The thesis deals with external and internal audit and is mainly focused on the benefits of both audits. The historical evolution, the definition and nature of external and internal audit are gradually introduced in the theoretical part. There are also featured the Czech and international legal regulations of both audits. The relationship between external audit and accounting is described, and then in the case of internal audit, it is the relationship between internal audit and internal control. One entire chapter is devoted to the comparison and partnership of the external and internal audit. In the practical part three companies, which are obliged to do external audit and which have also created an internal audit department, are presented. The attention is paid to the information about both audits that are published in the company annual reports. The benefits of external and internal audit are described from the perspective of the company and the users of audit results.

The South African public sector faces significant challenges that impact on its ability to deliver services to the public. There are several parties that can assist the public sector in addressing these challenges. One of these is the internal audit functions of government organisations. For internal auditing to support effectively the managements of the government organisations they serve, the internal audit function should be sufficiently capable. The questions remain as to whether South African public sector internal audit functions are sufficiently capable and how internal audit capability can be measured. The Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation published the Internal Audit Capability Model (IA-CM) in 2009. The main purpose of the model is to provide a capability self-assessment tool for public sector internal audit functions. This model could be used as a yardstick in measuring public sector internal audit capability within South Africa, should the elements and key process areas (KPAs) of the model be applicable to the South African context. This study therefore aims to determine whether the IA-CM can be applied within a South African context. The South African public sector, the role of internal auditing within the South African public sector as well as the IA-CM as a tool of measuring public sector internal audit capability were investigated. A literature review was conducted on these topics, as a foundation for the study. Specific data was obtained on each of the KPAs of the IA-CM through a case study design by selecting an appropriate South African national department and ranking the case against the KPAs of the IA-CM. The ranking was conducted based on a review of relevant documents and interviews with applicable internal audit and management staff and audit committee members of the selected case. The study concludes that 82.9% of the KPAs of the IA-CM appear to be applicable within a South African context and that, in essence, the model can be applied within a South African context. However, eight hindrances that may negatively affect the feasibility of implementing the remaining 17.1% of the KPAs or certain components of these KPA’s, have been also been identified. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Auditing / MCom / Unrestricted

Cette thèse analyse l'introduction d'une fonction d'audit interne dans l'administration centrale d'Etat, en France, suite à une réforme de juin 2011. Elle repose sur une collecte de données qualitatives, composées d'entretiens semi-directifs (n=121), d'une observation participante de 5 mois, de celle de plusieurs réunions, et d'analyse de documents. Notre thèse montre que l’introduction d’une fonction d’audit interne a été rendue possible non seulement par un contexte international et national caractérisé par le succès de l’audit, mais aussi par un ensemble antérieur de réformes, ayant eu notamment pour effet d’affaiblir la légitimité des contrôleur-e-s de l’administration.Le contenu de l’audit interne mis en oeuvre est façonné, dans un premier temps par les luttes de pouvoir au sein de l’administration, qui déclenchent la réforme, et dans un second temps, par une confrontation autour du sens à donner à la réforme, qui implique les contrôleur-e-s en charge d’introduire l’audit interne dans leurs ministères. Enfin, notre recherche montre que l’introduction de l’audit interne non seulement déstabilise l’organisation antérieure du contrôle dans l’administration, mais en outre est symptomatique d’un renouvellement de l’exercice du pouvoir étatique. / This thesis analyzes the introduction of an internal audit function in the French government administration, following a reform launched in June 2011. It is based on qualitative data collection, composed of semi-structured interviews (n=121), a five-month participant observation, the attendance of several meetings and document analysis. Our thesis shows that the introduction of an internal audit function was made possible not only by a buoyant context, characterized by the success of the audit, but also by a previous set of reforms. This set of reforms had several effects, including a weakening of the legitimacy of government controllers.Internal audit, as it is implemented in the administration, is shaped, firstly by power struggles within the administration, which triggered the reform, secondly by a confrontation of government controllers in charge of implementing the reform in their ministries. Lastly, our research shows that the introduction of internal audit not only destabilizes the previous organization of government control, but also reveals a transformation of state power.

The objective of this research is to explore how external auditors rely on the work of internal auditors in audit firms in China. This study uses a qualitative method of semi-structured data collection interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with internal auditors and external auditors working in China. On the basis of a summary of the existing literature on internal audit, external audit, the reliance of external audits on internal audit and audit quality, this paper analyses and compares the external auditor’s reliance on internal audit and conceptualizes the results of the data analysis. Nevertheless, according to interviews, at present, small and medium- sized enterprises rarely set up an internal audit department, only large companies and government departments in China set up an internal audit, because, firstly, the cost of an internal audit, secondly , the lack of professional internal audit staff and internal audit outsourcing in China is of this kind of legal form. The study showed that the qualitative analysis has provided evidence of the dependence of external audits on internal audits continue to exist in China. In addition, the study showed that Internal auditing needs to maintain independence and objectivity, while external auditing needs to ensure professionalism, independence and authenticity. To a certain extent, external audit relies on internal audit to save time and improve efficiency in order to improve audit quality in china. However, this dependence is based on the independence of the internal audit and the external audit and cannot be entirely dependent on the authenticity that will lead to the recurrence of similar Yin Guangxia incidents.

In this thesis is described the analysis performance of management system. It´s all about quality management system and environmental management system. Ti describes the course of internal audit in selected company.

The content of this thesis is a system analysis of quality management of the company Loomis Czech Republic a.s. In the thesis there is an analysis of a certain part of management quality using planned internal audit. Based on the results of executed internal audit and provided results from other internal audits, recommendations were suggested for improvement of the management quality system. At the same time there were suggested recommendations for a future recertification in consideration of release of a new norm ISO 9001.

Bakgrund Internrevisionen i svenska banker är något som ständigt har utvecklats i takt med de förändringar bankerna har genomgått under åren. Funktionen har gått från att vara relativt oprioriterad till att idag vara en viktig hörnsten i svensk bankverksamhet. Denna studie kommer därför undersöka hur internrevision skapar värde i svenska banker. Syfte Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur internrevision skapar värde i svenska banker. Metod Studien är kvalitativ och utförs genom en induktiv ansats med deduktiva inslag. Teorier berörande värdeskapande, agentteorin, risk management, intressentteorin med flera lyfts upp i den teoretiska referensramen. Empiriska data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och därefter sker en tematisk analys av detta. Resultat Studiens resultat visar att värdet som upplevs av internrevision i svenska banker är flerdimensionellt. Internrevision skapar värde genom att säkerställa en hög kvalité vad gäller implementering av regelverk och styrning. Funktionen skapar också värde genom att förebygga brister som kan leda till stora sanktioner och förluster i den operativa verksamheten, genom att skapa ett förtroende hos kunder samt genom att skapa en trygghet hos olika intressentgrupper kring att banken sköts på rätt sätt. / Introduction The internal audit in Swedish banks is something that has constantly evolved in line with the changes that the banks in Sweden has gone through during the recent years. The function has gone from being relatively non prioritised to being an important keystone in the Swedish banking sector. This study is therefore going to investigate how internal audit creates value in Swedish banks. Purpose The purpose of the study is to investigate how internal audit creates value in Swedish banks. Method The study is qualitiative and is performed through an inducitve approach with some deductive elements. Value-creation, agency theory, risk management, stakeholder’s theory and more are highlighted in the theoretical frame. The empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interiews and then we applicate a topical analysis. Results The results of the study show that the perceived value of internal audit in Swedish banks is multidimensional. Internal audit creates value by ensuring high quality in terms of implementation of laws and governance. The function also creates value by preventing faults that could lead to big sanctions and losses in the operational business, by creating customer confidence and by creating a security for different stakeholders with the fact that the bank is properly managed.

The aim of this Master's Thesis is to describe an internal audit procedure in multinational company ČEZ, a. s., on the fictional sample of internal audit. The Master's Thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on describing the basic concepts and processes of internal audit in general. The practical part deals with the internal audit process in a company which generate and sell electricity and heat. After studying company's documents related to internal audit was carried out fictitious internal audit. The main products of this audit are documents named Assignment of Audit and Final Report. Materials dealing with process of internal audit in this company are on high level and there wasn't any problem in performance of fictitious internal audit.

企業利用資訊科技進行營運可能面臨相關風險，內部稽核人員在進行稽核作業時，應瞭解及運用資訊科技，以評估及確認各種資訊科技風險及企業相關控制之有效性，並提高其工作效率與效果。因此，本研究之目的在於瞭解我國內部稽核單位進行稽核作業時，使用資訊科技的程度以及施行資訊科技稽核的情形，並探討其可能的影響因素。 本研究調查顯示，國內公司內部稽核單位執行內部稽核作業時，其使用資訊科技及進行資訊科技稽核的情形已較過往普遍。超過七成的內部稽核單位已使用廣義的電腦輔助稽核工具，協助進行內部稽核作業，並有超過九成的內部稽核單位已在其年度稽核計畫中納入資訊科技稽核。經實證結果顯示，主要影響內部稽核單位使用資訊科技的程度及是否施行資訊科技稽核之因素為公司資訊環境的複雜程度。 / Information technology (IT) provides the opportunities for business growth and development, it’s usage also faces various threats such as disruption, deception, theft, and fraud. The proliferation and complexity of IT brings many organizational risks and IT-related risks. In order to assess and manage these risks, internal auditors need to utilize information technology when performing internal audit activities and should also include IT audit in their audit plans to ensure the effectiveness of the firm’s IT controls. This study examines IT usage and the performance of IT audit by the internal audit departments of Taiwan public firms. Our empirical results show that over 70 percent of the internal audit departments use computer aided audit techniques (CAATs) when performing their internal audit activities. We also find that over 90 percent of the internal audit departments have included IT audit in their annual audit plans. In addition, The IT sophistication of a firm is significantly and positively associated with the IT usage by its internal audit department. That is, the internal auditors facing a complex IT environment tend to use more IT when performing their audit activities.

Bakgrund: Under år 2001 bröt den så kallade Enron-skandalen som innebar bokföringsaktiviteter och insiderhandel. Den interna kontrollen samt övervakning av denna funktion blev efter skandalen mer uppmärksammad. Det anses viktigt att ha någon sort granskningsfunktion för att nå ett välfungerande arbete med den interna kontrollen, vilket är internrevisionsfunktion (Internal Audit Function, IAF). Syftet med IAF har under åren förändrats. Tidigare syftade funktionen till att granska redovisningsinformation, medan det idag mer handlar om granskning kring riskhanterings-, kontroll- och styrningsprocesser. Andra händelser som Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) och finanskrisen som skedde under år 2002 samt under åren 2007-2008, medförde en ökad förståelse kring vikten av verksamhetsstyrning, riskhantering och bolagsstyrning. Syfte: Studien syftar till att förklara vilka faktorer som påverkar ett bolags val om att följa koden gällande IAF, samt dess informationsinnehåll i förklaringen till sitt val. Metod: Uppsatsen grundar sig på en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med en deduktiv forskningsansats. Det är en dokumentstudie som har genomförts där det empiriska materialet inhämtats främst från årsrapporter, men även hemsidor som Holdings och Nasdaq. Urvalet utgår från large-cap listorna från åren 2016 till 2017. Slutsats: Utifrån studiens 34 hypoteser har det hittats totalt nio stycken signifikanta samband mellan de beroende och oberoende variablerna. Det har framkommit ett större antal samband till den beroende variabeln följer, jämfört med den andra beroende variabeln informationsinnehåll. Med variabeln följer har studien hittat sju stycken samband och två stycken samband med variabeln informationsinnehåll. / Context: In 2001, a scandal involving accounting and insider trading, called Enron scandal, occured. The internal control and monitoring of this function became more noticeable after the scandal. Now, it is considered important to have some sort of audit function in order to achieve a well-functioning internal control. This function is called Internal Audit Function, IAF. Over the years, the purpose of IAF has changed. Previously, the function of reviewing accounting information was targeted, while today it is more about reviewing risk management, control and control processes. Other occurrences such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and the financial crisis that occurred in 2002, as well as in 2007-2008, led to an increased understanding of the importance of business management, risk management and corporate governance. Purpose: The aim of the study is to explaining what factors affect a company's choice to follow the code of IAF, as well as its information content in the explanation of its choice. Method: The essay is based on a quantitative cross-sectional study with a deductive research approach. It is a documentary study that has been conducted where the empirical material was obtained mainly from annual reports, but also websites such as Holdings and Nasdaq. The selection is based on the large-cap lists from 2016 to 2017. Conclusion: Based on the 34 hypotheses of the study, a total of nine significant relationships between the dependent and independent variables have been found. There has been a greater number of connections to the dependent variable following, compared to the second dependent variable information content. With the variable following, the study found seven links and two related to the variable information content.