos autênticos, segundo a abordagem de ensino de línguas própria à didática do plurilinguismo, a Intercompreensão entre línguas aparentadas. A proposição autoral do curso Leitura Pluriligue que implicou na definição de objetivos, concepção da progressão, do material didático e dos instrumentos de avaliação deve-se à falta de material e de práticas educativas em Intercompreensão voltadas a este público. A implicação da pesquisadora na práxis, em todas as etapas do curso, determinou que a pesquisa fosse caracterizada como pesquisa-ação. O quadro teórico geral, que serviu de diretriz para a elaboração do curso e para a análise dos dados, baseou-se nos conceitos e pressupostos da didática do plurilinguismo (BEACCO, 2005; 2007; CANDELIER, 2007; GAJO, 2009), entendida como meio de promover a educação plurilíngue. Além disso, recorremos aos pressupostos das abordagens plurais de línguas, principalmente aos da Intercompreensão (BLANCHE-BENVENISTE e VALLI, 1997; DABÈNE, 1996; MEISSNER e al., 2004, DEGACHE, 2006; CASTELLOTTI, 2008; ESCUDÉ e JANIN, 2010). E, por abordarmos a questão do desenvolvimento de uma competência plurilíngue pelo viés da recepção de textos escritos, observamos as teorias sobre leitura e leitura em língua estrangeira (JOUVE, 1993; MALHEIROS POULET e al., 1994; PIETRARÓIA, 1997, 2011; COSTE, 2002; KLEIMAN, 2008,2009; GIASSON, 2008). Nosso corpus de pesquisa é constituído por dados sócio-linguísticos dos participantes, que foram coletados por meio de fichas diagnósticas, e pelas produções dos estudantes, que incluem atividades em sala de aula e o questionário de autoavaliação. Os resultados mostraram a relação dos aprendentes com a aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras e com a própria L1 e como eles se apropriaram das estratégias próprias à Intercompreensão na leitura e compreensão de textos em línguas estrangeiras aparentadas. / Within a worldwide context in which linguistic and consequently cultural contact interfaces multiply between social actors, the process of Brazilian Universities Internationalization brings as a result among others the reflexion about Plurilingual fund and Pluricultural and Plurilingual competency development of students at pre-schoolar level and before college admission, also the means by which can be accomplished. Elementary students at a Technical Public School in São Paulo State carried out a Plurilingual course on authentic scripts basis according to language tuition approach proper to Plurilingual preceptive, say, Intercomprehension between allied languages, thus the aim for this essay is to look students over competency development on Plurilingual reading. The authorial assertion Plurilingual Reading which implied on targets definition, advancing conception from preceptive material and assessment instruments due to the shortage of educational practices and material about intercomprehension headed to this sort of public. The distinct examiner involvement at every course stage imposed an action-research characteristic to this research. The general theoretical frame which was used as directive for the course work out and data analyses, was based on concepts and Plurilingual preceptive quotes (BEACCO, 2005,2007; CANDELIER, 2007; GAJO, 2009) known as a mean of Plurilingual education promotion. Additionally we made use of approach quotes at language plural, mainly those from Intercomprehension (BLANCHE-BENVENISTE e VALLI, 1997; DABÈNE, 1996; MEISSNER e al., 2004, DEGACHE, 2006; CASTELLOTTI, 2008; ESCUDÉ e JANIN, 2010). We were able to observe foreign language reading theory by approaching the matter of plurilingual competency development through the bias of written texts (JOUVE, 1993; MALHEIROS POULET e al., 1994; PIETRARÓIA, 1997, 2011; COSTE, 2002; KLEIMAN, 2008,2009; GIASSON, 2008). Our examiner corpus is formed by sociolinguistic data from participants which were collected from diagnostic sheets and also from learners output which include classroom activities and self-assessment queries. The outcome showed learners connection to foreign language apprenticeship as well as their own tongue and how they came up with own strategies for reading intercomprehension and foreign language texts.

Depuis une vingtaine d'années, les chercheurs travaillent sur l'intercompréhension mais il n'y a pas à ce jour de véritable bilan de l'apport de cette nouvelle approche méthodologique sur les compétences langagières en langues étrangères des apprenants qui suivent ces formations. Cette thèse se propose d'analyser les effets d'une formation plurilingue en ligne sur l'acquisition de compétences langagières et, en particulier, en langue cible (français) pour des apprenants de lycée, de Barcelone. Pour pouvoir répondre à l'hypothèse selon laquelle la formation développerait les compétences des apprenants d'une part dans les langues de la formation mais également en français, la méthodologie adoptée a été la réalisation d'un protocole (quasi-) expérimental auprès de lycéens d'un établissement de Barcelone. Ce protocole a consisté à faire participer un groupe d'élèves à une session sur la plate-forme Galanet, de façon intégrée à leurs enseignements scolaires, ainsi qu'à la réalisation de tests pré- et post-formation. Un profil langagier a été complété par les sujets en amont de la formation. Chacun des tests présente le même type d'exercices, portant sur les mêmes compétences, et pour chacune des situations (initiale ou finale), il y a un test dont les supports sont en français et un autre dont les supports sont dans d'autres langues romanes (italien, portugais, roumain et occitan vivarois). Les compétences ciblées par les tests sont la cohérence/cohésion textuelle, la compréhension globale et fine, l'identification du degré de perception de l'interculturalité, la traduction/transposition, la segmentation et la reconnaissance/application d'un modèle discursif. Les données recueillies lors des tests ont fait l'objet d'analyses quantitatives et qualitatives, suivies de traitement statistiques quand il s'est agi d'établir, en particulier, des corrélations. En parallèle, le degré d'interactivité intercompréhensif (prenant en compte l'alternance des langues dans ce contexte bi-plurilingue) des messages de forum déposés lors de la formation plurilingue a été déterminé par le traitement semi-automatique du corpus de messages par la plate-forme Calico. C'est cette double analyse, basée sur des données concrètes expérientielles qui a permis de réaliser une étude de cas et de définir par l'étude longitudinale de leurs différents résultats si le fait de suivre de manière satisfaisante, en terme de participation, une formation en intercompréhension a une incidence positive sur l'acquisition des compétences évaluées par les tests, sur quelles compétences particulières et de quelle manière. / Investigators have been working on Intercomprehension for about twenty years. However, so far, there has not been any real assessment of the impact of this new methodological approach on the foreign language skills of students who have undergone such courses. This thesis aims to analyse the effects that a plurilingual course on line may have on the acquisition of language skills, especially the acquisition of a target language (French) by school students in Barcelona. In order to test the hypothesis that such a course may enhance students' skills both in the languages of the training course and in French, the chosen methodology implied the drafting of an (almost) experimental protocol designed for the students of a school in Barcelona. This protocol involved having a group of students participate in one of the training sessions set up on the Galanet platform, integrating it to their school teachings and including the drawing-up of different tests carried out before and after the course. Moreover, each student had to describe their language profile at the beginning of the training. Each test contains the same type of exercises, focusing on the same skills, and for each situation (either initial or final), there is one test on documents written in French and another on documents (written) in other romance languages (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Occitan - from the Vivarois region-). The skills' targets are as follows: textual coherence/cohesion, global and accurate comprehension, the identification of the degree of perception of interculturality, translation/reformulation, segmentation and the identification/ implementation of a speech model. All the data collected during the tests have been subject to both quantitative and qualitative analyses, and complemented by statistic processing, especially when correlations had to be made. At the same time the semi-automatic processing of the corpus of messages that was carried out using the Calico platform helped determine the degree of intercomprehensive interactivity (taking into account the code-switching in a bi/plurilingual context) of the messages posted on the forum during the plurilingual training course. This twofold analysis, based on concrete experiential data made it possible to conduct a case study and to determine, through the longitudinal study of their different results, if undergoing a training course in intercomprehension in a satisfactory way in terms of participation has a positive influence on the acquisition of the skills assessed by the tests, on which particular skill and how.

Le travail de thèse présenté porte sur l'observation de la pratique opérationelle del'intercompréhension selon une perspective de recherche inhabituelle. En effet, si sonpotentiel en tant qu'approche plurilingue de l'enseignement des langues étrangères estdésormais largement reconnu, l'apport de l'intercompréhension en tant que stratégie demédiation dans des espaces de diversité linguistique reste fortement sous exploré. Afin derelever le défi lancé par le 7ème projet de recherche MIME – mobilité et inclusion dans uneEurope multilingue, le champ d'application de l'intercompréhension a été élargi et testé dansdes environnements multilingues spontanés, résultant de la mobilité des citoyens européensavec une attention particulière accordée aux rapports d'inclusion des individus mobiles. Enparticulier, le terrain d'essai de cette étude a été la communication des familles issues del'adoption à l'international comme exemple de communautés qui se construisent à partir dudéplacement de leur barycentre géographique, culturel et linguistique. La méthodologieutilisée dans notre recherche a été organisée selon une structure "à pyramide inversée" quipermet d'observer le phénomène en question selon deux perspectives complémentaires : laperspective émique de l'entretien semi-structurée et la perspective étique de l'observationdirecte. D'après nos résultats, dans un cadre de langues voisines et apparentées,l'intercompréhension émerge spontanément à la fois comme solution adaptative pourcontourner les défis imposés par la diversité linguistique et, ce qui est le plus important,comme espace communicatif orienté vers l'inclusion de l'enfant et de sa langue d'origine.Cette recherche montre tout l'intérêt d'élargir l'observation des applications del'intercompréhension dans l'expérience complexe et évolutive de la mobilité et de favoriser samise en oeuvre des locuteurs au moyen d'une formation ciblée aux contextes pluriels. / The study on which the following thesis is based focuses on discussing intercomprehensionfrom an unusual research perspective. Indeed, while its potential as a multilingual approach toforeign language teaching is now widely recognized, the value of intercomprehension as amediation strategy in contexts of linguistic diversity remains largely under-explored. In orderto meet the challenge of the 7th research project MIME - Mobility and inclusion inmultilingual Europe, the scope of intercomprehension has been broadened and tested inspontaneous multilingual environments, that were shaped by the mobility of Europeancitizens, with particular focus on mechanisms of inclusion for mobile individuals. Inparticular, the test case of this study has been the communication of international adoptivefamilies, which are examples of communities that are built on the reorganization ofgeographical, cultural and linguistic references. The methodology used in our research wasorganized according to an "inverted pyramid" structure that makes it possible to observe thephenomenon in question according to two complementary perspectives: the emic perspectiveof the semi-structured interview and the etic perspective of direct observation. According toour results, in a framework of mutually intelligible languages, intercomprehension emergesspontaneously both as an adaptive solution to overcome the challenges imposed by linguisticdiversity and, more importantly, as a communicative space oriented greatly towards theinclusion of the child and his or her original language. This research shows the value ofexpanding research into the applications of intercomprehension in the complex and evolvingexperience of mobility and of promoting its informed implementation among speakersthrough targeted training in plural contexts.

La ricerca nasce con l’obiettivo di approfondire, da un punto di vista teorico e operativo, il tema della scoperta della diversità linguistica attraverso l’approccio intercomprensivo. In ambito glottodidattico il concetto di intercomprensione tra lingue affini (d’ora in avanti, IC) si trova attualmente al centro degli approcci plurali che propongono una didattica orientata allo sviluppo della competenza plurilingue e interculturale. Lo studio si articola in quattro capitoli tra loro interrelati. Nel primo capitolo, si presenta una ricostruzione storica dei progetti chiave che, in senso al Consiglio d’Europa, hanno gettato le fondamenta dell’attuale formulazione della politica linguistico educativa comunitaria. Il secondo capitolo offre una sintesi dei documenti e degli strumenti più recenti prodotti dall’Unità delle Politiche Linguistiche del Consiglio d’Europa per la promozione del plurilinguismo. Il terzo capitolo fornisce un’introduzione al concetto di intercomprensione da più punti di vista: come oggetto dell’apprendimento, come strategia di apprendimento, come approccio didattico e come strumento di politica linguistica. Nel quarto e ultimo capitolo si dà voce alla natura, agli obiettivi, alla metodologia e ai materiali utilizzati nell’ambito della sperimentazione in IC, condotta nell’anno scolastico 2014/15 con gli alunni di due classi quinte di una scuola primaria di Varese. / The aim of the research is to investigate, from both a theoretical and a practical point of view, the discovery of linguistic diversity through intercomprehension. In the field of ​​language teaching the concept of intercomprehension between related languages is currently at the heart of pluralistic approaches which promote plurilingual education. The study is divided into four chapters. The first chapter offers an historical reconstruction of the key projects which the Council of Europe developed for the foundation of its educational language policy. The second chapter provides a summary of the most recent documents and instruments produced by the the Council of Europe's Language Policy Unit for the promotion of multilingualism. The third chapter gives an introduction to the concept of intercomprehension from several points of view: as a learning object, as a learning strategy, as a teaching approach and as a language policy instrument. The fourth and final chapter introduces to the aims, the methodology and the materials used in the research conducted during the school year 2014/15 with Year 5 pupils of a primary school in Varese.

Plurilinguismus oder „English only“? Als politische Institution, in der es nur sprachliche und kulturelle Minderheiten gibt und geben wird, folgt die Europäische Union einer plurilinguistischen Orientierung, womit ein erheblicher Bedarf an Sprach- und Kulturkenntnissen (und deren Erwerb) verbunden ist. Grosso modo umfasst die EU drei große indoeuropäische Sprachfamilien: die romanische, slawische und germanische. Innerhalb jeder dieser Sprachgruppen gibt es etymologisch bedingte Gemeinsamkeiten, die v.a. die Phonologie, Morphologie, Lexik und Syntax betreffen. Die Kenntnis dieser synchron erkennbaren gemeinsamen Elemente bzw. ihrer einzelsprachlich äquivalenten Varianten ermöglicht transferhaftes Lernen im Sinne der Interkomprehension in Sprachfamilien. Grundlage der romanischen Interkomprehension ist das „Vulgärlatein“, dessen Spezifik v.a. gegenüber den heutigen Sprachen der Romania herausgestellt wird. Den lerntheoretischen Hintergrund der Interkomprehension bilden die Interlanguage-Hypothese, die Annahme mentaler Netzwerke sowie die verschiedenen Verarbeitungsstadien des interkomprehensiven Spracherwerbs: Spontangrammatik, Mehrsprachenspeicher und didaktischer Monitor. Zudem wird die Rolle mutter- und fremdsprachlicher Transferbasen sowie die der einzelnen Transferdomänen (Form, Inhalt, Funktion, Pragmatik, Didaktik) erläutert. Schwerpunkte der vorliegenden Arbeit bilden die Motivation und die einzelnen Verarbeitungsstadien beim interkomprehensiven Lesen, wobei dem sprachlichen Vorwissen der Lesenden besondere Bedeutung zukommt. Der vorgeschlagene Leitfaden für das erschließende Lesen umfasst drei Gesamtlektüren und berücksichtigt dabei sowohl sprachsystematische als auch textlinguistische Kriterien. Zur Illustration dient ein aktueller Text in Nissart, der auch verschiedenen Probanden vorgelegt wurde. Die Analyse ergab, dass ein globales Textverständnis durch die Kenntnis einer romanischen Sprache spontan gegeben ist, dieses Globalverständnis im Einzelnen jedoch deutlich differieren kann. Am Ende der Arbeit werden mit der Darstellung der strukturellen Besonderheiten des Rumänischen die Grenzen interkomprehensiven Leseverständnisses gezeigt, aber auch der erleichterte Einstieg in die Sprachproduktion dargelegt. / Plurilinguism or “English only”? As a political institution consisting of linguistic and cultural minorities only, the European Union prefers plurilinguism creating a significant need for specific cultural and language knowledge (and acquisition). The EU is divided into three big Indoeuropean language families: the Romance, the Slavic and the German. Within each of them there are etymological based equivalences concerning e.g. phonological, morphological, lexical and syntactic characteristics. Knowing these synchronic discernible elements and their specific equivalences enables language acquisition by transfer-based learning. The basis of Romance intercomprehension is “Vulgarlatin”, whose characteristics are compared to those of the modern romance languages. The theoretical background of intercomprehension is formed by the Interlanguage-Hypothesis, concepts of mental networks and several processes of intercomprehensive language-acquisition: spontaneous grammar, multilingual memory and didactic monitor. The role of transfer-bases (mother-tongue and foreign language(s)) and of each one of the transfer-domains (form, content, function, pragmatic, didactic) is explained. The focus in this paper is on motivation and the specific steps of the intercomprehensive reading process, whereby special emphasis is placed on the reader´s previous knowledge. The suggested guide to “reading by intellectual guessing” encompasses three readings and takes into consideration not only criteria of the language-system, but also those of textual linguistics. To illustrate the whole process, a contemporary text in Nissart is analysed. This text also was analysed by several test-persons. Result: By knowing one romance language a spontaneous global comprehension of another one is possible, but there can be significant differences in the details of this global comprehension. The paper concludes by using the structural characteristics of Romanian to illustrate the limits of spontaneous intercomprehensive reading comprehension on the one hand, but the facilitation of language production on the other.

Στην εργασία αυτή, παρουσιάζεται η ανερχόμενη μέθοδος εκμάθησης Intercomprehension καθώς και η αξιοποίηση αυτής από το διαδικτυακό εκπαιδευτικό λογισμικό εκμάθησης ξένων γλωσσών ‘Intercom’. Η συγκεκριμένη εφαρμογή στηρίζεται αποκλειστικά στη μεθοδολογία αυτή, η οποία και αναπτύσσει μια μέθοδο διδασκαλίας για την προώθηση της αμοιβαίας κατανόησης, στηριζόμενη σε κοινές στρατηγικές που αξιοποιούν τις μη-γλωσσικές πτυχές της δεκτικής ικανότητας. Το λογισμικό αυτό, αποτελείται από ένα σύνολο διαδικτυακών δραστηριοτήτων αλληλεπίδρασης με σκοπό την εκμάθηση τεσσάρων γλωσσών: Γερμανικά, Πορτογαλικά, Βουλγάρικα και Ελληνικά, αξιοποιώντας παράλληλα δύο γλώσσες οδηγούς (Αγγλικά και Γαλλικά). Η πρωτοτυπία του εκπαιδευτικού αυτού λογισμικού, συνιστάται στην εξέλιξη της συγκεκριμένης μεθόδου διδασκαλίας επεκτείνοντας την και πέρα των γλωσσικών οικογενειών παράλληλα με την αξιοποίηση μη γλωσσικών πτυχών κατά την εκμάθηση μιας ξένης γλώσσας. / The purpose of this paper is to present the new learning method "Intercomprehension", as well as a web based educational software of learning foreign languages called "Intercom", which is based in this particular method. The application is exclusively based in this learning method, which also develops a teaching method for the promotion of mutual comprehension, supported in common strategies that develop the not-linguistic aspects of receptive faculty. This software is constituted by a number of web interactive activities aiming at the learning of four languages: German, Portuguese, Bulgarian and Greek, while using two guide languages (English and French). The originality of this educational software, is contested in the extension of this learning method over linguistic families while trying to develop not linguistic aspects in the procedure of learning a foreign language.

Dans le cadre du programme InterCompréhension Européenne (ICE) développé à l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, les apprenants intercompreneurs acquièrent des compétences stratégiques transdisciplinaires qui leur permettent d'accéder à la compréhension de textes dans une langue étrangère a priori inconnue. Le déchiffrement de textes communique à l'intercompreneur novice non seulement des compétences lexicales, mais aussi un premier ensemble de compétences grammaticales de base, accumulé en l'absence d'une description de la grammaire fournie par l'enseignant moniteur.Cette recherche pose la question de l'acquisition de la grammaire d'une langue étrangère proche (idéalement apparentée et voisine) par un repérage et une interprétation adéquate des marques morphosyntaxiques, à partir de l'observation d'un corpus de textes authentiques.Notre premier objectif est de démontrer qu'au terme d'un parcours de type ICE suivi avec assiduité, l'intercompreneur novice opère des substitutions semi-automatiques entre, d'une part, les marques grammaticales saillantes du roumain repérées dans les textes grâce aux effets de fréquence et/ou de transparence formelle, et les substituts qu'il estime leur correspondre en français d'autre part. Il capitalise voire acquiert ainsi un savoir grammatical pratique qui devient un facteur d'accélération de la compréhension et de l'apprentissage.Notre second objectif consiste à établir que l'émergence « naturelle » de cette grammaire pratique est tout à fait plausible et qu'elle est vraisemblablement compétitive par rapport à une grammaire proposée dans un contexte d'apprentissage-enseignement classique.Les résultats obtenus, qui sont affectés par la limitation aux phénomènes grammaticaux effectivement observés dans les textes proposés, montrent qu'une grammaire pratique du roumain appréhendé en ICE fournit aux intercompreneurs un savoir qui couvre au moins 50% du savoir conseillé par des objectifs réglementaires conçus pour le roumain comme langue étrangère. / Within the framework of the European InterComprehension program (ICE) developed at the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, learners intercomprehenders acquire transdisciplinary strategic competences that allow them to get to the comprehension of texts in an a priori unknown foreign language. The deciphering of texts communicates to the novice intercomprehender not only lexical competences but also a first set of basic grammatical competences, accumulated in the absence of a description of the grammar provided by the teacher monitor.This research deals with the question of the acquisition of the grammar of a similar (ideally related or neighbouring) foreign language, by detecting and adequate interpretation of morphosyntactic marks, based on the observation of a corpus of authentic texts.Our first objective is to demonstrate that at the end of a course of the ICE type regularly attended, the novice intercomprehender makes semi-automatic substitutions between, on one hand, the outstanding grammatical marks of Romanian detected in the texts thanks to frequency and/or formal transparency effects and the substitutes that he/she thinks to be their French equivalents on the other hand. Thus he/she capitalizes or even acquires practical knowledge which becomes a factor that accelerates comprehension and learning.Our second objective is to establish that the “natural” emergence of this practical grammar is quite plausible and that it is probably competitive in comparison with a grammar provided in a classical learning-teaching context.The results obtained, which are affected by the limitation to the grammatical phenomena actually observed in the texts suggested, show that a practical grammar of Romanian apprehended in ICE provides the intercomprehender with knowledge that covers at least 50% of the knowledge recommended by the regulation objectives for Romanian as a foreign language.

Avec notre thèse, nous voulons poser les fondements linguistiques et didactiques nécessaires à la future élaboration d’un programme ou d’une méthode en intercompréhension slave, en prenant l’exemple des langues slaves de l’ouest et du sud-ouest et en fournissant une analyse linguistique de trois langues : le tchèque, le slovène et le croate. Dans notre travail, nous cherchons principalement à fournir deux éléments : - Une série d’hypothèses linguistiques ayant pour objectif de déterminer les points à enseigner dans une méthode d’intercompréhension concernant le tchèque, le slovène et le croate ;- Une présentation de programmes et de supports en didactique de l’intercompréhension réalisés et testés dans le cadre de notre cursus.Dans notre travail, nous constatons que la didactique de l’intercompréhension slave diffère en de nombreux points avec les apprentissages classiques. Dans le cas de l’intercompréhension, de nombreux points normalement lourds et complexes à maîtriser peuvent n’être que survolés. Grâce à nos analyses, tant sur le plan linguistique que didactique, nous avons pu fournir une réflexion sur l’une des formes que pourra prendre une formation en intercompréhension slave dans le futur. Nous préconisons particulièrement l’utilisation de ressources en ligne, via, par exemple, le site www.rozrazum.eu, développé dans le cadre de cette thèse afin de tester des activités respectant la méthodologie proposée par Eurom 5 (Bonvino et al. 2001). Ce site pourra servir, dans un premier temps, de plate-forme de test et de mise au point d’approches didactiques, tout en étant fonctionnel, et donc disponible à un public d’apprenants. / With our thesis, we intend to lay out the linguistic and didactic foundations necessary for the future elaboration of a program or a method in Slavic intercomprehension by taking the example of the Western and the South-Western Slavic languages and in providing a linguistic analysis of three languages: Czech, Slovene and Croatian.In our work, we seek mainly to provide two elements:- A series of linguistic hypotheses aimed at determining the points to be taught in an intercomprehension method concerning Czech, Slovene and Croatian;- A presentation of programs and support in intercomprehension didactics realized and tested as part of our curriculum.In our work, we find that the didactics of Slavic intercomprehension differs in many ways from classical learning. In the case of intercomprehension, many points that are normally heavy and complex to master may be only passed through quickly.Thanks to our linguistical and didactical analyzes, we have been able to provide a reflection on one of the forms that Slavic intercomprehension formation can take in the future. We particularly recommend the use of online resources, for example via the website www.rozrazum.eu, developed as a part of this thesis to test activities following the methodology made for Eurom 5 (Bonvino et al., 2001). This website can initially be used as a test and development platform for didactical approaches, while being functional, and therefore available to a public of learners.

O contexto global e interconectado em que estamos inseridos favorece o contato dos sujeitos com diferentes línguas e culturas, o que, na didática das línguas, se concretizou pela reflexão sobre o Plurilinguismo e as abordagens plurais (CANDELIER; CASTELLOTTI, 2013; ALARCÃO et al., 2009b). Neste cenário, a Intercompreensão (IC), como uma dessas abordagens, valoriza as experiências linguístico-comunicativas do aprendente, as quais servem de base de transferência para a construção de novos conhecimentos em línguas aparentadas (DEGACHE; GARBARINO, 2017; MEISSNER et al., 2004). No âmbito universitário, a proposta intercompreensiva vai ao encontro da necessidade dos estudantes de ler textos acadêmicos em outras línguas, pois rentabiliza e aperfeiçoa a compreensão escrita pelo viés integrativo da lógica plurilíngue. No caso dos estudantes de Letras, mais do que atingir este objetivo de leitura, as reflexões proporcionadas pela IC são fundamentais no conjunto de sua formação como futuros profissionais das línguas e culturas, contribuindo para a diversificação de seus repertórios linguísticos e didático-pedagógicos (ANDRADE; PINHO, 2010; ARAÚJO e SÁ, 2015). Neste sentido, os objetivos desta tese são: (i) compreender e descrever o processo de formação do sujeito-aprendente em direção ao desenvolvimento de uma competência de compreensão escrita plurilíngue; (ii) caracterizar o trabalho com textos acadêmicos na perspectiva da IC; e (iii) analisar que tipos de mudanças a abordagem desencadeou nos participantes. A pesquisa se fundamenta nos estudos sobre o ensinoaprendizagem pela IC, caracterizada por privilegiar a compreensão através de estratégias (meta)cognitivas e (meta)linguísticas no trabalho simultâneo com línguas da mesma família (CADDÉO; JAMET, 2013; DE CARLO et al., 2015). Os dados foram produzidos e coletados a partir do curso Práticas de leitura em Intercompreensão: textos acadêmicos na área das Letras, ministrado na Universidade de São Paulo. Os participantes do curso, alunos de Letras de diversas habilitações, desenvolveram a IC receptiva em espanhol, francês e italiano em gêneros comuns ao meio universitário: resumo, introdução de artigo e capítulo de livro teórico. A análise qualitativa e longitudinal de orientação êmica (BLANCHET, 2000; DE SARDAN, 1998) possibilitou acompanhar as (trans)formações pluridimensionais por que passaram os aprendentes. Suas atividades e discursos demonstraram que, além de desenvolver a compreensão escrita dos textos acadêmicos nas línguas-alvo, a IC fez surgir novas atitudes e representações reveladoras do processo de construção do sujeito plurilíngue. A partir destes resultados, as contribuições da pesquisa vão em duas direções: em relação à demanda de formação para a leitura em LE, a pesquisa demonstrou a pertinência da aplicação da IC para o trabalho com os gêneros acadêmicos; já quanto ao público-alvo aqui implicado, ficou constatada a amplitude das potencialidades da IC na formação integral dos estudantes de Letras, o que confirma a legitimidade dos esforços para sua difusão e efetiva inserção curricular. / The global and interconnected context in which we live makes the contact of people with different languages and cultures more common, which has introduced the discussion of Plurilingualism in Language Didactics. In this sense, Intercomprehension (IC) is defined as a pluralistic didactic approach where the learner\'s linguistic and communicative experiences are transferred during the construction of new knowledges in related languages (DEGACHE; GARBARINO, 2017; MEISSNER et al., 2004). In the academic context, the IC contributes to the students\' need to read academic texts in other languages, as this approach improves written comprehension from the plurilingual view. For students from Degree in Languages, More than achieving this goal of reading, the reflections proposed by the IC approach are fundamental to their training as future language and culture professionals, allowing them to diversify their linguistic and didactic repertoires (ANDRADE; PINHO, 2010; ARAÚJO e SÁ, 2015). From this angle, the thesis aims are: (i) to understand and describe the learner\'s training process towards the development of plurilingual reading; (ii) to characterize the didactical work with academic texts from the IC\'s perspective; (iii) to analyze the changes caused by this method on learners. The research is based on studies in foreign languages teaching and learning by IC, an approach that favors comprehension through the mobilization of (meta)cognitive and (meta)linguistic strategies (CADDÉO ; JAMET, 2013 ; DE CARLO et al., 2015). The data was collected during the course \"Intercomprehension reading practices: academic texts of Language studies\", in the University of Sao Paulo. The participants, Language undergraduate students, practiced receptive IC with textual genres common in the academic area: abstracts, introduction of scientific articles and chapters of a theoretical book. By a qualitative and longitudinal analysis with an emic orientation, it was possible to observe the multidimensional transformations produced on learners. Their activities and speeches confirmed that, more than developing written comprehension of academic texts in the target languages, the IC has brought forth new attitudes and representations related to the training process of a plurilingual person. From these results we have two kinds of contributions: in relation to the need of reading in other languages, the research has shown the relevance of intercomprehensive work with academic texts; furthermore, regarding the target audience of this research, we noted the IC\'s potentialities range for the integral training of the Language undergraduate students, which confirms the legitimacy of the efforts towards its diffusion and effective curricular insertion.