The issue of anti-Semitism in John Adams’s 1991 opera, The Death of Klinghoffer, has been widely discussed by scholars such as Richard Taruskin, Robert Fink, and others. For instance, Taruskin asserts that Adams favors the Palestinians through musical grandiosity and by describing them as “men of ideals.” However, this fails to consider the possibility that Adams intended to portray an evenhanded view of diverse religious groups. Through close readings of the libretto and select numbers from Klinghoffer, such as the “Chorus of Exiled Palestinians,” the “Chorus of Exiled Jews,” and the “Aria of the Falling Body,” my thesis maintains that Adams treats both sides equally. Although he depicts each group differently through a contrasting approach to text, orchestration, and texture, he nevertheless does not favor one group over the other. Additionally, a close reading of the “Aria of the Falling Body” provides Adams’s possible solution to this conflict – reconciliation between religious communities. Adams does so through portraying Leon Klinghoffer as a scapegoat. This aria is sung by Leon Klinghoffer’s body after he is sacrificed by the Palestinian hijackers – his sacrifice ensured the safety of the remaining passengers on board. Adams thus presents Klinghoffer as religious commentary – not only by vividly depicting the warring religious communities – but also by offering a solution to a centuries-old conflict.

Bachs orgelpartita ”Sei gegrüsset” har tillkommit stegvis under en mycket lång tidsperiod, kanske under flera decennier. Bach kom i kontakt med orgelpartian som konstform som mycket ung under sin studietid i Lüneburg. Han inspirerades då av sin lärare Georg Böhm. Koralpartitan fungerade ofta som ”meditative Hausmusik”. De två tyska koralerna ”Sei gegrüsset, Jesu gütig” och ”O Jesu, du edle Gabe” har samma melodi men olika text och olika antal textverser. Det är en omdiskuterad fråga om det genom textanalys och musikalisk analys går att knyta ”Sei gegrüssets” elva olika variationer och deras musikaliska innehåll till bestämda textverser i någon av koralerna ”Sei gegrüsset, Jesu gütig” eller ”O Jesu, du edle Gabe”. I arbetet beskrivs dessa försök. Författaren drar slutsatsen att det antagligen inte är möjligt att besvara denna fråga på ett godtagbart säkert sätt. Författaren resonerar kring huruvida Bach i ”Sei gegrüsset” har påverkats av fransk orgelmusik från barocken, exempel genom förekomsten av följande inslag: ”Basse de Trompette”, 12/8-takt, femstämmig plenum-sats, sarabandsats och ornamentik. I ett avsnitt analyserar författaren de elva variationerna kompositionstekniskt och anlägger personliga interpretationsförslag utifrån bland annat affekt och stil. / <p>J.S. Bach: Koralpartita för orgel "Sei gegrüsset, Jesu gütig", BWV 768. </p><p>Organist: Martin Agell </p><p>Ljudfil från Oscarskyrkan 2021: "Sei gegrüsset" i KMH DiVA.</p>

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Thesis (MMus) -- University of Stellenbosch , 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In his lifetime Reger was under constant pressure to prove his musical abilities as a composer. With their subjective opinions numerous critics systematically damaged his reputation. In this thesis the focus will be on the Bach- Variations op. 81, a work that probably contributed mostly to the extensive polemic around Reger's style, but also a work that shows his uniqueness and importance as a composer. Op. 81 is a large-scale work that, in my opinion, is unfairly underestimated. This may be due to the fact that it has not yet gained its rightful place in the repertoire. The purpose of my study is to make a positive contribution that hopefully can lead to greater appreciation of Reger and his music. The thesis starts by shedding light on Reger's complex personality and overall living circumstances, as well as on the situation of composition in the early 20th century. It partly consists of a shortened biography, followed by a commentary on the Bach- Variations. Finally a comparison is made between the autograph of op. 81, the printed proof copy (1904), the first edition in 1904, and the Complete Works edition of 1959. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In sy eie lewe moes Reger deurgaans veg sodat sy musiek deur die publiek aanvaar kon word. Kritici het met hul subjektiewe menings redelike skade berokken, wat die ontwikkeling van sy reputasie as komponis bemoeilik het. In hierdie tesis word daar gefokus op Reger se Bach- Variasies op. 81, 'n werk wat miskien meer as enige andere bygedra het tot die groot polemiek rondom Reger se styl, maar ook 'n werk wat sy uniekheid en waardigheid as komponis sou bewerkstellig. Op. 81 is 'n grootskaalse werk, wat volgens my mening onderskat word. Miskien is dit weens die feit dat dit nie genoeg bekendheid verwerf het tot op hede nie. Die doel van my studie is dus om 'n positiewe bydrae te maak wat hopelik kan lei tot groter waardering vir Reger en sy musiek. Die tesis begin deur lig te werp op Reger se komplekse persoonlikheid en algemene lewensomstandighede, asook op die stand van komposisie in die vroee jare van die 20ste eeu. Dit bestaan dus deels uit 'n verkorte biografie, gevolg deur 'n bespreking van die Bach- Variasies. Ten slotte word daar 'n vergelyking getref tussen die op. 81-outograaf, die gedrukte proefkopie (1904), die eerste druk in 1904, en die volledige uitgawe van 1959.

Submitted by Paulo Cesar Martelli (movimentoviolao@gmail.com) on 2018-04-13T01:51:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL PAULO MARTELLI..pdf: 8173770 bytes, checksum: e47345c4eb00fdbdb398f6788eaebae4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Laura Mariane de Andrade null (laura.andrade@ia.unesp.br) on 2018-04-13T20:04:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martelli_pc_dr_ia.pdf: 8173770 bytes, checksum: e47345c4eb00fdbdb398f6788eaebae4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-13T20:04:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martelli_pc_dr_ia.pdf: 8173770 bytes, checksum: e47345c4eb00fdbdb398f6788eaebae4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente tese discute as contribuições da retórica musical nos processos de transcrição do repertório solista do compositor alemão J. S. Bach (1685-1750) para o violão de onze cordas, no inglês, alto-guitar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa alinhada aos fundamentos da Musicologia Histórica, que resulta em uma série de transcrições, concertos e gravações historicamente orientadas. Entre os referenciais teóricos adotados estão os autores basilares da Musicologia Histórica, como Harnoncourt (1989), Kermann (1987), Yates (2013) e Bartel (1997), além dos autores brasileiros Nogueira (2011), Souto (2015) e Cardoso (2015). Dos aspectos metodológicos, pode-se classificar esta pesquisa como documental, de cunho bibliográfico. No segundo momento, realizou-se uma análise comparativa entre obras barrocas. Este estudo se justifica por contribuir para as discussões acerca do violão de onze cordas, até hoje pouco explorado acadêmica e artisticamente. Podemos citar também a necessidade de ampliação do repertório para este instrumento, além do incremento às possibilidades de pesquisas a respeito do violão de onze cordas. Buscamos com isso aplicar princípios da retórica musical barroca na elaboração de uma performance musical sobre o repertório alemão do século XVIII. O estudo sobre a obra de J. S. Bach, a partir dos elementos retórico-musicais, deram subsídios para melhor compreensão de seus processos composicionais, e à aquisição de ferramentas teóricas norteadoras dos processos de transcrição do repertório barroco. O concerto da defesa de tese apresenta a transcrição para violão de onze cordas da Suite II para Violoncelo de J. S. Bach. A presente pesquisa teve como resultado final a gravação de um CD e de um DVD, nos quais apresento diversas obras barrocas transcritas para violão de onze cordas, sob a perspectiva da performance historicamente orientada. / This thesis discusses the contributions o f musical rhetoric in the transcription processes of the solo repertoire composed by J. S. Bach (1685- 1750) for the eleven-string guitar, or alto- guitar. It is a research based on the grounds of Hi storical Musicology, which results in a series of historically oriented transcriptions, concerts and recordings. Among the theoretical references adopted, we utilized the fundamental authors of His torical Musicology, such as Harnoncourt (1989), Kermann (1987), Yates (2013) and Bartel (1997), bes ides Brazilian authors Nogueira (2011), Souto (2015) and Cardoso (2015). In terms of methodology, one can classify this research as documentary, of bibliographic character. In a secon d moment, we realized a comparative analysis between baroque works. This study is justified by i ts contribution to the discussions about the alto-guitar, until now insufficiently explored acad emically and artistically. We can also cite the nee d to expand the repertoire for this instrument, as we ll as to increase the possibilities for research on alto-guitar. We seek to apply principles of baroque musical rhetoric in the elaboration of a musical performance on the German repertoire of the eightee nth century. The study of the work of J. S. Bach, from the rhetoric-musical elements, gave subs idies for a better understanding of its compositional processes, and the acquisition of the oretical tools guiding the processes of transcription of the baroque repertoire. The thesis defense concert features the transcription for alto-guitar from Cello Suite II by J. S. Bach. The present research resulted in the recording of a CD and a DVD, in which I present several Baroque works transcribed for the alto-guitar, from the perspective of historically oriented performance.

Une première partie, après l’introduction, est consacrée aux deux passions de Jean-Sébastien Bach, la musique et la théologie-à l’héritage européen du compositeur, tant au point de vue musical que théologique. La seconde partie s’attache à l’analyse d’œuvres de Bach. La cantate Christ lag in Todesbanden a une place essentielle dans la liturgie protestante. Le compositeur reprend les versets du cantique du même nom écrit par Luther. L’attachement du Réformateur est viscéral pour le mystère de la Rédemption et son instrument, la Croix. Jean-Sébastien Bach éprouve la même adoration pour le Christ supplicié, mais il insiste fortement sur l’aspect lumineux de l’autre mystère du Christ, la Résurrection. La cantate Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis introduit le dialogue entre l’âme et Jésus qui laisse pressentir les futures consolations réservées à l’âme qui s’interroge sur l’abandon de Dieu. Une atmosphère de joie débordante en finale de l’œuvre avec jeu de timbales affirme la confiance en Dieu. Matthäus-Passion se termine certes par le repos serein du Christ dans le tombeau, mais la Passacaille, la Messe d’orgue du Klavierübung III soulignent l’hommage au Christ triomphant de la Mort, en accord avec les deux autres personnes de la Trinité. Une troisième partie montre que certaines œuvres dites profanes ont un caractère religieux. On retrouve la symbolique du Christ et du Dieu trine dans des fugues du Clavier bien tempéré. La théologie de la Croix de Luther est suivie par la théologie de la Gloire dans l’œuvre de Bach comme chez les théologiens scolastiques / A first part, after the introduction, is devoted to the two passions of Johann Sebastian Bach, music and theology-to the European heritage of the composer, from a musical as well as a theological. The second part sticks to the analysis of works of Bach. The Cantata BWV4 Christ lag in Todesbanden has an essential place in the Protestant liturgy. The composer takes up again the verses of the canticle of the same name written by Luther. The attachment of the Reformer to the mystery of Redemption and its instrument the Cross is deep-rooted. Johann Sebastian Bach feels the same worship for Christ executed, but he strongly insists on the luminous aspect of the other mystery of Christ, the Resurrection. The Cantata BWV21 Ich hatte viel Bekümmernis introduces the dialogue between the heart and Jesus which gives a feeling of the future divine consolations reserved for the soul wondering about God's abandonment. An atmosphere of overflowing joy in the finale of the work with a play of trumpets asserts confidence in God. Saint Matthew's Passion certainly ends with the serene rest of Christ in the sepulchre, but the Passacaglia in C minor, and the Mass Organ part of Clavierübung III underline homage to Christ triumphing over Death, in harmony with the other two persons of the Holy Trinity. A third part shows that some profane works have a religious character. One finds the symbolism of Christ and the triune God in Fugues from the Well-Tempered Clavier. Luther’s theology of the Cross is followed by the theology of Glory in the work of Bach, as with the Scholastic theologians

Ferruccio Busoni (1866-1924) has a firmly established reputation as one of the giant pianists of his age, yet his compositions are largely neglected both in musicological circles and on the concert stage. A better understanding of his thought processes might lead to a greater appreciation of his art, and the acknowledgement of his reverence for the music of Bach is an important key to such an understanding. Busoni's Fantasia nach Bach and Toccata, although two decidedly dissimilar compositions in terms of purpose and conception, represent two manifestations of Busoni's respect for Bach, whether it be in the form of assimilating Bach's compositions into one of his own, or by creating an original work to the same mold as some of Bach's works.

The problem with, which this thesis is concerned is that of analyzing and comparing the fugal writing and contrapuntal style of J. S. Bach in the fugue expositions of The Well-Tempered Clavier and that of Paul Hindemith in the fugue expositions of the Ludus Tonalis. This comparison is made on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the fugal expositions both collections of fugues mentioned ( The Well-Tempered by Bach and the Ludus Tonalis by Hindemith). Chapter I includes a discussion of the careers and compositional techniques of Bach and Hindemith. An emphasis is placed on a comparison of Bach's fugal writing with that of his immediate predecessors (composers of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries who were writing in the fugal style) and on a comparison Of Hindemith's theory of tonality, as expressed in The Craft of Musical Composition, with that of the traditional harmonic concept of Bach's day. Chapter II deals with the evolution of the fugal concept. In this chapter, imitative forms of composition which gradually evolved toward the fugue are traced from their very early beginnings through the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. Emphasis is placed on the fugal form that Bach used and on Hindemith's neo-Baroque approach to fugal writing in the twentieth century. In Chapters III and IV, analyses are made of the expositions in the forty-eight fugues of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier and Hindemith's Ludus Tonalis .There is a discussion of the number of voices, order of entries", order of statements of the theme, key relationships, and redundant entries. Also discussed In these chapters are the beginning and ending notes of the Subject, a change in tonality of the subject range and length of the subjects. There is, further, a discussion of the real and tonal answers and the reasons for the use of a tonal answer, recurring countersubject, invertible counterpoint, interludes, length of the exposition, and the cadences at the end of the fugue expositions. in Chapter V the fugal writing of Bach, as demonstrated in the fugue expositions of The Well-Tempered Clavier, and that of Hindemith, as demonstrated in the fugue expositions of the Ludus Tonalis, are compared. This comparison of these two styles of fugal writing shows the two composers' techniques and procedures to be very much alike except in Hindemith's expanded concept of tonality. Although Bach's set of fugues has set a standard for this type of writing, Hindemith has shown that this old form is still capable of being used with originality when adapted to twentieth-century practices.

Beginning with his High Mass written in 1994, popular Swedish composer Sven-David Sandström modeled multiple compositions after famous canonical works using the same texts and/or instrumentation. Sandström wants to be compared to the greatest, specifically in how a twenty-first century composer responds to a text set , in the case of J.S. Bach's , over 250 years ago. His setting of Matthäuspassion (MP), which uses the same libretto as J.S. Bach, is his most extensive non-operatic work, one he considers his most significant, and likely his last work based on a preexisting model. This study 1) examines the influence of J.S. Bach's MP on Sandström's setting in the use of characters and chorales, 2) illustrates Sandström's compositional language in MP based on recent studies on his choral music, 3) describes his use of musical symbolism, and 4) discusses his religious and spiritual motivations behind the work, as well as his preferred uses in performance.

Rattachés à la tradition musicale occidentale savante, les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur l’analyse de l’interprétation des œuvres de la période baroque (1600-1750) au piano. L’interprétation a été étudiée en lien avec deux compositions pour clavier seul : un extrait du dernier mouvement de la Partita en do mineur BWV 826 de J. S. Bach (1685-1750) et le Passepied GWV 325 de C. Graupner (1683-1760). Ces œuvres ont été jouées et enregistrées selon trois styles d’interprétation contrastants (romantique, moderne et rhétorique) dans le contexte de deux études expérimentales. Une étude auto-ethnographique a visé le développement d’un protocole d’analyse qualitative et quantitative de l’interprétation d’une œuvre de Bach selon les principes des trois styles. Une étude de cas a permis d’explorer la mise en pratique d’une méthode de travail pour le développement d’une démarche artistique informée et exploratoire en interprétation. Une approche mixte d’analyses qualitatives et quantitatives a été utilisée dans les deux études pour révéler les rapports entre différents types de paramètres d’exécution (dont les variations de tempo, l’articulation, la dynamique, la pédale ou l’expression) et les descriptions stylistiques (dont l’auto- explicitation des participants). En s’appuyant sur une étude de l’interprétation de la musique baroque au 20e siècle, un pianiste (l’auteur de la thèse) a enregistré un extrait de la Partita en do mineur (BWV 826) selon trois esthétiques contrastantes (romantique, moderne, rhétorique). Le jeu du pianiste a été capté en format de données MIDI sur un piano Yamaha Disklavier DC7X. Une description verbale de chaque style a été obtenue suivant la technique de l’auto-explicitation réalisée par le pianiste. Les captations sonores de chaque extrait ont ensuite été présentées à une auditrice experte, spécialiste en enregistrement du piano, ce qui a permis d’obtenir une perspective externe sur les interprétations. Les analyses de l’étude auto- ethnographique ont montré une cohérence entre les descriptions stylistiques, l’auto-explicitation du pianiste, les évaluations qualitatives par l’auditrice externe et les données quantitatives relatives aux paramètres d’interprétation. Ces résultats suggèrent qu’une compréhension des principes d’interprétation aiderait à construire une interprétation dont les attributs paramétriques sont cohérents et conformes avec les postulats stylistiques de départ. Ce protocole de recherche a été approfondi dans une étude de cas réalisée avec une pianiste titulaire d’un doctorat de la Faculté de musique de l’Université de Montréal. Des consignes écrites ont été envoyées à la participante et l’étude s’est déroulée en cinq étapes : interprétation de référence, analyse de la partition par accents immanents, analyse stylistique, interprétation selon les trois styles et interprétation idéale. Les analyses ont confirmé la cohérence entre les règles stylistiques, les propos de la participante recueillis durant des entretiens semi-dirigés et les paramètres quantitatifs extraits de sa performance. Les mesures et les proportions des différents paramètres de l’interprétation ont été établies à l’aide d’une nouvelle technique de « quantification de la perception ». L’analyse qualitative a révélé un sentiment de liberté et de contrôle que la participante a éprouvé en créant son interprétation dans des conditions déterminées et fondées sur des règles. En s’appuyant sur le modèle proposé par l’étude auto-ethnographique, l’étude de cas aura permis à la pianiste de créer un style hybride, original et idiosyncrasique. Ce modèle de développement de l’interprétation peut s’appliquer dans un contexte de formation des musiciens et musiciennes où la connaissance des styles et du contexte historique et esthétique constituera les bases de la création artistique individuelle. / In the context of the Western musical tradition, the research presented in this thesis centres on the analysis of the interpretation of works from the Baroque period (1600–1750) at the piano. The interpretation was studied in relation to two compositions for solo keyboard: an excerpt from the last movement of the Partita in C minor BWV 826 by J.S. Bach (1685–1750) and the Passepied GWV 325 by C. Graupner (1683–1760). These works were performed and recorded in three contrasting styles (romantic, modern, and rhetorical) in the context of two experimental studies. An auto-ethnographic study aimed to develop a protocol for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the performance of a work by Bach according to the principles of each of the three styles. A case study tested the application of a practical method for the development of an informed and exploratory artistic approach in performance. A mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative analysis was used in both studies to reveal relationships between different types of performance parameters (including tempo variations, articulation, dynamics, pedalling, or expression) and stylistic descriptions (including participants’ commentaries). Based on a study of baroque music performance in the 20th century, a pianist (the author of this thesis) recorded an excerpt of Bach’s Partita in C minor (BWV 826) according to three contrasting styles (romantic, modern, and rhetorical). The pianist’s performance was captured in MIDI data format using a Yamaha Disklavier DC7X piano. A verbal description of each style has been provided by the pianist through a self-explicitation exercise. Each audio recording was then presented to an expert auditor, a specialist in piano recordings, who provided an external perspective on the interpretation. The analysis of the auto-ethnographic study showed consistency between the stylistic descriptions, the self-assessment of the pianist/participant, the qualitative evaluations by an expert listener, and the quantitative data pertaining to musical parameters. These results suggest that an understanding of the principles of interpretation may help shape an interpretation whose parametric attributes are consistent with the original stylistic postulates. This research protocol was further developed in a case study carried out with a pianist who had completed her doctorate at the Faculty of Music of the University of Montreal. Based on written instructions sent to the participant, the study unfolded in five stages: a baseline or control performance, a score analysis by immanent accents, a stylistic analysis, a performance according to three styles, and an ideal interpretation. The analysis confirmed the consistency between the stylistic rules, the pianist’s verbal output collected in interviews, and the quantitative parameters extracted from her performance. The measures and proportions of various performance parameters were established using a new technique of “perceptual quantification.” Qualitative analysis revealed a sense of freedom and control experienced by the participant as she developed her interpretation under predetermined, rule-based conditions. Building on the model proposed by the auto-ethnographic study, the case study allowed the pianist to create a hybrid, original and idiosyncratic style. This model for the development of interpretation can be applied to musician training in which knowledge of style as well as historical and aesthetic context provides the foundation of individual artistic creation.