This thesis examines the use of tax incentives to promote foreign direct investment (FDI) in Thailand and the issues arising out of the way in which the Thai revenue system has chosen to implement these incentives. Thailand experiences sporadic political unrest, and has been affected by regional and global economic crises. Since FDI appears to increase economic growth and help the host country to achieve sustainable development, the Thai government has a clear policy to encourage FDI. Tax incentives have become a significant weapon in the Thai government’s arsenal for encouraging this aim. This thesis presents a detailed analysis of the tax incentives and the mechanisms used for their implantation. Analysis reveals that, unfortunately, the Thai government has also chosen to deliver the administration of tax incentives in to the hands of two separate bodies ─ the Revenue Department and the Board of Investment (BOI). This strategy is problematic because it creates unnecessary difficulties and uncertainty in the administration of incentives and promotes confusion among foreign investors. The jurisdictional problems inherent in the system of the dual allocation of tax incentive powers are highlighted in the landmark Minebea case, which involved conflicting interpretations by the Revenue Department and the BOI. In addressing these jurisdictional problems, this thesis examines norm conflict resolution principles in general and the lex specialis in particular, and argues that the Investment Promotion Act of 2001 (IPA 2001), being a special law, and so overrides the more general provisions of the Revenue Code. Two solutions are suggested in order to tackle the current problem: 1) to amend the IPA 2001 to specify methods of tax calculation and clearly define problematic terms and 2) to incorporate the tax incentive provisions provided for BOI-promoted companies into the Revenue Code. This is based on the premise that all tax matters, including tax incentives provisions, should be administered only by the revenue authority, i.e. the Revenue Department.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss and to anticipate the possible impacts Namibia’s New Investment Promotion Act (NIPA) may have on the flow of Foreign Direct Investment into the country. The aim is to highlight the researchers’ view that restrictive laws are harmful and deters investors. She maintains that NIPA be overhauled to create certainty and build investor confidence. Foreign direct investment is a significant part of every economy. It graces hosts with foreign revenue, technical know-how, technological spill overs, job creation, but to mention a few. The researcher also opines that liberal investment policies cannot be attributed to economic stagnation. The greatest evil in Africa is illicit financial flows, prompted by administrative corruption and the more. It is also noted throughout the paper that as Africans we need to focus on the proper implementation of domestic laws to see greater growth. This is where law-makers should direct their creative energies to. Liberal investment regimes are not the problem, but rather the ineffective implementation of those related laws and policies. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Centre for Human Rights / LLM / Unrestricted

The relationship between state sovereignty and investor right is well discussed in academic circles. However, when these concepts are nested with major issues such as investment screening and narrowed in the natural resource sector, the outcome points to the fact that academic conversatiosn on the issues are still embryonic. Indeed, investment treaty arbitration has increasingly come under attack because it has the propensity to elevate investors ahead of host states and afford foreign investors broad investment rights they can invoke and pursue upon minimum regulatory changes. The threat of substantial arbitral award can result in host states not enacting policies, regulations, laws or reaching decisions despite them being needed. This thesis analyses investor-state dispute settlement in Africa with a narrow focus on the natural resource sector and questions the legitimacy of these mechanisms and whether they can strike an appropriate balance between investment screening and state sovereignty and investment protection. secondly the thesis assesses whether investment screening can be deployed the potential conflict between investment screening and and state sovereignty and to ehat extent this conflict resulst in the phenomenon of "regulatory chill". the study concludes on the extent to which investor state arbitration can resiolve the seemingly conflict and offers recommendations.

Diploma thesis is concerning marketing communications and public relations with focus on public sector and practical application as a tool for investments attracting -- in context of the Czech Republic and Investment and Business Development Agency CzechInvest. The main target is to identificate marketing and communication activities, technics and tools for investment promotion with providing of their analysis, evaluation and recommendation of future development. Actual issues like Web site and Corporate Design of agency are examined in detail with focus on recommendation of new strategy.

Assimetrias de informação entre países de acolhimento e de origem das empresas constituem um obstáculo significativo aos fluxos comerciais e de investimento através das fronteiras internacionais, levando a uma importante questão política: como os governos podem ajudar as empresas na redução dessa barreira, auxiliando-as no processo de internacionalização? Diante da enorme concorrência no mercado internacional, nota-se que cada vez um número maior de governos encontra nas Agências de Promoção de Exportação e de Investimento (APEIs) um instrumento para o apoio a competitividade das empresas nacionais no mercado global. O papel das APEIs tem gradualmente influenciado os fluxos de mercadorias e capitais em um contexto cada vez mais dinâmico e competitivo entre empresas e países. Mas qual é o impacto da presença da agência (APEI) nos fluxos de comércio e investimento entre os países? Aspectos institucionais influenciam na atuação da agência? A aprendizagem da APEI em um determinado mercado resulta em maior impacto nos fluxos comerciais entre o país de origem da APEI e o país hospedeiro? Com o intuito de responder a essas questões, construiu-se um banco de dados com informações econômicas e institucionais para o Brasil e mais 220 países entre os anos de 1995 a 2015. Os fluxos comerciais e de investimento entre o Brasil e os demais países são as variáveis dependentes do estudo. Além disso, foram coletados dados de 20 agências de promoção de exportação e investimento atuantes no mercado brasileiro. Para a realização da análise optou-se pela adoção de um estimador de painéis dinâmicos com efeito fixo. A utilização de um modelo dinâmico - com uma variável dependente defasada - foi adotada para reduzir potenciais vieses de variáveis omitidas que houvesse em um modelo estático, uma vez que alguns determinantes dos fluxos podem estar relacionados com a criação das agências. Os resultados mostram que o impacto da presença das agências sobre os fluxos não pode ser ignorado, revelando-se estatisticamente significante para fluxos comerciais e de saída de IDE brasileiro. O efeito da aprendizagem da APEI no país hospedeiro também é significante para os fluxos comerciais do país de origem da agência para o país hospedeiro. Os testes indicam um efeito da presença da agência sobre o impacto da distância cultural e geográfica sobre os fluxos. Há diferença de impacto da agência dependendo de a quem ela esteja subordinada dentro do governo. Apontaram-se as limitações desta tese bem como se destacou sugestões de direcionamento de novas pesquisas com o intuito de progredir no conhecimento e dos fatores que afetam o impacto da presença das APEIs sobre os fluxos entre os países. / Information asymmetry between business\' host and home countries establishes a significant hindrance to trade and investment flows across international borders, leading to an important policy question: How can government help businesses to reduce this barrier by providing supporting in the internationalization process? Due to massive competition in the global market, more and more governments have discovered an instrument to boost the competitiveness of domestic enterprises internationally: the Export and Investment Promotion Agencies (EIPA). In the context of increasing dynamics and competitiveness among companies and countries, EIPA have gradually influenced the flow of goods and capital. However, what is the impact of EIPA\'s presence on trade and investment flows between countries? Do institutional aspects have influence in the agency\'s performing? Do EIPA\'s experiences in a specific market result in a greater impact on trade flows between an EIPA\'s home country and its host countries? In order to answer these questions a database of economic and institutional information from Brazil and other 220 countries between the years 1995 and 2015 was elaborated. Trade and investment flows between Brazil and the corresponding countries are the dependent variables of the study. In addition, data were collected from 20 foreign EIPA, which act in the Brazilian market. An estimator of dynamic panel data with fixed effects was used to conduct the analysis. A dynamic panel data model with a lagged dependent variable was used to reduce potential biases of omitted variables in a static model - since some flow determinants could have been related to the creation of the proper EIPA. The results demonstrate that the impact on the flows caused by the presence of EIPA should not be ignored, once the tests reveal such presence as statistically significant for trade flows and Brazilian FDI output. The learning effect of an EIPA in the host country is also significant for the trade flow from the EIPA\'s home country to the host country. The results prove the effect of such presence, changing the impact of cultural and geographic distance. The effect seems to depend also on the organizational subordination of the EIPA within the government. Limitations of this thesis have been pointed out and future research directions have been suggested in order to enhance the knowledge and understanding of the factors that actually affect the impact of EIPA\'s presence on flows between countries.

Vienas pagrindinių sėkmingos ūkio plėtros veiksnių yra investicijos. Ūkio augimas ilguoju laikotarpiu įmanomas tik kuriant, stiprinant ir išlaikant mūsų ekonomikos tarptautinį konkurencingumą, Lietuva, būdama mažos ir atviros ekonomikos šalimi, yra priklausoma nuo sėkmingų ekonominių santykių su kitomis bendrosios Europos Sąjungos rinkomis ir trečiosiomis šalimis. Šio magistrinio darbo tikslas – nustatyti ir įvertinti investavimo proceso trukdžius ir numačius priemones, leidžiančias pašalinti kliūtis, kurios trukdo pritraukti tiesiogines vidaus ir užsienio investicijas, skatinti Lietuvos verslo plėtrą ir šalies ekonomikos augimą. Magistriniame darbe atliktas veiksmų, skirtų tiesioginių užsienio investicijų pritraukimui, analizė – tyrimas leido nustatyti, kad Lietuva neišnaudoja savo ekonominio potencialo ir pagal ekonominius rodiklius atsilieka nuo savo kaimynių (ypač nuo Estijos). Galima konstatuoti, kad šiuo metu Lietuvoje yra sudarytos palankios sąlygos investuoti į įvairias pramonės ir verslo sritis. Vis dėlto, stokojama motyvacinių, patrauklumą didinančių veiksnių, užtikrinančių, kad būtų imtasi konkrečių veiksmų. Todėl itin svarbu išryškinti veiksnius, kurie, investuotojų nuomone, apsunkina investicijas ir kelia didesnes ar mažesnes problemas. Aptariant veiksnius, lemiančius Lietuvos patrauklumą investicijoms, atkreiptinas dėmesys, jog teigiama ir neigiama TUI įtakos neatsiejamos, ypač joms veikiant šalies ūkyje, pereinančiame nuo planinio prie rinkos ūkio, nes čia... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Investment is one of the major factors determining successful development of an economy. In the long term, economic growth is achievable only fostering, strengthening and maintaining economic competitiveness on the international scale. Lithuania with its small and open economy is dependent on the successful economic ties with the European Union single market and the third countries. This Master thesis aims at identifying and assessing the impediments to investment process and providing for the measures allowing to remove the obstacles encountered when attracting direct domestic and foreign investment, and to encourage the development of the Lithuanian business and growth of the national economy. The Master thesis includes the analysis research of actions aimed at attracting direct foreign investment, allowing to conclude that Lithuania does not exploit its economic potential and is lagging behind its neighbours (in particular Estonia) according to economic indicators. It is possible to state that at the moment Lithuania has favourable conditions for investment into various areas of industry and business. However, there is a lack of motivation and appeal ensuring concrete actions to be taken. Therefore, it is essential to single out the factors, which frustrate investment and pose more or less serious problems in the opinion of investors. When examining the factors determining Lithuania’s attractiveness for investment, note should be taken of the interrelation between... [to full text]

Assimetrias de informação entre países de acolhimento e de origem das empresas constituem um obstáculo significativo aos fluxos comerciais e de investimento através das fronteiras internacionais, levando a uma importante questão política: como os governos podem ajudar as empresas na redução dessa barreira, auxiliando-as no processo de internacionalização? Diante da enorme concorrência no mercado internacional, nota-se que cada vez um número maior de governos encontra nas Agências de Promoção de Exportação e de Investimento (APEIs) um instrumento para o apoio a competitividade das empresas nacionais no mercado global. O papel das APEIs tem gradualmente influenciado os fluxos de mercadorias e capitais em um contexto cada vez mais dinâmico e competitivo entre empresas e países. Mas qual é o impacto da presença da agência (APEI) nos fluxos de comércio e investimento entre os países? Aspectos institucionais influenciam na atuação da agência? A aprendizagem da APEI em um determinado mercado resulta em maior impacto nos fluxos comerciais entre o país de origem da APEI e o país hospedeiro? Com o intuito de responder a essas questões, construiu-se um banco de dados com informações econômicas e institucionais para o Brasil e mais 220 países entre os anos de 1995 a 2015. Os fluxos comerciais e de investimento entre o Brasil e os demais países são as variáveis dependentes do estudo. Além disso, foram coletados dados de 20 agências de promoção de exportação e investimento atuantes no mercado brasileiro. Para a realização da análise optou-se pela adoção de um estimador de painéis dinâmicos com efeito fixo. A utilização de um modelo dinâmico - com uma variável dependente defasada - foi adotada para reduzir potenciais vieses de variáveis omitidas que houvesse em um modelo estático, uma vez que alguns determinantes dos fluxos podem estar relacionados com a criação das agências. Os resultados mostram que o impacto da presença das agências sobre os fluxos não pode ser ignorado, revelando-se estatisticamente significante para fluxos comerciais e de saída de IDE brasileiro. O efeito da aprendizagem da APEI no país hospedeiro também é significante para os fluxos comerciais do país de origem da agência para o país hospedeiro. Os testes indicam um efeito da presença da agência sobre o impacto da distância cultural e geográfica sobre os fluxos. Há diferença de impacto da agência dependendo de a quem ela esteja subordinada dentro do governo. Apontaram-se as limitações desta tese bem como se destacou sugestões de direcionamento de novas pesquisas com o intuito de progredir no conhecimento e dos fatores que afetam o impacto da presença das APEIs sobre os fluxos entre os países. / Information asymmetry between business\' host and home countries establishes a significant hindrance to trade and investment flows across international borders, leading to an important policy question: How can government help businesses to reduce this barrier by providing supporting in the internationalization process? Due to massive competition in the global market, more and more governments have discovered an instrument to boost the competitiveness of domestic enterprises internationally: the Export and Investment Promotion Agencies (EIPA). In the context of increasing dynamics and competitiveness among companies and countries, EIPA have gradually influenced the flow of goods and capital. However, what is the impact of EIPA\'s presence on trade and investment flows between countries? Do institutional aspects have influence in the agency\'s performing? Do EIPA\'s experiences in a specific market result in a greater impact on trade flows between an EIPA\'s home country and its host countries? In order to answer these questions a database of economic and institutional information from Brazil and other 220 countries between the years 1995 and 2015 was elaborated. Trade and investment flows between Brazil and the corresponding countries are the dependent variables of the study. In addition, data were collected from 20 foreign EIPA, which act in the Brazilian market. An estimator of dynamic panel data with fixed effects was used to conduct the analysis. A dynamic panel data model with a lagged dependent variable was used to reduce potential biases of omitted variables in a static model - since some flow determinants could have been related to the creation of the proper EIPA. The results demonstrate that the impact on the flows caused by the presence of EIPA should not be ignored, once the tests reveal such presence as statistically significant for trade flows and Brazilian FDI output. The learning effect of an EIPA in the host country is also significant for the trade flow from the EIPA\'s home country to the host country. The results prove the effect of such presence, changing the impact of cultural and geographic distance. The effect seems to depend also on the organizational subordination of the EIPA within the government. Limitations of this thesis have been pointed out and future research directions have been suggested in order to enhance the knowledge and understanding of the factors that actually affect the impact of EIPA\'s presence on flows between countries.

Magister Legum - LLM

No description available.

Risikopolitischer Investitionsschutz nimmt zur Förderung von ausländischen Direktinvestitionen (ADI) in Entwicklungsländern eine wichtige Funktion ein. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert unterschiedliche Investitionsschutzinstrumente im internationalen Kapitalverkehr. Hierbei werden Schwerpunkte auf öffentliche Investitionsgarantien und -versicherungen gelegt, wobei das Instrumentarium der Multilateralen Investitions-Garantie-Agentur (MIGA) als Institution der Weltbankgruppe sowie das der Bundesrepublik Deutschland aufgrund ihrer führenden Stellungen als vorrangige Analysegegenstände dienen. Nach einer fundierten Darstellung der Versicherungssysteme werden diese miteinander verglichen. Ferner werden die MIGA und die Investitionsgarantien des Bundes hinsichtlich ihrer Mehrwerte und Grenzen untersucht. Unter Einbeziehung auch kritischer Aspekte zeigt die Arbeit Handlungsperspektive für die Versicherungssysteme auf, um ADI in Entwicklungsländern verstärkt zu fördern.