Coronaviruset har inneburit att kontorsanställda runt om i Sverige gått över till att arbeta på distans. Syftet i den här studien är att undersöka kontorsanställdas subjektiva upplevelser av distansarbetet för att se hur det påverkat dem. Tidigare studier har undersökt distansarbetets påverkan i följd av coronaviruspandemin, dock gjordes dessa studier under de allra tidigaste stadier av pandemin. Detta gör ämnet mer intressant eftersom upplevelserna kan ha förändrats på grund av dessa långdragna restriktioner under pandemin. I den här studien används teorierna Job Demands-Resources Model samt Work-life balance för att identifiera de anställdas upplevelser kring arbetskrav och arbetsresurser, där fokuset läggs på engagemang och utmattning, samt balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Vi undersökte även respondenternas strategier kring dessa teorier för att ge studien ett större syfte. Studien är av kvalitativt slag - semistrukturerade intervjuer gjordes på nio anställda inom nio olika organisationer där alla respondenter arbetade helt eller delvis på distans.  I empiri och analys visade vi att respondenterna hade skilda upplevelser kring arbetskrav, och att en del arbetsresurser var mer betydelsefulla än andra. Framför allt var det sociala stödet en viktig resurs för att hantera kraven, där det mest påtagliga kravet i följd av distansarbetet var arbetsbelastning. Vi visade även att en ökad flexibilitet var den största fördelen med distansarbetet, vilket hade positiv effekt på balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv. Respondenterna upplevde dock betydligt utsuddade psykiska gränser. Till sist presenterade vi respondenternas strategier för arbetskrav och arbetsresurser, där det återigen var det sociala stödet som var väsentligt. För balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv var det tydliga arbetsplatser i hemmet som visade ha störst positiv effekt både fysiskt och mentalt.  Slutsatserna som kunde dras var att påverkan på utmattning var någorlunda positiv jämfört med tidigare, mestadels för att respondenterna upplever mindre stress och mindre distraktioner när de arbetade hemifrån. Däremot har de flesta respondenterna upplevt lägre motivation och engagemang, främst på grund av försämrat socialt stöd. Upplevelser kring arbetskrav och arbetsresurser har förvärrats i allmänhet, i följd av att hanteringen av vissa arbetskrav blivit mer problematiska samt att det sociala samspelet försämrats. När det gäller balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv så var upplevelserna mestadels positiva, i synnerhet flexibiliteten som var förbättrad i följd av ökad autonomi. Tillgängligheten har ökat men visade sig vara mestadels positiv för individens balans. Utsuddade gränser var dock försämrade och skulle kräva mer fokus i framtida forskning. Att söka socialt stöd var den viktigaste strategin för att hantera arbetskrav och upprätthålla arbetsresurser. De viktigaste strategierna för arbetslivsbalans var att anordna ett kontor i hemmet, ha god planering, samt att lämna allt arbetsrelaterat efter arbetstid. / Due to the coronavirus pandemic, many office employees in Sweden have switched to working remotely. The purpose of this study is to examine the office employees’ subjective experiences of telework to see how it has affected them. We used the Job Demands-Resources Model and Work-life balance theory to identify employees’ experiences regarding job demands and job resources, focusing on engagement and exhaustion, and the work-life balance. We also examined the employees’ strategies around the two theories to give the study a more important purpose. Semi-structured interviews were performed on nine remote-working employees within nine different organisations. The empirical results show that the respondents had different experiences of job demands, and that some job resources were more significant than others. We also showed that increased flexibility was the biggest advantage of teleworking, which had a positive effect on the work-life balance. The conclusions that could be drawn were firstly that the impact on exhaustion was somewhat positive compared with before the pandemic, mostly because the respondents experience less stress and less distractions when working from home. However, most respondents have experienced lower levels of engagement, primarily due to reduced social support. Experiences regarding job demands and job resources have deteriorated in general. The experiences regarding work-life balance were mostly positive, where above all the increased flexibility was the root cause. Seeking social support was the most important strategy for managing job demands and maintaining job resources. The most important strategies for work-life balance were to arrange an office in the home, good planning, and to leave everything work-related after working hours.

Organisations' digitalisation has had positive and negative effects on the work environment. Regardless, the digital work environment can affect employees' digital well-being. By studying how lecturers at Swedish universities feel that their digital well-being is affected by the digital work environment, the universities can proactively work for a good work environment. This quantitative survey studies essential factors for the well-being of lecturers in the digital work environment at Swedish universities. The variation is explained using the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) and the Demand-Control-Support model.  The most important factors for digital well-being that have emerged in this study are to have a positive attitude towards digital systems, to have digital competence and to minimize negative impact; this is also confirmed by previous research in other environments.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is the role of the Industrial Psychologist and the Human Resources function within a company to contribute positively to an organisation’s competitive advantage. Human capital should be viewed and managed as a critical success factor within this context. The probability of attaining success over competitors could be addressed through focussing on the impact of employee performance on competitive advantage. With reference to the organisational life cycle, the e-commerce industry in South Africa seems to be in its infancy. It is in this stage when attaining high levels of performance from employees is of critical importance. In this lies the key for building and growing a competitive advantage that would set one organisation apart from the other – where one organisation would survive the infancy stage and another would drown in the quest to match the demands posed by the relevant industry and its customers. There is minimal Industrial or Organisational Psychology research that has tested hypotheses in the e-commerce industry. This contributed to the decision to implement this research in the e-commerce industry. The e-commerce industry is growing rapidly, and performance therefore is a key factor for success in any e-commerce company in South Africa. The focus of this study was to review the Job Demands Resources model (JD-R model) within the e-commerce retail industry in South Africa in order to add to the knowledge base regarding human behaviour at work, with specific reference to engagement, burnout and performance. The research question of the study was formulated regarding which “state of wellbeing” would increase performance. The JD-R model makes provision for evaluating this question in a structured manner. The JD-R model indicates that performance is influenced by work engagement/burnout (wellbeing). It also indicates that there are certain job demands, job resources and personal resources that will influence wellbeing. The study was facilitated through the use of an ex post facto correlational research design. A sample of 117 workers was chosen from the e-commerce retail industry to participate in the study. Participation was voluntary, the data was collected specifically for the purpose of this study, and all responses were treated confidentially. The measurements that were used included key performance indicators (KPIs), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS), the Job Characteristics Scale, and the HEXACO model. The literature review formed a logical argument that culminated in a theoretical Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za iii model as well as a set of hypotheses with reference to the various dimensions in the JD-R model. The results showed that: a) Engagement has a significant positive influence on performance. b) Job resources (advancement, personal growth and organisational support) have a significant positive influence on engagement. c) Job resources (advancement, personal growth and organisational support) have a significant negative influence on burnout. d) Personal resources (extraversion) have a significant negative influence on burnout. e) Personal resources (conscientiousness) have a significant positive influence on engagement. f) Personal resources (agreeableness) have a significant negative influence on burnout. The following hypotheses were not supported: a) Burnout has a significant negative influence on performance. b) Personal resources (extraversion) have a significant positive influence on engagement. c) Personal resources (emotionality) have a significant positive influence on engagement. d) Personal resources (emotionality) have a significant negative influence on burnout. e) Personal resources (conscientiousness) have a significant negative influence on burnout. f) Personal resources (agreeableness) have a significant positive influence on engagement. g) Job demands (job overload) have a significant negative influence on engagement. h) Job demands (job overload) have a significant positive influence on burnout. i) Job demands (job insecurity) have a significant negative influence on engagement. j) Job demands (job insecurity) have a significant positive influence on burnout. Attention was also paid to future research considerations, recommendations to the managers of employees and to the limitations of the study. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is die rol van die Bedryfsielkundige en die Menslike Hulpbronne funksie in maatskappye om 'n positiewe bydrae tot 'n organisasie se mededingende voordeel te maak. Menslike kapitaal moet beskou en bestuur word as ‘n kritiese sukses faktor in hierdie konteks. Die waarskynlikheid om sukses bo die kompetisie te behaal kan aangespreek word deur om fokus te plaas op die impak wat werknemersprestasie het op mededingings voordeel. Met verwysing na die organisatoriese lewenssiklus blyk die e-handelbedryf in Suid-Afrika om in sy beginstadium te wees. Dit is in hierdie stadium waar die bereiking van hoë vlakke van prestasie van werknemers van kritieke belang is. Hierin lê die sleutel vir die vordering en groei van 'n mededingende voordeel van een maatskappy bo ‘n ander - waar die een organisasie die beginstadium sou oorleef en die ander onder die druk van die versoeke/eise van die betrokke bedryf en sy kliënte sou swyk. Daar is ‘n beperkte hoeveelheid navorsing wat gevind kon word in die veld van Bedryfsielkunde wat hipoteses in die e-handelbedryf toets. Hierdie bevinding het bygedra tot die besluit om hierdie navorsingstudie oor die e-handelbedryf voort te sit. Die e-handelbedryf toon vinnige groei, en prestasie is dus tans 'n belangrike faktor vir sukses in enige e-handelmaatskappy in Suid-Afrika. Die fokus van hierdie navorsingstudie was om die “Job Demands Resources model (JD-R model)” in die e-kleinhandelbedryf in Suid-Afrika toe te pas om sodoende by te dra tot die huidige kennis beskikbaar ten opsigte van menslike gedrag by die werk, met spesifieke verwysing na werksbegeestering, uitbranding en prestasie. Die navorsingsvraag van die navorsingstudie is geformuleer rondom die aanname dat die "toestand van welsyn" prestasievlakke sal verhoog. Die primêre doel van die navorsingstudie was om deur middel van die toepassing van die JD-R model in die e-kleinhandelbedryf, by te dra tot die beskikbare kennis ten opsigte van menslike gedrag by die werk, met spesifieke verwysing na werksbetrokkenheid, uitbranding en prestasie. Die JD-R model maak op 'n gestruktureerde wyse voorsiening vir die evaluering van hierdie verhoudings. Die JD-R model dui aan dat prestasie beïnvloed word deur werksbetrokkenheid/uitbranding (welsyn). Dit dui ook dat daar sekere werksvereistes, werkshulpbronne en persoonlike hulpbronne is wat welstand beïnvloed. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za v Die navorsingstudie is gefasiliteer deur die gebruik van 'n ex post facto korrelasie-ontwerp. 'n Steekproef van 117 werkers is uit die e-kleinhandelbedryf gekies om aan die studie deel te neem. Deelname was vrywillig, die data is spesifiek ingesamel vir die doel van hierdie navorsingstudie en alle data is as vertroulik hanteer. Die volgende metingsinstrumente is gebruik: kern prestasie aanwysers (KPA’s), die Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), die Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS), die Job Characteristics Scale, en die HEXACO model. Die literatuuroorsig vorm 'n logiese argument wat lei tot 'n teoretiese model, sowel as 'n stel hipoteses met verwysing na die verskillende dimensies soos gevind in die JD-R model. Die resultate toon: a) Werksbetrokkenheid het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op prestasie. b) Werkshulpbronne (bevordering, persoonlike groei en organisatoriese ondersteuning) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. c) Werkshulpbronne (bevordering, persoonlike groei en organisatoriese ondersteuning) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op uitbranding. d) Persoonlike hulpbronne (ekstroversie) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op uitbranding. e) Persoonlike hulpbronne (pligsgetrouheid) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. f) Persoonlike hulpbronne (eenstemmigheid) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op uitbranding. Die volgende hipoteses was nie aanvaar nie: a) Uitbranding het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op prestasie. b) Persoonlike hulpbronne (ekstroversie) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. c) Persoonlike hulpbronne (emosionaliteit) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. d) Persoonlike hulpbronne (emosionaliteit) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op uitbranding. e) Persoonlike hulpbronne (pligsgetrouheid) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op uitbranding. f) Persoonlike hulpbronne (eenstemmigheid) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za vi g) Werksvereistes (oorlading) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. h) Werksvereistes (oorlading) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op uitbranding. i) Werksvereistes (werkonsekerheid) het ‘n beduidende negatiewe invloed op werksbetrokkenheid. j) Werksvereistes (werkonsekerheid) het ‘n beduidende positiewe invloed op uitbranding. Aandag is ook geskenk aan toekomstige navorsings oorwegings, aanbevelings aan die bestuurders van werknemers asook aan die beperkinge van die navorsinstudie.

The reforms in the public sector, as consequence of New Public Management, have led to flattened organizational structure, increasing the span of control(SOC) width for managers. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between SOC width, working conditions (job demands, job resources and engaged leadership), employee health and engagement. SOC was measured as predictor for employee health and engagement, where mediation of working conditions effect on the relation was examined. Self-administrated surveys were collected from 1551 employees working under 109 managers in four public sector municipal operations in Sweden. The result displayed that it was unfavorable to have managers with a wide SOC for the employees working conditions, engagement and health. SOC was a significant predictor for health, while mediation of working conditions could not account for the relationship. These results indicate that a narrow SOC may improve working conditions and health outcomes for employees.

The present study tested a nomological net of work engagement that was derived from its extant research. Two of the main work engagement models that have been presented and empirically tested in the literature, the JD-R model and Kahn’s model, were integrated to test the effects that job features and personal characteristics can have on work engagement through the psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety, and availability. In this study, safety refers to psychological perceptions of safety and not workplace safety behaviors. The job features that were tested in this model included person-job fit, autonomy, co-worker relations, supervisor support, procedural justice, and interactional justice, while the personal characteristics consisted of self-consciousness, self-efficacy, extraversion, and neuroticism. Thirty-four hypotheses and a conceptual model were tested in order to establish the viability of this nomological net of work engagement in which it was expected that meaningfulness would mediate the relationships between job features and work engagement, safety would mediate the relationships that job features and personal characteristics have with work engagement, and availability (physical, emotional, and cognitive resources) would mediate the relationships that personal characteristics have with work engagement. Furthermore, analyses were run in order to determine the factor structure of work engagement, assess whether or not it exhibits differential validity from organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and confirm that it is positively related to the outcome variable of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The final sample consisted of 500 workers from an online labor market who responded to a questionnaire composed of measures of all constructs included in this study. Findings show that work engagement is best represented as a three-factor construct, composed of vigor, dedication and absorption. Furthermore, support was found for the distinction of work engagement from the related constructs of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. With regard to the proposed model, meaningfulness proved to be the strongest predictor of work engagement. Results show that it partially mediates the relationships that all job features have with work engagement. Safety proved to be a partial mediator of the relationships that autonomy, co-worker relations, supervisor support, procedural justice, interactional justice, and self-efficacy have with work engagement, and fully mediate the relationship between neuroticism and work engagement. Findings also show that availability partially mediates the positive relationships that extraversion and self-efficacy have with work engagement, and fully mediates the negative relationship that neuroticism has with work engagement. Finally, a positive relationship was found between work engagement and OCB. Research and organizational implications are discussed.

Job-related aspects of the work environment, such as work pressure, workload, leadership, and management support cause occupational stress and increase costs to organizations. Grounded in the job demands-resources model theory, the purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies some bank managers use to reduce employees' occupational stress. The interview process included 5 managers employed at a bank in the Caribbean who successfully implemented strategies that reduced employees' occupational stress. The data collection and analysis process involved face-to-face, semistructured interviews and analysis of organizational documentation. Using the exploratory approach in data analysis, data were systematically integrated, evaluated, and summarized through a process of coding and generating themes and patterns. During the coding process, 4 major themes emerged: organizational protection and leadership, supportive organization, occupational health and well-being, and prevention. Business managers who develop and execute strategies centered on these themes might reduce job-related stress factors and the negative consequences of occupational stress. The study results might prompt business leaders to develop prevention strategies to address the causes of potential stressors linked to work conditions. The implications for positive social change include the potential for improving employee health and reducing health costs to employees, their families, and communities.

Denna uppsats syftar till att öka kunskapen kring det närmaste ledarskapets betydelse vid återgång i arbete efter sjukskrivning vid arbetsrelaterad stress. Tidigare forskning tyder på att otydliga eller motstridiga krav från närmaste chef är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till arbetsrelaterad sjukskrivning. Vi ville undersöka hur man som första linjes chef genom sitt ledarskap kan förbättra den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och därmed stödja en mer hållbar återgång i arbete efter arbetsrelaterad sjukskrivning. Studien bygger på kvalitativ metod där 17 semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes digitalt med legitimerade sjuksköterskor som vi kontaktat i ett yrkesforum på internet. Samtliga hade varit sjukskrivna för arbetsrelaterad stress under en period på minst tre månader. Vissa av respondenterna är numera åter i tjänst på den arbetsplats de sjukskrevs ifrån, medan andra har bytt arbetsgivare. Intervjuerna analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet mynnande ut i två kategorier: resurser och krav, med tre underkategorier vardera. Underkategorier för resurser var Självledarskap, Kollegialt stöd och mentorskap samt Stöttande ledarskap. Underkategorier för krav var Arbetsbelastning och stress, Bristande ledarskap och Bristande psykosocial arbetsmiljö. Utifrån krav i arbetet såg vi att motstridiga och/eller otydliga krav från både chefer och kollegor bidrog till bristande psykosocial arbetsmiljö. Hög arbetsbelastning och stress över tid bidrog till etisk stress och risk för arbetsrelaterad stress med sjukskrivning som följd. Utifrån resurser i arbetet fann vi att positiv feedback och tillgänglighet från närmaste chef var exempel på ett stöttande ledarskap som i sin tur gynnade återgång i arbete. Andra skyddande faktorer var kollegialt stöd och mentorskap samt självledarskap. Något som särskilt stack ut i våra resultat var självledarskapets påverkan på återgång i arbete efter arbetsrelaterad ohälsa. / This essay aims to increase knowledge about the importance of immediate leadership when returning to work after sick leave in case of work-related stress. Previous research suggests that unclear or conflicting demands from immediate supervisors are one of the most common reasons for work-related sick leave. We wanted to investigate how unit managers, through their leadership, can improve the psychosocial work environment and thereby support a more sustainable return to work after work-related sick leave. The study is based on a qualitative method where 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted digitally with registered nurses whom we contacted in a professional forum on the internet. All had been on sick leave for work-related stress for a period of at least three months. Some of the participants are now back in service at the workplace they were on sick leave from, while others have changed employers. The interviews were analysed through qualitative content analysis. The results fall into two categories: resources and requirements, with three subcategories each. Subcategories for resources were Self-Leadership, Collegial Support and mentoring, and Supportive Leadership. Subcategories for requirements were Workload and stress, Lack of leadership and Lack of psychosocial work environment. Based on work demands, we saw that conflicting and/or unclear demands from both managers and colleagues contributed to a lack of psychosocial work environment. High workload and stress over time contributed to ethical stress and risk of work-related stress with sick leave as a result. Based on resources at work, we found that positive feedback and availability from the immediate manager were examples of supportive leadership, which in turn favoured a return to work. Other protective factors were peer support and mentoring as well as self-leadership. Something that particularly stood out in our results was the influence of self-leadership on returning to work after work-related illness.

Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African health care system is tormented by various challenges ranging from income inequalities, extreme resource scarcities to discrimination and violence. This makes the health care industry a tough work environment for health care personnel to operate in. South Africa has experienced the loss of thousands of nurses over the past decade, either emigrating or leaving the nursing profession altogether (Tshitangano, 2013). Consequently, this trend drew the attention to the well-being of nurses in South Africa. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the level of work engagement among private sector nurses in the Western Cape, together with their levels of job demands, job resources, personal resources, performance and job crafting. This was done using the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) of work engagement. The comprehensive JD-R model was tested and the validity of the proposed relationships between the constructs was examined. Moreover, additional paths in the model were proposed and tested. Managerial implications along with practical interventions were derived from the results with the aim to increase nurse well-being and retention. An ex post facto correlational design was used to test the formulated hypotheses in this research study. Quantitative data were collected from 311 nurses employed by a private hospital group by means of non-probability convenience sampling. A self-administered paper copy survey was distributed to hospitals given that they agreed to participate in the research. The survey was voluntary, anonymous and confidential. The survey consisted of five sections and included questions from five existing questionnaires, namely, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003), the Job Demands-Resources Scale (Rothman, Mostert & Strydom, 2006), the Work Design Questionnaire (Morgeson & Humhprey, 2006), the Psychological Capital Self-Rated Version (PsyCap-24) (Luthans, Avolio, Avey & Norman, 2006), and the Job Crafting Scale (Tims, Bakker & Derks, 2012). In order to test the statistical significance of the hypotheses, the data were subjected to Structural Equation modelling and regression analyses. The results indicated that the nurses experienced a high level of work engagement, and elucidated the fact that job resources, job demands, and job crafting aspects of their jobs are in need of industrial psychologist or managerial interventions. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse gesondheidsisteem word geteister deur verskeie uitdagings wat onder andere inkomste ongelykhede, ekstreme hulpbron skaarshede, diskriminasie en geweld insluit. Dit maak die gesondheidsindustrie ʼn moeilike werksomgewing vir gesondheidspersoneel om in te werk. Suid-Afrika het duisende verpleegsters oor die laaste dekade verloor as gevolg van emigrasie, terwyl ander die professie in geheel verlaat het (Tshitangano, 2013). Gevolglik het hierdie tendens die aandag getrek na die welstand van verpleegsters in Suid-Afrika. Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om die vlak van werksbetrokkenheid onder ʼn steekproef van privaatsektor verpleegsters in die Wes-Kaap te ondersoek, tesame met hulle vlakke van werkseise, werkshulpbronne, persoonlike hulpbronne, werksprestasie en posverryking. Die Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) of work engagement is vir hierdie doel ingespan. Die omvattende model tesame met die geldigheid van die voorgestelde verhoudings tussen die konstrukte is getoets. Addisionele verhoudings is ook voorgestel en getoets. Bestuursimplikasies en praktiese intervensies is van die resultate afgelei en word aan bestuurders voorgelê as moontlike oplossings om verpleegsters se welstand en retensie te verhoog. ʼn Ex post facto korrelasie-ontwerp is gebruik om die geformuleerde hipoteses in hierdie studie te toets. Kwantitatiewe data is van 311 verpleegsters ingesamel wat deur ʼn private hospitaalgroep in diens geneem word. Nie-waarskynlikheid gerieflikheidsteekproeftrekking is gebruik om die steekproef te bepaal. ʼn Self-geadministreerde vraelys is ontwikkel en as harde kopie uitgestuur na dié hospitale wat ingestem het om aan die navorsing deel te neem. Die vraelys is vrywillig, anoniem en konfidensieel ingevul en het uit vyf seksies bestaan. Die vyf seksies se vrae is opgemaak uit verskeie bestaande vraelyste, naamlik, die Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-17) (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003), die Job Demands-Resources Scale (Rothman, Mostert & Strydom, 2006), die Work Design Questionnaire (Morgeson & Humhprey, 2006), die Psychological Capital Self-Rated Version (PsyCap-24) (Luthans, Avolio, Avey & Norman, 2006), en die Job Crafting Scale (Tims, Bakker & Derks, 2012). Ten einde die statistiese beduidendheid van die hipoteses te toets, is die data deur strukturele vergelykingsmodellering en regressie-ontledings ontleed. Die resultate dui daarop dat die verpleegsters 'n hoë vlak van werksbetrokkenheid ervaar, en dat werkshulpbronne, werkseise en posverrykende aspekte van hulle werk bestuurs- of bedryfsielkundige intervensies verlang.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka om graden av work engagement kan prediceras utifrån aspekter av job crafting bland människor som arbetar i projektform. Det har gjorts genom en kvantitativ undersökning där en tvärsnittsstudie genomförts för att besvara studiens frågeställning och att uppfylla dess syfte. Data har samlats in som enkätsvar och analyserats. Enkäten har utformats med hjälp av befintliga instrument som översatts till svenska. Totalt har 74 svar inkommit. Resultatet visar på ett signifikant samband mellan job crafting och work engagement. Inga koefficienter för de enskilda aspekterna av job crafting visade sig signifikanta i regressionsanalysen. Använda begrepp definieras och problematiseras och tänkbara anledningra till erhållet resultat diskuteras. / The aim of the study was to investigate whether the degree of work engagement can be predicted from aspects of job crafting among people working in project form. This has been through quantitative research where a cross-sectional study has been conducted inb order to answer the research question and fulfill the purpose of the study. Data has been collected through a questionnaire and analyzed. The questionnaire has been designed based on existing instruments that has been translated into Swedish. A total of 74 answers were received. The results indicate a statistically significant relationship between job crafting and work engagement. No coefficients for the for the individual aspects of job crafting proved significant in the regression analysis. The concepts and terms used are defined and problematized and possible reasons for the obtained results are discussed.