This dissertation addresses the convergence of ethics, labor, aesthetics, cultural citizenship, and the circulation of knowledge among experimental electronic instrument builders in New York City and Berlin. This loosely connected group of musician-inventors engages in what I call “DIY music technology” due to their shared do-it-yourself ethos and their use of emerging and repurposed technologies, which allow for new understandings of musical invention. My ethnography follows a constellation of self-described hackers, “makers,” sound and noise artists, circuit benders, avant-garde/experimental musicians, and underground rock bands through these two cities, exploring how they push the limits of what “music” and “instruments” can encompass, while forming local, transnational, and virtual networks based on shared interests in electronics tinkering and independent sound production. This fieldwork is supplemented with inquiries into the construction of “DIY” as a category of invention, labor, and citizenship, through which I trace the term’s creative and commercial tensions from the emergence of hobbyism as a form of productive leisure to the prevailing discourse of punk rock to its adoption by the recent Maker Movement. I argue that the cultivation of the self as a “productive” cultural citizen—which I liken to a state of “permanent prototyping”—is central to my interlocutors’ activities, through which sound, self, and instrument are continually remade. I build upon the idea of “technoaesthetics” (Masco 2006) to connect the inner workings of musical machines with the personal transformations of DIY music technologists as inventors fuse their aural imaginaries with industrial, biological, environmental, and sometimes even magical imagery. Integral to these personal transformations is a challenge to corporate approaches to musical instrument making and selling, though this stance is often strained when commercial success is achieved. Synthesizing interdisciplinary perspectives from ethno/musicology, anthropology, and science and technology studies, I demonstrate that DIY music technologists forge a distinctive sense of self and citizenship that critiques, yet remains a cornerstone of, artistic production and experience in a post-digital “Maker Age.”

Världen är i konstant förändring och drivs framåt genom utveckling av nya och uppdaterade produkter. Utan denna utveckling skulle samhällsutvecklingen troligtvis stanna av. För hur skulle ditt liv se ut utan järnvägen, elektriciteten eller telefonen? Alla dessa förändringar börjar med att en person har en idé som börjar gro och som börjar sin resa mot att nå marknaden. De idéer som mynnar ut i produkter, är av teknisk karaktär och har en höjd av originalitet klassas som uppfinningar, som när väl insteg nås på marknaden blir till innovationer. Alla idéer har dock inte samma förutsättningar att lyckas nå marknaden, utan vissa har stor möjlighet att bli innovationer och vissa har det inte. I de fallen där innehavaren av en idé har som mål att nå insteg med sin uppfinning är det viktigt att i ett så tidigt skede som möjligt kunna särskilja vilka uppfinningar som har potential att göra detta för att ha möjlighet att kunna fokusera sina resurser, så som kapital och tid, på de uppfinningar som har bäst förutsättningar att bli till innovationer. För att kunna få förståelse för huruvida en idé har en affärsmässig potential har vi i det här arbetet undersökt vilka parametrar som påverkar möjligheten att nå insteg. Dessutom har vi undersökt hur en innehavare av en idé kan använda sig utav dessa parametrar för att själv ha möjlighet att analysera och påverka chansen att lyckas. Arbetet har genomförts genom litteraturstudier och kvalitativa intervjuer med personer som har erfarenhet kring uppfinningar och hur dessa når sin tilltänka marknad. Litteraturstudien samt intervjuerna ledde fram till ett antal parametrar som är av intresse att ha kunskap kring. Genom att jämföra dessa med teorin kunde vi analysera fram huruvida de hade inverkan för potentialen att nå marknaden. Ytterligare analys genomfördes för att identifiera hur dessa kan användas för att utvärdera en idé. Parametrarna som identifierades som mest väsentliga för att en uppfinning skulle ha möjlighet att nå insteg är originalitet, marknadskännedom, kunskap och kompetens, drivkraft, öppenhet, timing samt ekonomiska resurser. Det har även visat sig att teori och uppfinnare står långt ifrån varandra när det kommer till hur det praktiskt går till att nå insteg. Uppfinnarna anser att den tekniska lösningen är mest väsentlig medan teorin anser att behovet för produkten hos den tilltänka kunden är det. Vår slutsats är att både den tekniska lösningen och behovet är nödvändigt för att nå insteg, vilket är viktigt att förstå. Uppfinnaren kan få kunskap kring detta genom att arbeta mer strukturerat, se på idén mer objektivt samt genom att göra noggrannare marknadsundersökningar. Vi har även funnit att det är viktigt att våga dela med sig av sin idé, i viss mån, och vara öppen för att kunna få hjälp med kunskap kring kompetens som man inte själv behärskar. Det finns mycket att vinna på att lyckas med att verifiera idéer i ett tidigt stadie för att kunna lägga tid och energi på de idéer som har störst potential att lyckas. Hur detta går till rent praktiskt presenteras sist i rapporten. / The world is in constant change, driven by the development of new and updated products. Without these products, the growth in society would in the worst-case scenario stop completely. Can you imagine how your life would be without the railway, electricity or phone? All these examples have at some point started with a person that has an idea. This person then begins to think about it and at some point, begin the journey to reach the market with it. The ideas that become a product and is of technical nature and at the same time has a height of originality, is classified as an invention. When a market adopts an invention, it becomes an innovation. All ideas have not the same possibility to succeed in the market, some have great potential meanwhile some inventions just fail. In those cases, when a person aim to reach the market with an idea, it’s important to identify if it is one of those that have the possibility, and this is better to have knowledge about at as a early stage as possible. This is important to do, so the inventor can focus their resources, such as capital and time, in the right direction. We have investigated the parameters that affect the ability to achieve entry into a market to get a better understanding of whether an idea has commercial potential or not. We have also in addition to the investigation examined how these parameters can be used to influence the chance of success. The work was done through literature studies and interviews with people who have experience of inventions and the innovation process. The literature review and interviews led to several parameters that are of interest. By comparing this with the theory, we could analyse whether these had effects or not, and if so how much. Further analysis was performed to identify how these can be used in practise. The parameters that were identified as most important was originality, market awareness, knowledge and skills, motivation, transparency, timing and financial resources. We have also proved that theory and reality are far apart when it comes to how innovators work and how researchers think is the best way. The inventors believe that the technical solution is the most significant parameter, while the theory considers the need for the product is the most important. Our conclusion is that both the technical solution and the need are necessary to achieve entry into the market. The inventor can obtain knowledge about all these parameters by working with more structure, look at the idea more objectively and make inquiries with potential customers. We have also found that it is important to share the idea with others, but only to a certain level due to demands for patent grants, to be able to get help to gain knowledge about the parameters that the individual does not possess. There is much to gain from the success of verifying ideas at an early stage, so time and energy can be allocated to the ideas with the greatest potential to succeed. How innovators can use the parameters in a practical way are presented at the end of the report.

This dissertation aims to answer the main question of "How does regional ecology (few or many small innovative firms in a region) enhance or limit innovation?" Put differently, how vital is the mix of small and large firms for regional innovation performance? From the policy perspective, the results of this study shed some light for policy maker to assess the "knowledge searching" strategies of firms when choosing locations. The research design combines a unique survey of patent inventors in the United States and archival data. Georgia Tech inventor survey data contains commercialization measures for patented inventions and information on firm characteristics. Using this archival data, data has been collected on regional innovation measures, regional-level attributes and project-level measures. The results indicate that the agglomeration of specialized firms is positively associated with regional innovation activities, as the Marshall-Arrow-Romer model proposed. In addition to traditional regional measures, small firm dominated ecology is a strong factor explaining regional commercialization activities, even though the role is not very significant when explaining the regional patenting activities. It is suggested that the organizational ecological perspective is complementary to understand information flow mechanisms in innovative regions. One mechanism of SME dominated ecologies is partially through the increase of skilled labor mobility. Furthermore, when the regional ecology moves towards being dominated by small firms, large firms benefit more from the presence of many innovative small firms than SMEs. By contrast, the concentration of innovative small firms does not add much value for SMEs. I suggest the focus of policies should be on understanding the heterogeneous ability of accessing localized knowledge resources between large and small firms. Deriving from the findings, policy implications and future research are discussed.

This dissertation attempts to contribute to extant discussions on how one utilizes knowledge for economic gain. The first essay is a response to the controversy on whether the interactions divert academic scientists research agenda toward industry interests at the expense of fundamental science. This essay considers how an academic scientist chooses the level of difficulty of a research project and its level of relevance to industry interests. A simple game-theoretic model between research sponsors, a government agency and a firm, and an academic scientist is constructed. The shows that the funding decisions of research sponsors are strategic substitutes. It also shows that the academic scientists choices of project characteristics are strategic complements. The second essay provides insights on scientific entrepreneurs. It is argued that the nature of scientists research, specifically the level of its commercial applicability, is an important predictor of entrepreneurial actions of academic scientists. Using data from 395 academic scientists at five top US research universities, it is observed that there is a non-linear relationship between the nature of research and entrepreneurial actions. The third essay offers insights on entrepreneurial teams. This essay investigates mechanisms that give rise to entrepreneurial teams. The model shows that an entrepreneur obtains less expected value from a project if the entrepreneur chooses to work solo at latter stage than working in a team. It is also explained how asymmetry of importance between tasks in a commercialization project influences the decision of team formation and its optimal size. An extended model is constructed to analyze two benefits of team work: specialization and diversity.

Abstract Title: “The effect of campaigns on behavioral change” – A Quantitative Investigation of Soft Measures Effect on The Choice of Transportation - Angelika Källström Reduction of the greenhouse gas emission caused from the transport section is one of the world’s biggest challenges. To reduce the greenhouse gas emission researchers has agreed that behavioral change that reduce car use is necessary. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects campaign has on attitude and behavior change after one year. In 2021 Luleå municipality held the campaign #engångföralla with purpose to raise awareness of the unnecessarily car travels and reduce private car use. To fulfil the aim empirical was collected by a quantitative survey targeting the participants. Because of the statistical loss the respondents only represent themselves. The study shows that the respondents after the campaign walks more and drive less. The respondents experience environmental and health factors to be the greatest motivators to walk instead of taking the car. There are overall few gender differences between the respondents, women have significant stronger beliefs that their own behaviour have a considerable impact on the climate change and drive less. The respondents believes that other participants are more likely to change their behaviour towards a sustainable mobility. In conclusion the study identifies that the campaign effects the respondent’s attitude and behaviour one year after its completion. However, the effect is limited and mostly affects those respondents who considered receptive to attitude and behaviour change. Campaigns such as #engångföralla may function as one of many tools on the path to a more sustainable transportation.

Thesis (MA (App. Hist.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of History, 2000. / "August 2000" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-118) and index of inventors.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem como proposta investigar as psicoses ordinárias e suas invenções. Partimos dos impasses de nossa prática clínica relativo ao diagnóstico diferencial, buscando identificar quais seriam os principais conceitos utilizados em referência ao mesmo. Sobretudo, apuramos de que maneira estes conceitos se mostram operativos no tratamento possível das psicoses. De forma que o esclarecimento da noção da psicose em psicanálise favorece a compreensão das psicoses ordinárias. Deduzimos que as psicoses, de forma ampla, possuem um aspecto multifacetário e, neste sentido, que as psicoses ordinárias pertencem à diversidade do campo. Estas últimas possuem uma apresentação discreta de fenômenos elementares. Embora a psicose ordinária não seja uma categoria de Jacques Lacan, averiguamos que pode ser depreendida da clínica lacaniana, extraída de uma perspectiva original do autor. Lacan nos faz avançar na ideia de uma direção de tratamento que privilegia a invenção de um significante novo que cumpre a função de sinthoma, exemplificado a partir das elaborações sobre James Joyce e o nó borromeano. O sinthoma é um artifício inventado para dar sustentação ao nó borromeano que é composto pelas instâncias separadas do imaginário, simbólico e real. Supomos que o mais específico das psicoses ordinárias se encontra no modo pelo qual ocorrem suas invenções de amarração do nó borromeano, ou seja, como surgem as compensações da foraclusão do Nome-do-Pai. Nossos dados indicam que a noção de compensação ou suplência que comportam as psicoses ordinárias produz uma forma inédita de apurar suas singularidades, facilitando não apenas o diagnóstico como também a direção do tratamento. / This dissertation is proposed to investigate the common psychoses and their inventions. We left the impasses of our clinical practice for the differential diagnosis in order to identify what are the main concepts used in reference to it. Especially apuramos how these concepts are shown operating in possible treatment of psychosis. In order to clarify the concept of psychosis in psychoanalysis favors the common understanding of psychosis. We deduce that the psychoses, broadly, have a multifaceted aspect and in this sense, that the ordinary psychoses belong to the diversity of the field. The latter have a presentation discrete elementary phenomena. Although psychosis is not an ordinary category of Jacques Lacan, then used to establish what can be deduced from the Lacanian clinic, extracted from a unique perspective of the author. Lacan makes us move towards the idea of a treatment that focuses on a significant new invention that fulfills the function of sinthome exemplified from elaborations on James Joyce and the Borromean knot. The sinthome is a device invented to sustain the Borromean knot which is composed of separate instances of imaginary, symbolic and real. We assume that the more specific psychoses ordinary is occurring in the way of his inventions mooring Borromean knot, or arise as compensation the foreclosure of the Name of the Father. Our data indicate that the notion of compensation or substitutive that involve psychosis ordinary produces a unique way of ascertaining their singularities, facilitating not only the diagnosis but also the direction of treatment.

The actual research, accomplished in the Teaching Post-Graduation Course, Arts Education field, results from the activities realized from 2001 to 2003 at the school of incomplete fundamental education Intendente Manuel Ribas, sited at Caturrita village, in Santa Maria, RS, in which there has not been a practice regarding Art Education. The subjects of this investigation are students from the 2nd, 3rd and 4th year. The village is stigmatized and known as Dump , due to the fact that the waste disposal of the city is located in that area and most of its workers get their income out of that in subhuman conditions, without any protection, having low financial support and under exploration circumstances imposed by the companies that negotiate the product of their work . The applied methodology aims to cartograph their meetings and the affections produced by the dialogs of the praxis; the approach is qualitative; the instruments used for gathering data are direct and participative observation, analyses of the creation process, field journal and semi-structured interviews. The research has as objectives to investigate how the creative process is developed by the subjects and to what extent the development of visual language potentializes the construction of subjectivities in relation to the vivential quotidian and the social context in order to offer possibilities for a potentially active, common doing. Thinking the outside of the school and itself as inserted in the context and system, the experiments lived through the creative action proportionated the cognitive development and were converted into sense production, autonomy, initiative, flexibility, sensibility, and self-confidence, without producing an universal identity molded according to educational practices that try to frame everyone into an asepsis controlled by rules of submission / A presente pesquisa realizada no Curso de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Linha de pesquisa Educação e Artes, advém de atividades exercidas entre 2001 e 2003 na Escola de ensino fundamental incompleto Intendente Manuel Ribas, situada na Vila Caturrita da cidade de Santa Maria-RS, na qual não havia uma prática voltada para o ensino da arte. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são alunos da 2ª, 3ª e 4ª séries. A vila é estigmatizada e conhecida como Lixão , devido ao fato de localizar-se aí o depósito de lixo da cidade e a maioria dos trabalhadores obterem seu sustento através deste, em condições desumanas, sem a mínima proteção, com baixo retorno financeiro e sob uma situação de exploração por parte das empresas que negociam o produto de seu trabalho . A metodologia empregada pretende cartografar os encontros entre os envolvidos e as afecções produzidas pelos diálogos da práxis; a abordagem é qualitativa; os instrumentos usados para a coleta de dados são a observação direta e participante, análise do processo de criação, diário de campo e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A pesquisa tem por objetivos investigar como se desenvolve o processo criativo nos sujeitos envolvidos e em que medida, o desenvolvimento da linguagem visual potencializa a construção de subjetividades elacionando-se com o cotidiano vivencial e o contexto social no intento de abrir possibilidades para a produção de um fazer comum potencialmente ativo. Pensando "o fora" da escola, e a própria como inserida neste contexto e sistema, as experiências vividas através da ação criativa proporcionaram o desenvolvimento cognitivo e refletiram-se em produção de sentido, autonomia, iniciativa, flexibilidade, sensibilidade e autoconfiança, sem que estas características viessem a produzir uma identidade universal, modeladas segundo as práticas educativas que tentam enquadrar à todos em uma assepsia controlada por regras de submissão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem como proposta investigar as psicoses ordinárias e suas invenções. Partimos dos impasses de nossa prática clínica relativo ao diagnóstico diferencial, buscando identificar quais seriam os principais conceitos utilizados em referência ao mesmo. Sobretudo, apuramos de que maneira estes conceitos se mostram operativos no tratamento possível das psicoses. De forma que o esclarecimento da noção da psicose em psicanálise favorece a compreensão das psicoses ordinárias. Deduzimos que as psicoses, de forma ampla, possuem um aspecto multifacetário e, neste sentido, que as psicoses ordinárias pertencem à diversidade do campo. Estas últimas possuem uma apresentação discreta de fenômenos elementares. Embora a psicose ordinária não seja uma categoria de Jacques Lacan, averiguamos que pode ser depreendida da clínica lacaniana, extraída de uma perspectiva original do autor. Lacan nos faz avançar na ideia de uma direção de tratamento que privilegia a invenção de um significante novo que cumpre a função de sinthoma, exemplificado a partir das elaborações sobre James Joyce e o nó borromeano. O sinthoma é um artifício inventado para dar sustentação ao nó borromeano que é composto pelas instâncias separadas do imaginário, simbólico e real. Supomos que o mais específico das psicoses ordinárias se encontra no modo pelo qual ocorrem suas invenções de amarração do nó borromeano, ou seja, como surgem as compensações da foraclusão do Nome-do-Pai. Nossos dados indicam que a noção de compensação ou suplência que comportam as psicoses ordinárias produz uma forma inédita de apurar suas singularidades, facilitando não apenas o diagnóstico como também a direção do tratamento. / This dissertation is proposed to investigate the common psychoses and their inventions. We left the impasses of our clinical practice for the differential diagnosis in order to identify what are the main concepts used in reference to it. Especially apuramos how these concepts are shown operating in possible treatment of psychosis. In order to clarify the concept of psychosis in psychoanalysis favors the common understanding of psychosis. We deduce that the psychoses, broadly, have a multifaceted aspect and in this sense, that the ordinary psychoses belong to the diversity of the field. The latter have a presentation discrete elementary phenomena. Although psychosis is not an ordinary category of Jacques Lacan, then used to establish what can be deduced from the Lacanian clinic, extracted from a unique perspective of the author. Lacan makes us move towards the idea of a treatment that focuses on a significant new invention that fulfills the function of sinthome exemplified from elaborations on James Joyce and the Borromean knot. The sinthome is a device invented to sustain the Borromean knot which is composed of separate instances of imaginary, symbolic and real. We assume that the more specific psychoses ordinary is occurring in the way of his inventions mooring Borromean knot, or arise as compensation the foreclosure of the Name of the Father. Our data indicate that the notion of compensation or substitutive that involve psychosis ordinary produces a unique way of ascertaining their singularities, facilitating not only the diagnosis but also the direction of treatment.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2435989 bytes, checksum: ecc059cc461bb3008f0252b805291eb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / La diversité de savoirs qui traitent sur le thème de la folie au fil du temps vont en inventant le plus divers sujets sociaux de la folie, des significations et des sens théoriques qui cherchent le contrôle et l'exercice du pouvoir sur elle même. La folie continue alors d être inventé et capturé, mais aussi se glisse au milieu de divers modalités de contrôle de ces savoirs. Savoirs et pouvoirs qui apparaissent dans certaines conditions de possibilités discursives, historiques et sociales et en cours de fouille, apparaissent sous une configuration complexe de forces multiples. Ruptures et lignes de fuite sont révélés au sein de cet ensemble de forces, démontrant l'incapacité et l'impossibilité du contrôle absolu sur la folie. Nomade, cerclée, incriminée, tutellée, médicalisée, hospitalisée, psychothérapeutisée, citoyennetée, psychanalysée, indisciplinée, finalement, inventée de plusiers égards, elle suit toujours à s'échapper. Pendant ce temps, les gouvernements promettent ; théories expliquent ; religions chérissent ; les décrets de règlement ; des connaissances supposent; mais elle nous montre toujours le visage d'incompétence et d'impuissance des savoirs eux-mêmes. Nous cherchons à démontrer au long de notre texte, qui est peut-être la grande sagesse de la folie : la fragilité des savoirs, que plein de pouvoirs supposés, cherchent leur exerciter de manière hégémonique. Empiriquement, nous recherchons l'histoire locale de plusieurs nominations qui ont été inventés pour la folie dans la région de la Campina Grande, avec leurs significations, leurs jeux de forces, leurs hégémonies temporaires, leurs luttes par le savoir-pouvoir. Grâce à une triangulation méthodologique et un large éventail de sources, nous démontrons la construction historique et sociale des différents types de savoirs sur la folie, ses connexions rhizomatiques, ainsi que toutes la relativité de ces savoirs et de ces pouvoir pour y faire face. Enfin, nous avons démontré par l'expérience ethnographique, les risques qui en resultent de la folie pour l'ordre établie, ne configurez pas elle-même dans la logique de l'identité, mais aussi la sagesse qu'il déborde d'une telle condition. / Os diversos saberes que tratam da temática do enlouquecimento ao longo dos tempos vão inventando os mais variados sujeitos sociais da loucura, elaborando significados e sentidos teóricos que buscam o controle e o exercício do poder sobre a mesma. A loucura segue então sendo inventada e capturada, mas também desliza em meio aos vários arranjos de controle de tais saberes. Saberes e poderes que emergem em determinadas condições de possibilidades discursivas, históricas e sociais e ao serem escavados, mostram-se sob uma configuração complexa de múltiplas forças. Rupturas e linhas de fuga são reveladas dentro desse jogo de forças, demonstrando a incapacidade e a impossibilidade do controle absoluto sobre a loucura. Andarilha, obsidiada, criminilizada, tutelada, medicalizada, hospitalizada, psicoterapeutizada, cuidada, cidadanizada, psicanalizada, indicisciplinada, enfim, inventada de múltiplas formas, ela sempre segue escapando. Enquanto isso, governos prometem; teorias explicam; religiões acalentam; decretos legislam; saberes supõem; mas ela sempre nos mostra a face da incompetência e da própria impotência dos saberes. Buscamos demonstrar ao longo desse nosso texto, essa que talvez seja a grande sabedoria da loucura: demonstrar a fragilidade dos saberes, que plenos de supostos poderes, buscam exercê-los hegemonicamente. Empiricamente buscamos a história local das diversas nomeações que foram inventadas para a loucura em Campina Grande, com suas significações, seus jogos de forças, suas hegemonias temporárias, suas lutas pelo saber-poder. Através de uma triangulação metodológica e de uma ampla gama de fontes de pesquisa, demonstramos a construção histórica e social dos diversos saberes sobre a loucura, suas conexões rizomáticas, bem como toda a relatividade desses saberes e poderes para lidar com ela. Finalmente, buscamos demonstrar através da experiência etnográfica, os riscos que a loucura produz para a ordem estabelecida, em não configurar-se dentro da lógica identitária, bem como a sabedoria que dela transborda por tal condição.