A high concentration of automotive industry in the Czech economy and its dependence on exports to Germany could be compared to a poorly diversified investment portfolio. At the time when the manual-labor-intensive industries move to countries with a lower labor costs and even stable German economy is losing pace of growth, it is necessary to consider how to support the competitiveness of the Czech economy and ensure sustainable economic growth. The work deals with the question whether a greater focus on the financial sector and with a strong collective investment market may be a possible solution. Author seeks to find the answer thru analysis of this industry and its impact on the domestic economy of the countries with the largest collective investment fund market. The analysis did not prove the initial assumption that the intensive development of the collective investment market in the country will significantly help to grow HPD. However, given the strong correlation between the volume of assets under management and HPD some kind of connection cannot be excluded. A multiplying effect on the other industries is only average, on the other hand the analysis of the competitiveness indicators showed the strength of the industry.

[pt] Usualmente as avaliações de desempenho de fundos de investimento utilizam os índices tradicionais de desempenho, baseados na normalidade dos retornos. Por ter como base a normalidade de retornos, esses índices tradicionais ignoram as informações contidas nos momentos de ordem superior da distribuição. Embora a teoria clássica de Markowitz (1952) seja considerada de fácil aplicação e eficiente na composição dos ativos das carteiras de investimento, as complicações aparecem quando os ativos apresentam distribuições notoriamente não normais. Recentemente, diversos autores vêm propondo medidas de risco-retorno (conhecidas também como medidas de desempenho) mais consistentes com a distribuição esperada de ganhos observada na prática, isto é, distribuições não normais. Entre elas, a medida Ômega , apresentada por Keating e Shadwick (2002), que leva em conta não apenas os primeiros momentos da distribuição dos retornos dos ativos (média e variância), mas todo o formato da distribuição para avaliar seu risco. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é comparar algumas medidas tradicionais de avaliação de performance de fundos de investimento, no mercado brasileiro, com o Índice Ômega. Para isso, será verificado se os rankings de desempenho dos fundos de investimento no Brasil, dado por estas medidas, são diferentes. No presente trabalho, os parâmetros são calculados consistentemente através dos modelos apropriados, após verificação da não-estacionariedade das séries dos retornos dos fundos de investimentos. / [en] Usually, the performance evaluation of investment funds uses traditional indices of performance, based on the normality of returns. Because it is based on the normality of returns, these traditional indexes ignore the information contained in higher order moments of the distribution. Although the classical theory of Markowitz (1952) is considered easy to use and efficient in the composition of the assets of investment portfolios, complications arise when assets have markedly non-normal distributions. Recently, several authors have proposed measures of risk-return (also known as performance measures) more consistent with the expected distribution of gains observed in practice, that is, non-normal distributions. Among them, the Omega measure, by Keating and Shadwick (2002), which takes into account not only the first moments of the distribution of asset returns (mean and variance), but the whole shape of the distribution to evaluate its risk. The main objective of this study is to compare some traditional measures of performance evaluation of investment funds in the Brazilian market, with the Omega index. This paper will verify if the performance rankings of mutual funds in Brazil, given by these measures are different. In this study, the parameters are calculated consistently through appropriate models, after the verification of the non-stationarity of the series of returns of investment funds.

[pt] Esse estudo analisa o desempenho dos fundos de investimento socialmente responsáveis no mercado brasileiro em relação aos fundos não sustentáveis. O intuito do estudo se baseia na análise da relação de empresas que compõe os fundos de investimentos e a rentabilidade de sua carteira. Os dados de estudo para realização da pesquisa foram obtidos na base de dados da Morningstar. A análise abrange 324 fundos de investimento no Brasil. Esse total é composto por 134 fundos de Investimentos ESG no Brasil com Morningstar Sustainability Rating High e 190 fundos de Investimentos ESG no Brasil com Morningstar Sustainability Rating Low. O período analisado foi de 3 anos (Agosto/2018 a Outubro/2021). Depois de separados os fundos de investimento, calculou-se a média mensal dos fundos analisados. Com as médias obtidas realizou-se um Teste-t de duas amostras em par para médias. O nível de significância usado foi de alfa 0,05. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a média para fundos high é de 1,17 e a média para fundos Low é de 1,33. Pode-se concluir que o desempenho dos fundos de investimento ESG é menor do que o desempenho dos fundos de investimento não sustentáveis no Brasil. Além disso não existe diferença estatisticamente significante entre as médias das duas amostras de rentabilidade dos fundos High e Low . / [en] This study analyzes the performance of socially responsible investment funds in the Brazilian market in relation to non-sustainable funds. The purpose of the study is based on the analysis of the relationship of companies that make up the investment funds and the profitability of their portfolio. The study data for the research were obtained from the Morningstar database. The analysis covers 324 investment funds in Brazil. This total consists of 134 ESG Investment funds in Brazil with Morningstar Sustainability Rating High and 190 ESG Investment funds in Brazil with Morningstar Sustainability Rating Low. The period analyzed was 3 years (August/2018 to October/2021). After separating the investment funds, the monthly average of the funds analyzed was calculated. With the averages obtained, a t-test of two samples in pair for means was performed. The significance level used was alpha 0.05. The results obtained show that the average for High funds is 1.17 and the average for Low funds is 1.33. It can be concluded that the performance of ESG investment funds is lower than the performance of non-sustainable investment funds in Brazil. In addition, there is no statistically significant difference between the averages of the two profitability samples of the High and Low funds.

Types of investment funds from the point of view of positive law The purpose of my thesis is to present a comprehensive view on differences and possibilities of particular types of investment funds from the point of view of positive law. The main aim of the thesis is to contrast these differences and possibilities with other types. The first chapter deals with basic issues of investment funds. The aim of this chapter is to look at investment fund as an institution especially from a fundamental economic perspective and come through into its economic nature. Furthermore the chapter contain description of main benefits of mutual funds as compared with the individual investment, draws attention to the problem of conflicts of interest and contains the basic classification of investment funds. The aim of the second chapter is to describe in basic features development of legal framework of investment funds in Czech Republic in the light of Act on Investment Companies and Investment Funds from early beginnings to current. With regard to the scope of respective law, focuses the chapter mainly on applicability, structure, legal forms and on some chosen questions. Content of the third chapter is brief treatise about legal term of investment fund. Next chapters focus on organizational forms and other division...

[pt] O universo de hedge funds cresce a taxas aceleradas no Brasil já há alguns anos e vem, à medida que os juros caem, conquistando investidores que restringiam suas aplicações à renda fixa tradicional. Um outro segmento da indústria financeira vem a reboque, são os fundos de fundos. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma metodologia quantitativa para auxiliar na construção de portfólios de fundos de fundos que vai além do tradicional modelo de médiavariância. Será incluída uma terceira variável na avaliação dos portfólios, o risco de liquidez. Para isso, será usado como base o estudo Dyanmics of the Hedge Fund Industry do Professor Andrew W. Lo do MIT Sloan School of Management (2005). A indústria de hedge funds será dividida em diversos segmentos em função das estratégias utilizadas e em seguida, avaliaremos quais as combinações de estratégias oferecem a melhor relação Risco, Retorno e Liquidez para o investidor. / [en] During the recent years, hedge funds in Brazil experienced an incredible increase in assets under management. Many investors are changing their asset allocation, migrating from fixed income to hedge funds. With this movement, another segment of the same industry will flourish: Funds of funds. This work main objective is to propose a methodology to help on the portfolio construction of funds of funds based not only on the relationship return and risk, but including a new parameter, liquidity. This work is based on the study Dynamics of the Hedge Fund Industry by Professor Andrew W. Lo from the MIT Sloan School of Management (2005). In order to do so, the Brazilian hedge fund industry will be divided based on the strategies used on their investments, and then an optimization process will sort out the portfolios that offer the best Return, Risk and Liquidity combination for investors.

O crescimento, a integração e as regulamentações dos mercados mundiais, bem como as mudanças nas políticas e economias internacionais têm aumentado as oportunidades de investimento nos mercados globais. Com o aquecimento econômico brasileiro, diversas empresas construtoras e incorporadoras iniciaram a atividade de abertura de capital, impulsionando a consolidação e o crescimento do mercado imobiliário brasileiro. O fluxo de capital externo no mercado brasileiro de Edifícios de Escritório para Locação (EEL) pode ser intensificado se forem oferecidas alternativas de investimento em portfolios dispersos, compreendendo um conjunto dinâmico de ativos imobiliários, sendo possível comprar e vender, para renovar ou para potencializar o desempenho do investimento. A regulamentação brasileira aderente a tal estruturação de investimento é a dos Fundos de Investimento em Participações (FIP) através da formação de um portfolio de participações em SPE (Sociedade de Propósito Exclusivo) ancoradas em Edifícios de Escritório, que possibilita a participação no processo decisório da sociedade investida com efetiva influência na definição das políticas estratégicas e na gestão. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo tomar conclusões sobre a qualidade e os riscos da diversificação do investimento estrangeiro no mercado de EEL na cidade de São Paulo através da estrutura dos FIP, utilizando como referência de atratividade os parâmetros de comportamento dos office REITs (Real Estate Investment Trust) no mercado dos Estados Unidos. A atratividade do investimento estrangeiro no portfolio de EEL foi sustentada através da comparação dos indicadores da qualidade do investimento extraídos da simulação com um protótipo de FIP com base em quatro parâmetros: diversificação do portfolio, rentabilidade descontado o Risco-País, rentabilidade dos office REITs e binômio [risco x retorno] através do índice Sharpe. / The growth, integration and regulation of world markets, and changes in international policies and economies, have resulted in increased investment opportunities in global markets. With the upturn of the Brazilian economy, several construction and development companies have gone public, further boosting the consolidation and growth of the Brazilian real estate market. The inflow of foreign capital into the Brazilian office market can be further intensified if choices are offered for investing in separate portfolios comprising dynamic sets of property assets, allowing investors to buy or sell whenever they wish to renew their investment or maximize its performance. The Brazilian regulation adherent to such investment structure is the Fundos de Investimento em Participações (FIP) which is based on a portfolio of shares of SPC (Special Purpose Company) whose assets are office buildings, and allows investors to take part in the companies decision-making process, actually influencing strategic policy formulation and management practices. The purpose of this dissertation is to draw conclusions about the advantages and risks of the diversification of foreign investments in the office market of São Paulo city through FIP using as reference for attractiveness the parameters of the US markets office Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). The attractiveness of office buildings portfolio to foreign investors was evidenced by comparing investment quality indicators obtained from a simulation with an FIP, based on four parameters: portfolio diversification, return discounted country risk, office REIT return and the risk-return analyzed through the Sharpe ratio.

La crise du marché obligataire européen en 2007 a marqué les limites du fonctionnementdu modèle de tenue de marché et de liquidité obligataire urbi et orbi. Un marchéobligataire caractérisé par le surendettement des émetteurs, l’institutionnalisation desinvestisseurs et une interconnexion généralisée, mène à de brutales dislocations en lieu etplace d’ajustements par fluctuation des prix. Les conséquences potentiellement létales decet état disruptif pour les agents économiques justifient de repenser les stratégiesrespectives de ses principaux acteurs : les banques et leur rôle de liquidité, les assureurset les fonds d’investissements. C’est aussi un moment privilégié pour s’interroger sur lesraisons de l’absence des ménages dont l’épargne n’atteint qu’indirectement le marchéobligataire, et d’emprunteurs n’ayant pas accès au marché mais seulement aux banquespour se financer. L’étude confronte les caractéristiques propres à chaque intervenant aveccette dynamique interactive, avec un regard particulier sur l’action inédite de la Banquecentrale et sur la production réglementaire relative à chacun des acteurs du marché. Nostravaux concluent sur la nécessité d’un nouveau paradigme qui renonce à la liquidité perse. La dette publique, grâce aux interventions de la Banque centrale et à la réglementationBâle 3, conserve la liquidité et devient le pré carré des banques. Banques qui devront,pour le financement de l’économie privée, jouer un nouveau rôle, à travers un modèle decofinancement avec les autres investisseurs, et élargi à de nouveaux emprunteurs. Laliquidité se retire là où elle n’est plus nécessaire, et avec elle une part du risquesystémique. / The crisis of the European bond market in 2007 marked the limits of market making andbond liquidity urbi et orbi. A bond market characterized by the over-indebtedness of theissuers, the institutionalization of the investors and a generalized interconnection betweenagents, lead to brutal dislocations instead of adjustments by fluctuation in prices.Potentially lethal consequences of this disruptive state for the economic agents justifyreconsidering the respective strategies of its principal actors: banks and their role ofliquidity, insurers and investments funds. It is also a privileged moment to wonder aboutthe reasons of the absence of the households whose saving reaches only indirectly thebond market, and borrowers not having access to the market but only to the banks, to befinanced. The study confronts the characteristics of each agent with these interactivedynamics, emphasizing on the new action of the central Bank and on the regulationrelated to each actor of the market. Our work concludes on the need of a new paradigmwhich gives up the liquidity per se . The public debt, which preserves liquidity thanks tocentral Bank action and Basel regulation, becomes the corner of the banks. Banks, whichwill have for the financing of the private economy, to play a new role, through a model ofco-financing with the other investors, and widened to new borrowers. The liquidity iswithdrawn where it is not necessary any more, and with it disappears part of the systemicrisk

Submitted by Raphaela Gonzalez (rapha_gonzalez@hotmail.com) on 2014-07-12T16:23:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoFinal_Raphaela Mattos Gonzalez.pdf: 1541052 bytes, checksum: b7f9c9703d19dccdefcd3088e7ec75df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by BRUNA BARROS (bruna.barros@fgv.br) on 2014-08-07T19:03:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoFinal_Raphaela Mattos Gonzalez.pdf: 1541052 bytes, checksum: b7f9c9703d19dccdefcd3088e7ec75df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-08-15T12:43:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoFinal_Raphaela Mattos Gonzalez.pdf: 1541052 bytes, checksum: b7f9c9703d19dccdefcd3088e7ec75df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-15T12:49:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoFinal_Raphaela Mattos Gonzalez.pdf: 1541052 bytes, checksum: b7f9c9703d19dccdefcd3088e7ec75df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / The paper’s goal is test the instutional hypothesis for brazilian stocks momentum. We 'construct' a measure of demand shocks to individual stocks in the following steps: estimate the part of the mutual fund trading that is associated with capital flow; followed by the computation of the expected flow; and, finally, aggregate the expected flow induced trading across all mutual funds. As conclusion, we found that expected flow induced trading partially explains momentum in more liquid stocks. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo testar a hipótese institucional do momento nas ações brasileiras. Para isto, construímos uma medida de choques de demanda às ações individuais, de acordo com as seguinte etapas: estimamos a parte da transação das ações que ocorre em resposta aos fluxos dos fundos de investimento, em seguida calculamos o fluxo esperado e por fim, agregamos a transação induzida pelo fluxo esperado entre todos os fundos. Encontramos que o fluxo dos fundos, ou mais especificamente a transação induzida pelo fluxo futuro esperado explica parcialmente o momento das ações mais líquidas.

O crescimento, a integração e as regulamentações dos mercados mundiais, bem como as mudanças nas políticas e economias internacionais têm aumentado as oportunidades de investimento nos mercados globais. Com o aquecimento econômico brasileiro, diversas empresas construtoras e incorporadoras iniciaram a atividade de abertura de capital, impulsionando a consolidação e o crescimento do mercado imobiliário brasileiro. O fluxo de capital externo no mercado brasileiro de Edifícios de Escritório para Locação (EEL) pode ser intensificado se forem oferecidas alternativas de investimento em portfolios dispersos, compreendendo um conjunto dinâmico de ativos imobiliários, sendo possível comprar e vender, para renovar ou para potencializar o desempenho do investimento. A regulamentação brasileira aderente a tal estruturação de investimento é a dos Fundos de Investimento em Participações (FIP) através da formação de um portfolio de participações em SPE (Sociedade de Propósito Exclusivo) ancoradas em Edifícios de Escritório, que possibilita a participação no processo decisório da sociedade investida com efetiva influência na definição das políticas estratégicas e na gestão. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo tomar conclusões sobre a qualidade e os riscos da diversificação do investimento estrangeiro no mercado de EEL na cidade de São Paulo através da estrutura dos FIP, utilizando como referência de atratividade os parâmetros de comportamento dos office REITs (Real Estate Investment Trust) no mercado dos Estados Unidos. A atratividade do investimento estrangeiro no portfolio de EEL foi sustentada através da comparação dos indicadores da qualidade do investimento extraídos da simulação com um protótipo de FIP com base em quatro parâmetros: diversificação do portfolio, rentabilidade descontado o Risco-País, rentabilidade dos office REITs e binômio [risco x retorno] através do índice Sharpe. / The growth, integration and regulation of world markets, and changes in international policies and economies, have resulted in increased investment opportunities in global markets. With the upturn of the Brazilian economy, several construction and development companies have gone public, further boosting the consolidation and growth of the Brazilian real estate market. The inflow of foreign capital into the Brazilian office market can be further intensified if choices are offered for investing in separate portfolios comprising dynamic sets of property assets, allowing investors to buy or sell whenever they wish to renew their investment or maximize its performance. The Brazilian regulation adherent to such investment structure is the Fundos de Investimento em Participações (FIP) which is based on a portfolio of shares of SPC (Special Purpose Company) whose assets are office buildings, and allows investors to take part in the companies decision-making process, actually influencing strategic policy formulation and management practices. The purpose of this dissertation is to draw conclusions about the advantages and risks of the diversification of foreign investments in the office market of São Paulo city through FIP using as reference for attractiveness the parameters of the US markets office Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). The attractiveness of office buildings portfolio to foreign investors was evidenced by comparing investment quality indicators obtained from a simulation with an FIP, based on four parameters: portfolio diversification, return discounted country risk, office REIT return and the risk-return analyzed through the Sharpe ratio.

The main goal of the thesis Taxation of Investment Funds"is to describe the taxation of investment funds in the Czech Republic and to evaluate the changes proposed by CVCA and AKAT in the field of taxation of private equity funds. To achieve this goal an analysis of the current system of taxation of investment funds in the Czech Republic, proposed changes and deductions was used. The partial objectives are: describe possibilities for investing in funds, define the functioning of private equity in the Czech Republic, analyse the dependence of private equity investments on selected macroeconomic indicators, and describe the taxation of investment funds in Luxembourg and define how the PE fund taxation is disadvantageous to direct investment. In order to meet the partial objectives, the analysis of the private equity investment system, the correlation analysis of selected macroeconomic indicators and investments in private equity funds, and a description of the method of taxation of private equity funds in Luxembourg will be used. In general, when designing changes in the taxation of private equity funds, it would be advisable to draw inspiration from already established workable systems in other countries, such as Luxembourg.