Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem och cirka en tredjedel av världens kvinnor drabbas under sin livstid. Både män och kvinnor utsätts för våld i nära relationer, men det grova, kontrollerande och upprepade våldet är det främst kvinnor som utsätts för. Våldsutsattheten förekommer i alla åldrar oavsett kultur, religion eller ekonomisk status. Våldet orsakar stora hälsoproblem både på kort och lång sikt, samt har konsekvenser på samhällsnivå. Hälso- och sjukvården har ett lagstadgat ansvar att identifiera och stödja våldsutsatta patienter. Samtidigt visar forskning att vårdpersonal har svårigheter att bemöta våldsutsatta kvinnor och att initiera samtal om våld. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer upplever bemötandet inom hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med systematisk ansats och kvalitativ design. Databaserna som användes var PubMed, CINAHL och PsycINFO. Femton kvalitativa artiklar granskades och analysen utfördes i enlighet med Bettany-Saltikov och McSherry beskrivning av Burnardsanalysmetod. Resultat: Resultatet visade på tre teman med underliggande kategorier. Följande teman framkom; Brister i bemötandet ingav känslor av hopplöshet, Lyhört bemötande minskade känslor av ensamhet och skam och Önskan att få frågan om våld - under rätt förutsättningar. Slutsats: Litteraturöversikten visade på brister i bemötandet av våldsutsatta kvinnor. Ett mindre gott bemötande ledde till undvikande av hälso- och sjukvården. När kvinnorna upplevde ett gott bemötande så var det lättare att berätta om våldet. De drabbade ville bli tillfrågade om våld, lyssnade på samt få sin upplevelse validerad. / Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major global health problem and approximately a third of the world's women are affected during their lifetime. Both men and women are subjected to IPV, but the aggravated, controlling and repeated violence is mainly women exposed to. Exposure to violence occurs in all age groups regardless of culture and social classes. Violence causes major health problems both in the short and long term and it also has consequences at community level. Healthcare has a statutory responsibility to identify and support abused patients. At the same time, research shows that healthcare professionals find it difficult to respond to abused women and to initiate conversations about violence. Aim: The purpose was to describe how female victims of initimate partner violence experience encounters with healthcare providers. Method: A literature review with a systematic approach was conducted with aqualitative design. Fifteen qualitative articles have been reviewed and the analysis was performed in accordance with Bettany-Saltikov and McSherry’s describtion of Burnard’s method of analysis. Results: The result identified three themes with subcategories. The following themes emerged; Shortcomings in the encounter instilled feelings of hopelessness, A responsive encounter reduced feelings of loneliness and shame, Desire to be asked about violence - under the right circumstances. Conclusion: The literature review showed defiencys in the treatment of women victims of IPV. A less good encounter led to avoidance of healthcare. When women had a positive experience with healthcare providers it waseasier to disclose the IPV. Those affected wanted to be asked about violence, listened to and have their experience validated.

Background: Women are exposed to violence in intimate relationships much more than men and this is a global health problem. Nurses have a responsibility to identify violence in intimate relationships and meet these women in a professional way. Previous research indicates a lack of response from nurses towards women who experience violence in close relationships. Aim: The aim was to describe nurses´ experiences of meeting abused women in healthcare. Method: A literature-based study where eight articles have been analyzed through qualitative design with the support of Friberg's five-step model.  Results: The results showed that nurses experience a strong emotional impact in the meeting with the vulnerable women. They were worried about both women and themselves, which affected them privately. They had to suppress their feelings and they experienced professional dilemmas. It also emerged that lack of time and lack of knowledge was an obstacle to asking the vulnerable women the question. When knowledge and experience existed, a feeling of security was created. Conclusion: Based on this result, the conclusions can be drawn that nurses need additional knowledge about the topic of violence to feel secure in their professional role to meet and identify the women. It is also clear that nurses need strategies to deal with the emotional impact and to have clear guidelines for how the question of violence should be asked. / Syftet med detta examensarbete var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta våldsutsatta kvinnor i sjukvården. Detta för att framför allt kvinnor i stor utsträckning utsätts för våld av en nuvarande eller tidigare partner. I resultatet framkom det att sjuksköterskor upplever att det finns en kunskapsbrist samt att tiden inte räcker till för att kunna möta och identifiera dessa kvinnor. Sjuksköterskorna blir även starkt känslomässigt påverkade vilket även går ut över deras privata liv. Utifrån resultatet som framkom kan slutsatserna dras att sjuksköterskor är i behov av ytterligare kunskap om ämnet våld. Det är även tydligt att sjuksköterskorna behöver strategier för att hantera den känslomässiga påverkan samt att ha tydliga riktlinjer för hur frågan om våld ska ställas. Mäns våld mot kvinnor är ett samhällsproblem världen över som leder till fruktansvärda konsekvenser för kvinnor. Sjuksköterskor har ett ansvar för att identifiera våld i nära relationer och möta dessa kvinnor på rätt sätt. Tidigare forskning tyder på bristande respons från sjuksköterskor gentemot kvinnor som upplever våld i nära relationer. Metoden som användes var en litteraturbaserad studie där åtta artiklar analyserades genom kvalitativ design med stöd av Fribergs femstegsmodell. I studien diskuteras bland annat vad normer kan ha för inverkan på en manlig sjuksköterska som enligt samhällets normer inte ska visa sig sårbar. Det diskuteras samt vilka konsekvenserna blir när sjuksköterskan upplever tidsbrist i arbetet.

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Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem. Våldet har direkta och indirekta konsekvenser för kvinnor som utsätts. Sjuksköterskor har ett ansvar att hjälpa kvinnor som varit utsatta för våld i nära relationer. Utmaningar och svårigheter att ge den omvårdnad som krävs kan dock uppstå. Syfte: Att studera sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta kvinnor som varit utsatta för våld i nära relation. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Två kategorier “När organisationen brister” och “När sjuksköterskans brister” samt sex tillhörande underkategorier “Riktlinjer och utbildning”, “Tiden räcker inte till”, “Arbetsmiljöns påverkan” “Frustration”, “Rädsla och sorg” och “Osäkerhet”. Slutsatser: Organisatoriska och individuella orsaker låg till grund för de utmaningar sjuksköterskor upplevde i mötet med kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relation. Sjuksköterskorna ansåg att tydligare riktlinjer och utbildning var nödvändigt. Stöd från organisationen behövs för att sjuksköterskor ska kunna ge bättre omvårdnad, då deras individuella osäkerhet hindrar dem från att ge dessa kvinnor personcentrerad vård. Fortsatt forskning: Utreda vilka utbildningsmöjligheter om våld i nära relationer som idag erbjuds på sjuksköterskors arbetsplatser, och vilka typer av utbildningar skulle kunna bidra till att sjuksköterskor känner sig mer bekväma i mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor? / Background: Intimate partner violence is a global health problem. The violence has consequences both directly and indirectly for the women. Nurses have a responsibility to help women who have been subjected intimate partner violence. Challenges and difficulties to provide proper care may occur. Aim: To study nurses' experiences meeting women who have been subjected to intimate partner violence.  Method: A literary review with a qualitative approach.  Result: Two categories “When the organization fails” and “When the nurse fails” with six subcategories: “Guidelines and education”, “Insufficient time”, “the effect of work environment”, “Frustration”, “Fear & Sadness”, and “Insecurity.”  Conclusion: Organizational and individual reasons were the basis for the challenges that nurses experience when dealing with women exposed to intimate partner violence. The nurses expressed that further guidelines and education was necessary. Support from the organization is needed for the nurses to be able to give proper care, as their individual insecurity stops them from giving these women person centered  care.  Further research: Investigate on what educational opportunities regarding intimate partner violence nurses are offered at their workplaces, and what kind of education would contribute to the nurses feeling more comfortable when encountering women subjected to violence?

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer är ett globalt hälsoproblem där kvinnor är överrepresenterade som offer. Trots att ett mörkertal existerar har det visat sig att var tredje kvinna i världen har blivit utsatt. Sjuksköterskor kan i arbetet komma i kontakt med dessa kvinnor, därav är det av stor vikt att förutsättningarna är så bra som möjligt för att kunna tillgodose bra och säker vård. Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bemöta kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer. Metod: En litteraturstudie som utgick ifrån tio kvalitativa studier som analyserades enligt Fribergs femstegsmodell. Databassökningarna genomfördes i Cinahl och PubMed. Resultat: Utifrån analysen identifierades tre huvudkategorier samt nio subkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var “Sjuksköterskans känslomässiga reaktioner”, “Sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt i mötet med en våldsutsatt kvinna” och “Organisatoriska utmaningar i mötet med en våldsutsatt kvinna”. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor upplever olika svårigheter med att tala om våld med en våldsutsatt kvinna. Förutsättningarna för en tryggare och bättre vårdkvalitet kan optimeras med mer utbildning och stöd för sjuksköterskor samt tydligare rutiner och riktlinjer. / Background: Domestic violence is a global health problem where women are overrepresented as victims. Despite the fact that a number of hidden statistics exist, it has been shown that every third woman in the world has been exposed. Nurses’ may come in contact with these women in their work, therefore it is of great importance that the conditions are as good as possible in order to provide good and safe care. Aim: To illuminate nurses’ experiences of encountering with women who have been exposed to domestic violence. Methods: The literature review was based on ten qualitative studies that were analyzed according to Friberg’s five-step model. Database searches were made in Cinahl and PubMed. Results: Based on the analysis, three main categories and nine subcategories were identified. The main categories were “Nurses’ emotional reactions”, “The nurses’ approach in the encounter with an abused woman” and “Organizational challenges in the encounter with an abused woman”. Conclusion: Nurses’ experience various difficulties in talking about violence with a woman exposed to violence. The conditions for a safer and better quality of care can be optimized with more training and support for nurses as well as improved routines and guidelines.

Between the late 1960s and the mid-1980s, second-wave feminism involved both the construction of a distinctive body of social theory and socio-political activity with the explicit goal of turning violence from a private injury into a political problem demanding state intervention. In two decades the most radical wing of second-wave feminism launched an extraordinarily successful campaign against male violence that led to legislative reforms, and embedded itself in the interstices of state-funded social provision in European capitals. Most broadly, this dissertation examines how and why violence behind closed doors has come under the purview of the state as a vacuum to be filled with criminal law, and participates in a broader spectrum of queries about the rethinking of the state monopoly on violence, the erosion of the welfare state and the usages of law and punishment as vehicles for social change. A visionary radical feminist project, that had initially sought systemic change, instead folded itself into world affairs. The history of this transition is drastically under-researched, and has been left by historians to theorists. I propose a form of intellectual history centred on collectivity, on recovering underappreciated histories and on challenging the scripts by which the stories of making and unmaking feminist thought are told. In this dissertation I examine the transformation of intimate violence, first defined as “violence against women”—in public perception, social science, and the law—from a private matter to a state concern. I consider feminist activism and theory, academia (notably sociology and women’s studies), social democratic politics, and the legal system, to understand how intimate violence has become a terrain for action and thought. This dissertation demonstrates the centrality of violence to feminist arguments against women’s economic dependence, and shows how the exposure of violence against women resulted in new categories of need, that enabled the Dutch welfare state to produce welfare subjects accordingly. I explore how radical feminists first exposed violence in the intimate realm, why it became a focal point for liberal feminism as well, and how this exposure has set in motion a process of social change that veered into recuperation. Gradually, the cultural, political and legal outlook shifted—ultimately the siren call of law was answered. This is a history of classifications and (unintended) consequences.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) involves aggressive or abusive behaviour that harms or intimidates a current or former romantic partner. Although sexual and gender diverse (2S/LGBTQIA+) people may disproportionately experience IPV, their experiences are not well documented in the Canadian context. This multi-methods qualitative study documents 2S/LGBTQIA+ survivors’ experiences with IPV and access to related services throughout the COVID-19 pandemic via in-depth interviews with survivors and service providers. Survivors experienced multiple, concurrent forms of abuse that contributed to poor mental health outcomes, both of which were intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Survivors had difficulty recognizing themselves as victims and were unaware of services. Services are insufficiently funded and unable to meet the needs of their communities. Gender-based violence organizations want to serve transgender women and transfeminine people but second-wave feminist frameworks in policy and funding mechanisms are a barrier to expanding services. Service providers need predictable, annualized funding, must improve outreach, and shift to an intersectional feminist framework that includes 2S/LGBTQIA+ people. Comprehensive sexual health education and regular IPV screenings by mental health professionals are crucial for IPV prevention.

About 14 percent of children and young people witness relational violence of various kinds between close relatives. Violence in intimate relationships affects children's mental and physical health as well as social relationships. When and how their need for help is met is important for their vulnerability and ability to recover. Unlike violence by unknown perpetrators that occurs in the public space, intimate partner violence is most often perpetrated in the home, which should be a protected place, by a person who should be one of the victim's most secure relationships. The purpose of this study was to compile existing research on how witnessing violence in close relationships affects children's health, education and future career life, and to identify health-promoting factors that can contribute to benefiting the health of children exposed to partner-related violence in the home. The results showed that children who witness intimate partner violence (IPV) suffer short- and long-term consequences in the form of physical and mental health problems as well as challenges in their social relationships, academic performance and future career possibiliti

The current study conducted a content analysis of newspaper articles in a Florida newspaper, the Orlando Sentinel. The study spanned across a five-year time period from 2004-2009, featuring 198 articles on domestic violence homicide. The current study is a replication of previous research conducted using the same newspaper during 1995-2000. Victim blame, tone, and descriptions of the perpetrator and victim were among several items of interest. Findings reveal a slight increase in victim blaming statements and a larger increase in positive portrayals of the victims of domestic violence homicide.

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relation är ett av de större samhällsproblemen idag. Det finns i alla relationer, men kvinnor utsätts mer frekvent. När det gäller att synliggöra våldet mot utsatta kvinnor har hälso- och sjukvården en nyckelroll då många av dessa söker vård. Det finns en påtaglig kunskapslucka i hur fysioterapeuter inom primärvården identifierar, undersöker och behandlar våld i nära relation. Syfte: Att undersöka fysioterapeuter som arbetar i primärvården vad gäller deras upplevelser och erfarenheter kring att identifiera, undersöka och behandla kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relation. Metod: Kvalitativ design i form av en semistrukturerad intervjustudie med sex deltagare utifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes vid databearbetningen. Resultat: Studien visade att fysioterapeuter upplever det utmanande att identifiera våldsutsatta. Det framkom att det saknas rutiner för att upptäcka, undersöka och behandla utsatta kvinnor. Att våga fråga och skapa en förtroendefull relation till patienten ansågs vara nyckelfaktorer för identifiering. Mer utbildning inom ämnet ansågs kunna öka tryggheten och förbättra identifieringen av utsatta kvinnor. Slutsats: Identifiering av individer som utsätts våld i nära relation upplevs i många fall svårt. Studien visar att det finns en osäkerhet hos fysioterapeuter inom ämnet. Tillsammans med tidigare forskning framkom att fysioterapeuter inom primärvården har en nyckelroll i att identifiera utsatta men ytterligare utbildning, forskning och riktlinjer är nödvändigt för att fler ska få hjälp. / Background: Intimate partner violence is one of the biggest societal problems today. It exists in all relationships, but women are exposed more frequently. When it comes to making the violence against vulnerable women visible, the healthcare system has a key role as many of these seek care. There is a significant knowledge gap in how physiotherapists in primary care identify, examine and treat violence in close relationships. Objective: To examine the experiences of physiotherapists regarding identifying, examining and treating women who are exposed to intimate partner violence, within primary care. Method: A qualitative method with semi structured interviews with six participants, based on convenience sampling was used. Qualitative content analysis was used for data analysis. Results: This study showed that physiotherapists find it challenging to identify victims of violence. It emerged lack of routines for detecting, examining and treating vulnerable women. Dare to ask and create trusting relationship with the patient were considered key factors for identification. More education regarding the topic was considered by physiotherapists to increase security and improve identification of vulnerable women. Conclusion: Identification of individuals who are exposed to intimate partner violence is in many cases perceived as difficult. The study shows that there is uncertainty among physiotherapists in the subject. Together with previous research, it emerged that physiotherapists in primary care have a key role in vulnerable but further education, research and guidelines are necessary for more people to get help.