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The Impact of Geographic Proximity and Cultural Similarities : A Qualitative Study on International Market SelectionSvensson, Lovisa, Zetterström, Victoria January 2024 (has links)
This thesis explores the complex decision-making process behind companies' first international market selection, focusing on the influence of cultural similarities and geographic proximity. By examining how these factors intersect with strategic market opportunities, the study aims to provide valuable insights into why certain markets are prioritized during international expansion. The study took on a qualitative approach, conducted through interviews with consultants in internationalization. The data was analyzed with an explorative, abductive approach, with support of the analytical model formed by the literature review. The results reveal a tendency among Swedish companies to prioritize neighboring markets as their first international expansion due to perceived cultural and geographic advantages. While the findings align with the Uppsala model of internationalization, it often leads to a superficial understanding of cultural similarities and neglects comprehensive market analysis. The findings highlight the influence of intuition, gut feeling, coincidences, and personal networks in market selection, which introduces unpredictability into the decision-making process. The study underscores the need for a balanced approach that integrates intuitive decisions with thorough market analysis to avoid missed opportunities and unexpected challenges.
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Theoretical justification of sampling choices in international marketing research: Key issues and guidelines for researchers.Reynolds, Nina L., Diamantopoulos, A., Simintiras, A. January 2003 (has links)
No / Sampling in the international environment needs to satisfy the same requirements as sampling in the domestic environment, but there are additional issues to consider, such as the need to balance within-country representativeness with cross-national comparability. However, most international marketing research studies fail to provide theoretical justification for their choice of sampling approach. This is because research design theory and sampling theory have not been well integrated in the context of international research. This paper seeks to fill the gap by developing a framework for determining a sampling approach in international studies. The framework is based on an assessment of the way in which sampling affects the validity of research results, and shows how different research objectives impact upon (a) the desired sampling method and (b) the desired sample characteristics. The aim is to provide researchers with operational guidance in choosing a sampling approach that is theoretically appropriate to their particular research aims.
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Social media interaction, the university brand and recruitment performanceRutter, R., Roper, Stuart, Lettice, F. 12 1900 (has links)
Yes / Commentators and academics now refer to Higher Education (HE) as a market and the language of the market frames and describes the sector. Considerable competition for students exists and the marketplace is global as institutions compete for students not just from their own country, but from the lucrative international market. Universities are aware of the importance of their reputations, but to what extent are they utilizing branding activity to deal with such competitive threats? Can institutions with lower reputational capital compete for students by increasing their brand presence?
This study provides evidence from research into social media related branding activity from 56 UK universities and considers the impact of this activity, in particular social media interaction and social media validation, on performance in terms of student recruitment. The results demonstrate a positive effect for the use of social media on brand performance, especially when an institution attracts a large number of Likes on Facebook and a high number of Followers on Twitter. A particularly strong and positive effect results when universities use social media interactively.
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Análise do desempenho em inovação das empresas brasileiras produtoras de têxteis e confeccionados e seu impacto no desempenho exportador. / Analysis in innovation capacity of Brazilian companies producers of textiles and apparel and its impact on export performance.Silva, Karine Liotino da 26 March 2014 (has links)
As empresas têxteis e de confecção cada vez mais vem perdendo competitividade nos mercados interno e externo. Elas se encontram em um hiato no mercado global, onde não conseguem competir com os preços praticados pelos países asiáticos nos produtos de menor valor agregado e, dentre os artigos de alto valor agregado, concorrem pelos mesmos mercados com grandes marcas europeias e norte-americanas já consolidadas internacionalmente. Diante deste cenário, considera-se a participação no mercado internacional uma relevante alternativa para a sobrevivência de empresas que enfrentam a competição global, pois competir por mercados mais exigentes capacita as empresas a oferecerem melhores produtos e eleva o nível de inteligência empresarial, ou seja, um ambiente desafiador, característico de um mercado global, contribui para a evolução das empresas. Numa economia globalizada caracterizada pela alta competitividade, qualidade dos produtos e concorrência acirrada, cada vez mais o êxito empresarial depende da capacidade da empresa inovar, principalmente, tecnologicamente, lançando novos produtos no mercado, a um preço menor, com uma qualidade melhor e a uma velocidade maior do que seus concorrentes. A fim de avaliar o quanto as empresas estão preparadas para enfrentarem esta competição e se inserirem cada vez mais no mercado internacional, esta dissertação procurou identificar os fatores formadores de valor presentes nas empresas brasileiras produtoras de têxteis e confeccionados que impactam nos seus desempenhos em inovação para, então, analisar como tal desempenho pode influenciar na competitividade internacional, identificando possíveis gargalos e entraves. Para a obtenção dos resultados foi realizada uma pesquisa de avaliação (survey) com uma amostra de 63 empresas dos segmentos têxteis e de confecção participantes do Programa Texbrasil da Abit, exportadoras e não exportadoras. Para a coleta dos dados, foi elaborado um instrumento de - 7 - pesquisa (questionário estruturado) com base na literatura sobre o tema. Para complementar o trabalho, foi realizada uma etapa qualitativa, a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com especialistas do setor. Os resultados indicam que o desenvolvimento de inovações tem relação positiva com o desempenho da amostra estudada no mercado internacional. As empresas exportadoras estão mais estruturadas em relação à presença de fatores facilitadores para o desenvolvimento de inovações, quando comparadas às empresas não exportadoras. Os testes de regressão linear demonstraram que os aspectos relacionados ao porte das empresas, definição e compartilhamento da estratégia, estabelecimento de parcerias e o lançamento de produtos inovadores são fatores que vem impactando positivamente na participação dessas empresas no mercado internacional. Contudo, elas ainda apresentam práticas incipientes com relação à estrutura de gestão para uma estratégia competitiva baseada em inovações. A baixa qualificação da mão de obra; o pouco conhecimento e uso de regras de propriedade intelectual; a ausência de recursos físicos e financeiros; a baixa atividade de P, D & I, e o pouco conhecimento e uso dos recursos públicos destinados ao apoio a inovação, são considerados entraves para o desenvolvimento de inovações nas empresas estudadas, tanto exportadoras, como não exportadoras, sendo este cenário mais evidenciado nas empresas de menor porte e pertencentes ao elo de confecção. / Brazilian textile and apparel companies are losing more and more competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets. They are on a hiatus in the global market, where they are unable to compete with the prices practiced by Asian countries on lower added value products and, among higher added value items, they are competing for the same markets with major European and North American brands that are already established internationally. In the face of this scenario, participation in the international market is considered to be a relevant alternative for the survival of companies that are facing global competition, since competing for more demanding markets enables companies to offer better products and raise the bar on corporate intelligence; in other words, the challenging environment that is characteristic of a global market contributes to corporate growth. In a globalized economy characterized by high competitiveness, product quality and heated competition, corporate success increasingly depends on a company\'s ability to innovate, especially in technological terms, launching new products in the market faster than its competitors can, at a lower price and with better quality. In order to assess how prepared companies are to take on this competition and mover further and further into the international market, this dissertation sought to identify the value-forming factors found at Brazilian textile and apparel production companies that impact their performance in innovation. Next, an analysis was performed of how this performance could influence international competitiveness, identifying possible bottlenecks and barriers. To obtain results, a survey was applied using a sample of 63 exporting and nonexporting companies in the textile and apparel industries that are members of Abit\'s Texbrasil Program. To collect data, a survey instrument (structured questionnaire) was created based on literature on this topic. To add to this work, a qualitative stage was carried out, based on semi-structured interviews with industry specialists. - 9 - The results indicate that the development of innovations is positively related to the performance in the international market of the sample studied. The exporting companies are more structured in relation to the presence of factors that facilitate development of innovation, as compared to non-exporting companies. Linear regression tests show that aspects related to company size, definition and sharing of strategy, establishment of partnerships, and the launch of innovative products are factors that have had a positive impact on the participation of these companies in the international market. Nevertheless, their practices are still incipient insofar as the management structure is concerned for a competitive strategy based on innovations. The labor force\'s low qualifications; little knowledge and use of intellectual property rules; a lack of physical and financial resources; low R, D & I activities; and little knowledge and use of public resources earmarked for support of innovation are considered to be obstacles to development of innovations at the companies studied, both for exporters and non-exporters, with this scenario being more evident at smaller companies that are part of the apparel chain.
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A long way to the rainbow country : understanding the foreign market expansion process of Finnish corporations into the Republic of South Africa between 1990 and 2005 /Habiyakare, Evariste. January 2009 (has links)
Diss. Åbo : Åbo Akademi.
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Análise do desempenho em inovação das empresas brasileiras produtoras de têxteis e confeccionados e seu impacto no desempenho exportador. / Analysis in innovation capacity of Brazilian companies producers of textiles and apparel and its impact on export performance.Karine Liotino da Silva 26 March 2014 (has links)
As empresas têxteis e de confecção cada vez mais vem perdendo competitividade nos mercados interno e externo. Elas se encontram em um hiato no mercado global, onde não conseguem competir com os preços praticados pelos países asiáticos nos produtos de menor valor agregado e, dentre os artigos de alto valor agregado, concorrem pelos mesmos mercados com grandes marcas europeias e norte-americanas já consolidadas internacionalmente. Diante deste cenário, considera-se a participação no mercado internacional uma relevante alternativa para a sobrevivência de empresas que enfrentam a competição global, pois competir por mercados mais exigentes capacita as empresas a oferecerem melhores produtos e eleva o nível de inteligência empresarial, ou seja, um ambiente desafiador, característico de um mercado global, contribui para a evolução das empresas. Numa economia globalizada caracterizada pela alta competitividade, qualidade dos produtos e concorrência acirrada, cada vez mais o êxito empresarial depende da capacidade da empresa inovar, principalmente, tecnologicamente, lançando novos produtos no mercado, a um preço menor, com uma qualidade melhor e a uma velocidade maior do que seus concorrentes. A fim de avaliar o quanto as empresas estão preparadas para enfrentarem esta competição e se inserirem cada vez mais no mercado internacional, esta dissertação procurou identificar os fatores formadores de valor presentes nas empresas brasileiras produtoras de têxteis e confeccionados que impactam nos seus desempenhos em inovação para, então, analisar como tal desempenho pode influenciar na competitividade internacional, identificando possíveis gargalos e entraves. Para a obtenção dos resultados foi realizada uma pesquisa de avaliação (survey) com uma amostra de 63 empresas dos segmentos têxteis e de confecção participantes do Programa Texbrasil da Abit, exportadoras e não exportadoras. Para a coleta dos dados, foi elaborado um instrumento de - 7 - pesquisa (questionário estruturado) com base na literatura sobre o tema. Para complementar o trabalho, foi realizada uma etapa qualitativa, a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com especialistas do setor. Os resultados indicam que o desenvolvimento de inovações tem relação positiva com o desempenho da amostra estudada no mercado internacional. As empresas exportadoras estão mais estruturadas em relação à presença de fatores facilitadores para o desenvolvimento de inovações, quando comparadas às empresas não exportadoras. Os testes de regressão linear demonstraram que os aspectos relacionados ao porte das empresas, definição e compartilhamento da estratégia, estabelecimento de parcerias e o lançamento de produtos inovadores são fatores que vem impactando positivamente na participação dessas empresas no mercado internacional. Contudo, elas ainda apresentam práticas incipientes com relação à estrutura de gestão para uma estratégia competitiva baseada em inovações. A baixa qualificação da mão de obra; o pouco conhecimento e uso de regras de propriedade intelectual; a ausência de recursos físicos e financeiros; a baixa atividade de P, D & I, e o pouco conhecimento e uso dos recursos públicos destinados ao apoio a inovação, são considerados entraves para o desenvolvimento de inovações nas empresas estudadas, tanto exportadoras, como não exportadoras, sendo este cenário mais evidenciado nas empresas de menor porte e pertencentes ao elo de confecção. / Brazilian textile and apparel companies are losing more and more competitiveness in domestic and foreign markets. They are on a hiatus in the global market, where they are unable to compete with the prices practiced by Asian countries on lower added value products and, among higher added value items, they are competing for the same markets with major European and North American brands that are already established internationally. In the face of this scenario, participation in the international market is considered to be a relevant alternative for the survival of companies that are facing global competition, since competing for more demanding markets enables companies to offer better products and raise the bar on corporate intelligence; in other words, the challenging environment that is characteristic of a global market contributes to corporate growth. In a globalized economy characterized by high competitiveness, product quality and heated competition, corporate success increasingly depends on a company\'s ability to innovate, especially in technological terms, launching new products in the market faster than its competitors can, at a lower price and with better quality. In order to assess how prepared companies are to take on this competition and mover further and further into the international market, this dissertation sought to identify the value-forming factors found at Brazilian textile and apparel production companies that impact their performance in innovation. Next, an analysis was performed of how this performance could influence international competitiveness, identifying possible bottlenecks and barriers. To obtain results, a survey was applied using a sample of 63 exporting and nonexporting companies in the textile and apparel industries that are members of Abit\'s Texbrasil Program. To collect data, a survey instrument (structured questionnaire) was created based on literature on this topic. To add to this work, a qualitative stage was carried out, based on semi-structured interviews with industry specialists. - 9 - The results indicate that the development of innovations is positively related to the performance in the international market of the sample studied. The exporting companies are more structured in relation to the presence of factors that facilitate development of innovation, as compared to non-exporting companies. Linear regression tests show that aspects related to company size, definition and sharing of strategy, establishment of partnerships, and the launch of innovative products are factors that have had a positive impact on the participation of these companies in the international market. Nevertheless, their practices are still incipient insofar as the management structure is concerned for a competitive strategy based on innovations. The labor force\'s low qualifications; little knowledge and use of intellectual property rules; a lack of physical and financial resources; low R, D & I activities; and little knowledge and use of public resources earmarked for support of innovation are considered to be obstacles to development of innovations at the companies studied, both for exporters and non-exporters, with this scenario being more evident at smaller companies that are part of the apparel chain.
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Efeitos da abertura do mercado externo em arranjos produtivos locais de base agroindustrial: o caso dos produtores de mamão do Espírito Santo.Santos, Fabio Lyrio 02 April 2007 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2007-04-02 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / In the last years, public and private agents have concentrated efforts and placing resources in
action programs to the local productive arrangements (LPAs), organizational formations that
allow the micro and small-sized enterprises (MSEs) survival and growth. The rescue of the
MSEs role in the regions and countries development process happens in a time of resetting of
the economic, social and political systems evolution spaces, remodeling of the production
systems with the collective valuation, globalization and local protagonism. One of the main
goals of these action programs is the insertion of MSEs in the international markets. Thus, the
economic growth of firms and the sustainable development along the production chain should
be bigger. The object of study of this research was the enterprises of the Espírito Santo State
LPA of papaya, mainly centered in Linhares city. This region has little more than 200
producing properties and a set of linked entities that include education, research and technical
institutions, financing agencies, trade associations, category entities and others support
institutions. The aim of this research was to identify the collective benefits generated to the
arrangement after the opening of the United States market, in 1998, and to verify how these
benefits were individualized and absorbed by the local firms. The research was carried out
under qualitative approach and the used method was the case study. Twenty five interviews
were carried out, being fifteen with MSEs and small farm households, five with larger
companies, and others five with support institutions. The results evinced that the exportations
stratified the firms in two groups: one with the medium and large-sized exporting firms and
another one with the non-exporting MSEs and farm households. Despite this, the generated
benefits were not restricted to the exporting firms group, being spread to the other firms and
links of the arrangement. The exportations increased the economic, social and environmental
sustainable of the local papaya cultivation and stimulated the adoption of product and
processes innovations, improving the competitiveness of firms and profiting its economic
growth. The planted area, the production volume and the amount of companies enlarged, as
well as the job offer and the income. / Nos últimos anos, agentes públicos e privados têm concentrado esforços e alocando recursos
em programas de ações nos arranjos produtivos locais (APLs), formações organizacionais que
mais favorecem a sobrevivência e o crescimento das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs). O
resgate do papel das MPEs no desenvolvimento de regiões e países acontece numa época de
recomposição dos espaços de evolução dos sistemas econômico, social e político,
reestruturação dos sistemas produtivos com a valorização da coletividade, globalização de
mercados e protagonismo local. Uma das principais metas desses programas de ações é a
inserção das MPEs nos mercados internacionais. Com isso, espera-se um maior crescimento
econômico das firmas e o desenvolvimento sustentável em toda a cadeia de produção. O
objeto de estudo desta pesquisa foram as empresas do APL de mamão do Estado do Espírito
Santo, principalmente centradas no município de Linhares. Nesta região há pouco mais de 200
propriedades produtoras, em torno das quais atuam instituições de ensino, de pesquisa e
assistência técnica, de financiamento, associações, entidades de classe e demais organizações
de apoio. O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar os benefícios coletivos gerados ao arranjo
após a abertura do mercado norte-americano, em 1998, e verificar de que forma esses
benefícios foram individualizados e absorvidos pelas firmas locais. A abordagem utilizada foi
qualitativa e o método de pesquisa foi o estudo de caso. Foram realizadas 25 entrevistas,
sendo 15 com MPEs e propriedades de produção familiar, 5 com empresas de maior porte e
outras 5 com instituições de apoio. Os resultados mostraram que as exportações estratificaram
as empresas locais em dois grupos: um com as médias e grandes empresas exportadoras e
outro com as MPEs e propriedades não exportadoras. A despeito disso, os benefícios gerados
não se restringiram ao grupo de firmas exportadoras, distribuindo-se a outras empresas e a
outros elos do arranjo. As exportações aumentaram a sustentabilidade econômica, social e
ambiental da cultura do mamão na região e estimularam a introdução de inovações de produto
e de processos. Isso tornou as empresas mais competitivas e favoreceu seu crescimento
econômico. A área plantada, o volume de produção e o número de empresas aumentaram,
ampliando também a oferta de empregos e a renda.
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Análise da competitividade potencial da cadeia exportadora de feijões brasileira / Analysis of the potential competitiveness of the export chain system dynamicsALMEIDA, Paulo Roberto Vieira de 25 April 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-04-25 / Beans are an important component in the Brazilian diet and various countries across the globe. In Brazil is grown by farmers in various profiles at different scales, regions and farming systems. Brazil has a problem with self-sufficient in beans, historically presented as a major importer of grain, has a low market share in world exports that occurs far from the fact that these markets consume certain types of beans that Brazil has no tradition of produce, the type that is predominantly produced and consumed in Brazil is common bean. The international market beans can be better explored, but is necessary to organize the national production chain. Because of the importance of beans in the Brazilian domestic market, and low expression in exports, we chose to analyze the potential competitiveness of the export chain of brazilian beans. The competitive analysis contemplated the production sector and the export sector, it was developed through 9 drivers and 48 sub-factors that together indicate how is the condition of potential competitiveness of the chain. The evaluation was conducted from the perspective of key players and use of secondary data. Through the data collected it was found that the bean export chain is not currently so structured as other commodities, the production of exportable grain is still insufficient, there are difficulties in finding producers with production that meets the requirements of foreign markets, there are few producers with high production capacity, we observed the presence of active medium and high specificity and the level of informality in the chain is high. The worst drivers in the production sector were on account of the institutional environment, market relations and conditions of the logistics and storage, already in the export sector the driver institutional environment presented negative condition of competitiveness. The computer simulations performed using the events selected by experts showed that the conditions for improvements in the medium term has a greater positive effect on the export sector than in production sector, the negative effect of tax rates affects more than the production sector while technological improvements have multiple positive effects on other indicators. The results indicate that some drivers link that the profits are more concentrated in the export sector and because of the production costs are higher, the condition of competitiveness in production sector is more negative, nevertheless the general condition of competitiveness of the chain is positive and indicates that is interesting to invest in export of beans, though some interventions should be made to improve the indicators of the production sector. / O feijão é um importante componente na dieta do brasileiro e de diversos países pelo globo. No Brasil é cultivado por agricultores de diversos perfis, em diferentes escalas, regiões e por tipos diferentes de sistemas de produção. O Brasil apresenta problemas de auto-suficiência em feijões e historicamente se apresenta como um dos grandes importadores desse grão, tem baixa participação nas exportações mundiais o que ocorre pelo fato de que nesses mercados se consomem determinados tipos de feijões que o Brasil não tem tradição de produzir, entre outros fatores. Além disso, o tipo predominantemente produzido e consumido no Brasil é o feijão carioca que não é um tipo exportável. O mercado internacional de feijões pode ser melhor explorado, desde que o País organize uma cadeia produtiva para esse fim. Devido à importância do feijão no mercado interno brasileiro, e a baixa expressão nas exportações, o objetivo geral da presente pesquisa foi analisar a competitividade potencial da cadeia exportadora de feijões nacional utilizando os conceitos do Commodity System Approach, System Dynamics e métodos advindos dos campos da Economia Industrial e da Nova Economia Institucional. A análise da competitividade contemplou o setor de produção e o setor de exportação e foi desenvolvida por meio de 9 direcionadores e 48 subfatores que em conjunto indicam como está a condição de competitividade potencial da cadeia. A avaliação foi realizada sob a perspectiva de agentes-chave e da utilização de dados secundários. Através dos dados levantados verificou-se que a cadeia exportadora de feijão não se apresenta atualmente estruturada como a de outras commodities. A produção de grãos exportáveis ainda é incipiente, existem dificuldades para encontrar produtores com produção que atenda as exigências dos mercados externos, e existem poucos produtores com capacidade de produção elevada. Além disso, observou-se a presença de ativos de média e alta especificidade e o nível de informalidade ao longo da cadeia é elevado. Os piores direcionadores no setor da produção ficaram por conta do ambiente institucional, das relações de mercado e das condições da logística e armazenagem. Já no setor de exportação somente o direcionador ambiente institucional apresentou-se com condição negativa à competitividade. As simulações computacionais realizadas utilizando os eventos selecionados pelos especialistas mostraram que as condições de melhorias no médio prazo tem um efeito positivo maior no setor de exportação do que no setor de produção. O efeito negativo da tributação afeta mais o setor de produção enquanto melhorias tecnológicas têm efeitos positivos múltiplos sob outros indicadores. Os resultados de alguns direcionadores apontam que os lucros ficam mais concentrados no setor de exportação e por conta dos custos de produção maiores a condição de competitividade no setor de produção é mais negativa. Mesmo assim a condição geral de competitividade da cadeia é positiva e indica que é interessante se investir em exportação de feijões. Entretanto algumas intervenções devem ser feitas para melhorar os indicadores do setor de produção.
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Financování podnikatelských aktivit / Financing of Business ActivitiesPospíšil, Filip January 2021 (has links)
This diploma thesis on the topic "Financing of business activities" processes the entry into the foreign e-commerce market using the chosen strategy and modern marketing plan. In the first part, attention is paid to the issues of e-commerce, business on the Internet, penetrations into new markets and Internet marketing tools from the perspective of theory. The second part deals with the description of TWIN PRODUCTION s.r.o., analysis and comparison of two selected markets. It also includes the design of a strategy for entering the selected market and an outlined marketing strategy. Last but not least, all activities related to internationalization are financially quantified and some measures are proposed.
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Decision-making in SME internationalization : The role and use of Control in decisions made under the uncertainties of foreign market expansionOliveira, Luis January 2020 (has links)
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) make the backbone of virtually all economies but most of them are only marginally engaged with global markets, particularly those from developing countries. Our ability to advise these firms is currently limited for two major reasons: on the one hand, conventional International Business literature treats the firm as a black box and does not advance in decision-making dynamics that are critical to SMEs' foreign expansion; on the other, recent SME internationalization studies have achieved important progress but seem dependent on the use of Effectuation theory to represent the decisions that guide SME internationalization. This thesis focuses on closing this gap, developing a treatment of SME internationalization that focuses specifically on characterising internationalization-related decisions as being based on firms’ control of their own means, which allow them to proactively create opportunities and take advantage of contingencies (that is, the control principle). Empirically, this thesis builds on a quantitative research design based on survey data collected from 851 SMEs distributed in Brazil, China, Italy, Poland, and Sweden. Analyses of these data were performed with multiple regression equations and structural equation modelling using partial least squares. Results show that SMEs seem more inclined to adopt control-based decisions during internationalization when under uncertainties related to their business networks and when they come from emerging markets. They also reveal that the paths toward the realization of international market performance with control-based decisions seem to involve both firm-level and individual-level dynamics, with social networking playing a critical role. Finally, the findings collectively make it possible to draw a picture that clarifies the conceptualization of the control principle and hints on the multi-level nature of control-based internationalization. Despite limitations, such findings contribute to both International Business and International Entrepreneurship literatures while advancing extant understanding of the nature of the control principle and its role in SME internationalization.
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