<p>The present compiled dissertation explores culture jamming as a social movement in late capitalist information society. Culture jamming embraces groups and individuals practicing symbolic protest against the expansion and domination of large corporations and the logic of the market into public and private life. The central aim is to understand the meaning of culture jamming; its “model” of collective identification, and its protest and mobilizing strategies. International social movement research mostly focuses upon well established movements that are traditionally organized and directed against conventional political institutions. Studying culture jamming as a social movement therefore entails implications for social movement theory and research. For instance, concepts must be adjusted to cover emerging “individualized” forms of collective action and the effects of cyberspace on collective identification. Furthermore, attention is directed to emotions in culture jamming. It is thereby also argued that social movement research generally may have a lot to gain from incorporating emotion theory.</p><p>Data consists of texts and visuals from the organization Adbusters Media Foundation, and seven interviews with culture jammers. The groups represented in the interviews are Institute for Applied Autonomy, Reverend Billy’s Church of Stop Shopping, New York Surveillance Camera Players, Bureau of Inverse Technology, Rtmark, and the French Casseurs de Pub. The method of analysis is “abductive” qualitative text analysis inspired by hermeneutic qualitative analysis and the epistemological and ontological foundations of discourse theory and post-structuralism.</p><p>Analysis is carried out in five separate studies presented in text I-IV (previously published) and in chapter eight. Text I maps the Adbusters Media Foundation (AMF) along the lines of narrative, organization, ends, means, and strategy. Text II offers an analysis of the various nodal points in the AMF discourse and discusses the tensions inherent to the AMF effort to “hegemonize” the meaning of culture jamming. Text III offers an analysis of culture jamming as political activism from the thematic perspective of culture, place and identity, based on four of the interviews. In text IV the AMF visuals are analyzed from the perspective of emotions and social movement mobilization. Chapter eight brings together the seven interviews and the AMF material into an analysis of emotions in culture jamming.</p>

The present compiled dissertation explores culture jamming as a social movement in late capitalist information society. Culture jamming embraces groups and individuals practicing symbolic protest against the expansion and domination of large corporations and the logic of the market into public and private life. The central aim is to understand the meaning of culture jamming; its “model” of collective identification, and its protest and mobilizing strategies. International social movement research mostly focuses upon well established movements that are traditionally organized and directed against conventional political institutions. Studying culture jamming as a social movement therefore entails implications for social movement theory and research. For instance, concepts must be adjusted to cover emerging “individualized” forms of collective action and the effects of cyberspace on collective identification. Furthermore, attention is directed to emotions in culture jamming. It is thereby also argued that social movement research generally may have a lot to gain from incorporating emotion theory. Data consists of texts and visuals from the organization Adbusters Media Foundation, and seven interviews with culture jammers. The groups represented in the interviews are Institute for Applied Autonomy, Reverend Billy’s Church of Stop Shopping, New York Surveillance Camera Players, Bureau of Inverse Technology, Rtmark, and the French Casseurs de Pub. The method of analysis is “abductive” qualitative text analysis inspired by hermeneutic qualitative analysis and the epistemological and ontological foundations of discourse theory and post-structuralism. Analysis is carried out in five separate studies presented in text I-IV (previously published) and in chapter eight. Text I maps the Adbusters Media Foundation (AMF) along the lines of narrative, organization, ends, means, and strategy. Text II offers an analysis of the various nodal points in the AMF discourse and discusses the tensions inherent to the AMF effort to “hegemonize” the meaning of culture jamming. Text III offers an analysis of culture jamming as political activism from the thematic perspective of culture, place and identity, based on four of the interviews. In text IV the AMF visuals are analyzed from the perspective of emotions and social movement mobilization. Chapter eight brings together the seven interviews and the AMF material into an analysis of emotions in culture jamming.

Un ensemble de particules avec interactions répulsives, dans un empilement dense, se bloquent dans un état rigide: sous cisaillement, ces systèmes ont une contrainte seuil avant de céder. Pour des particules sans friction et à température nulle, l'empilement, à la transition de Jamming, est isostatique. Les propriétés mécaniques et géométriques présentent de nombreuses lois d'échelles avec la distance au Jamming qui peut alors être vu comme un point critique. La généralisation de ce concept en présence de température et son lien avec la transition vitreuse ont fait récemment l'objet de nombreux travaux et laissent encore de nombreuses questions ouvertes. Nous tentons d'apporter des éléments de réponse à celles-ci en étudiant expérimentalement la dynamique des particules et du réseau de force d'un empilement désordonné de disques bi-disperses photo-élastiques vibrés horizontalement, dont nous varions la fraction surfacique pour plusieurs amplitudes de vibrations $\gamma$. Au delà d'un lent mouvement convectif d'ensemble, la dynamique des grains présente principalement une dynamique complexe |intermittente et hétérogène| à une échelle bien plus petite que la taille typique d'un grain. Ces hétérogénéités dynamiques sont d'amplitude maximale à une densité intermédiaire $\phi^*(\gamma)$. Au niveau du réseau de contacts, nous observons deux signatures franches et distinctes|statique et dynamique| analogues à la phénoménologie de la transition vitreuse. %La statique et la dynamique du réseau de contact présentent deux signatures distinctes analogues à la phénoménologie de la transition %vitreuse. Á l'instar du maximum d'hétérogénéités dynamiques des déplacements, la signature dynamique du réseau de contacts a lieu à $\phi^*(\gamma)$, si bien que dynamiques des déplacements et des contacts sont liées. En revanche, c'est à une densité plus élevée $\phi_J(\gamma)$ que l'on identifie la signature statique de la transition de Jamming. Lorsque l'on diminue l'amplitude de vibration vers la limite d'excitation mécanique nulle, $\gamma\rightarrow0$, $\phi^*(\gamma)$ et $\phi_J(\gamma)$ se confondent, et l'échelle de longueur des corrélations dynamiques augmente. Nous comparons ces résultats aux propriétés des sphères molles au voisinage du Jamming.

OFDM is a promising technique for high-data-rate wireless communications because it can combat inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by the dispersive fading of wireless channels. The proposed research focuses on techniques that improve the performance of OFDM-based wireless communications and its commercial and military applications. In particular, we address the following aspects of OFDM: inter-channel interference (ICI) suppression, interference suppression for clustered OFDM, clustered OFDM based anti-jamming modulation, channel estimation for MIMO-OFDM, MIMO transmission with limited feedback. For inter-channel interference suppression, a frequency domain partial response coding (PRC) scheme is proposed to mitigate ICI. We derive the near-optimal weights for PRC that is independent on the channel power spectrum. The error floor resulting from ICI can be reduced significantly using a two-tap or a three-tap PRC. Clustered OFDM is a new technique that has many advantages over traditional OFDM. In clustered OFDM systems, adaptive antenna arrays are used for interference suppression. To calculate weights for interference suppression, we propose a polynomial-based parameter estimator to combat the severe leakage of the DFT based estimator due to the small size of the cluster. An adaptive algorithm is developed to obtain optimal performance. For high data rate military communications, we propose a clustered OFDM base spread spectrum modulation to provide both anti-jamming and fading suppression capability. We analyze the performance of uncoded and coded system. Employing multiple transmit and receive antennas in OFDM systems (MIMO-OFDM) can increase the spectral efficiency and link reliability. We develop a minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) channel estimator that takes advantage of the spatial-frequency correlations in MIMO-OFDM systems to minimize the estimation error. We investigate the training sequence design and two optimal training sequence designs are given for arbitrary spatial correlations. For a MIMO system, the diversity and array gains can be obtained by exploiting channel information at the transmitter. For MIMO-OFDM systems, we propose a subspace tracking based approach that can exploit the frequency correlations of the OFDM system to reduce the feedback rate. The proposed approach does not need recalculate the precoding matrix and is robust to multiple data stream transmission.

As the size of an adaptive antenna array grows, the system is able to resist interference signals of increasing bandwidth. This is a result of the transmit pattern gain increasing, which raises the target's return power, and a greater number of degrees of freedom. However, once the interference signal decorrelates completely from one channel to the next, increasing array size will cease to improve detection capability. The use of tapped delay-line processing to improve correlation between channels has been studied for smaller arrays with single element antennas, but previous analyses have not considereded larger systems that are partitioned into subarrays. This thesis quantifies the effect that subarrays have on performance, as measured by the interference bandwidth that can be handled, and explains how tapped delay-line processing can maintain the ability to detect targets in an environment with high bandwidth interference. The analysis begins by deriving equations to estimate the half-power bandwidth of an array with no taps. Then we find that a single delay with optimal spacing is sufficient to completely restore performance if the interference angle is known exactly. However, in practice, the tap spacing will never be optimal because this angle will not be known exactly, so further consideration is given to this non-ideal case and possible solutions for arbitrary interference scenarios are presented. Simulations indicate that systems with multiple taps have more tolerance to increasing interference bandwidth and unknown directions of arrival. Finally, the tradeoffs between ideal and practical configurations are explained and suggestions are given for the design of real-world systems.

In this thesis, a novel anti-sensor network paradigm is introduced against wireless sensor networks (WSN). Anti-sensor network (ASN) aims to destroy application reliability by adaptively and anonymously introducing adequate level of artificial distortion into the communication of the event features transported from the sensor nodes (SN) to the sink. ASN is composed of anti-sensor nodes (aSN) randomly distributed over the sensor network field. aSNs pretend to be SNs tomaintain anonymity and so improve resiliency against attack detection and prevention mechanisms. Performance evaluations via mathematical analysis and simulation experiments show that ASN can effectively reduce the application reliability of WSN.

In wireless communications, knowledge of the channel coefficients is required for coherent demodulation. In this thesis, a blind channel estimation method based on the Lloyd-Max algorithm is proposed for single-tap fading channels. The algorithm estimates the constellation points for the received signal using an iterative least squares approach. The algorithm is investigated for fast-frequency hopping systems with small block lengths and operating under partial-band and partial-time jamming for both detecting the jammer and estimating the channel. The performance of the Lloyd-Max channel estimation algorithm is compared to the performance of pilot-based channel estimation algorithms which also use the least squares approach and non-coherent demodulation and decoding.

La transition de Jamming est un phénomène générique qui se produit lorsqu'une assemblée d'objets cesse brusquement d'évoluer. Cette thèse propose une caractérisation des propriétés statistiques d'un système athermique modèle au voisinage de cette transition. Le système, une couche bidimensionnelle de 8500 cylindres métalliques, est étudié dans deux situations expérimentales. La première consiste à examiner le volume interstitiel piégé dans des empilements verticaux de ces grains. Nous montrons que dans cette situation statique, le système exhibe des corrélations à longue portée et un défaut d'extensivité. La seconde situation consiste à vibrer cette assemblée dans le plan horizontal à différentes densités. Nous identifions la transition de Jamming sur le signal de force à la paroi. Nous étudions les propriétés de diffusion et la relaxation du champ de densité, et montrons qu'une unique longueur caractéristique pilote ces deux quantités. Nous étudions ensuite l'hétérogénéité spatiale de la dynamique au moyen d'une fonction de corrélation à quatre points. Cette fonction vérifie une relation de scaling critique. A la transition, la longueur de corrélation ainsi qu'un temps de relaxation associé au phénomène marginal de super diffusion sont maximum. Nous en concluons que le blocage est une transition de phase dynamique, qui se distingue cependant de la transition vitreuse. Enfin, notre système sature une inégalité de fluctuation dissipation, ce qui nous permet de montrer que l'amplitude des fluctuations spontanées de la dynamique est bien reproduite par sa réponse à une variation de densité, et de conclure que cette dernière pilote les propriétés macroscopiques du système.

Ce travail de thèse est une contribution à l'étude des émulsions de Pickering qui ont vu unregain d'intérêt ces dernières années. Bien que l'effet Pickering ait été décrit depuis plus d'un siècle,des études plus systématiques pour comprendre l'activité des particules solides aux interfacesliquide/liquide n'est que partiellement entrepris, surtout en cours de déformation. Plusieurs questionsrestent d'actualité et, en premier, la localisation même des particules à l'interface et le mécanismed'adsorption associé.L'approche proposée dans ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans cette optique avec en particulier laconsidération d'un événement élémentaire d'une émulsion : une goutte isolée dans une matrice etexaminée suite à un saut de déformation en cisaillement dans un dispositif de cisaillement contrarotatifdéveloppé à PCI. De manière générique, le but est de comprendre la relation entre le comportement dela goutte et la rhéologie complexe (en volume ou en surface) apportée par la dynamique de particulessolides aux interfaces liquide/liquide mobiles. Plusieurs paramètres ont été étudiés en commençant parl'affinité chimique des particules solides avec les phases liquides, la rhéologie des phases liquides, laconcentration et la taille des particules solides ; et pour finir, une attention particulière a été portée àl'effet de la déformation macroscopique et l'âge de la goutte.Plus particulièrement, la mise en évidence de la synergie entre la déformation macroscopiqueet l'âge de la goutte, sur la dynamique d'adsorption des particules à l'interface liquide/liquide et lastructuration de l'interface composée, a permis de proposer une méthodologie pour la modulation de" l'effet mémoire induite par la déformation " lors de la relaxation de la goutte en modifiant lasurface des particules par adsorption de tensioactifs choisis. Ainsi, il a été possible de figer les gouttesliquides dans des formes anisotropes contrôlées. Ce phénomène a été corrélé à une transition liquidesolidede l'interface composée mise en évidence par des mesures des modules rhéologiquesinterfaciaux. Ces derniers ont été, par ailleurs, reliés quantitativement à l'anisotropie des gouttesfigées.

Interference and jamming severely disrupt our ability to communicate by decreasing the effective signal-to-noise ratio and by making parameter estimation difficult at the receiver. The objective of this research work is to design robust wireless systems and algorithms to suppress the adverse effects of non-intentional co-channel interference (CCI) or intentional jamming. In particular, we develop chip-combining schemes with timing, channel, and noise-power estimation techniques, all of which mitigate CCI or jamming. We also exploit the spatial diversity and iterative receiver techniques for this purpose. Most of the existing timing estimation algorithms are robust against either large frequency offsets or CCI, but not against both at the same time. Hence, we develop a new frame boundary estimation method that is robust in the presence of severe co-channel interference and large carrier-frequency offsets. To solve the high peak-to-average-power ratio problem of a multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system and enhance its robustness against fading and jamming, we propose a constant-envelope MC-CDMA system employing cyclic delay diversity (CDD) as transmit diversity. We analyze the diversity order, coding gain, and bit-error rate upper bound. We also propose a blind, accurate, and computationally efficient signal-to-noise ratio estimator for the proposed system. We propose a configurable robust anti-jam receiver that estimates the frequency- or time-domain jammer state information (JSI) and uses it for chip combining in the corresponding domain. A soft-JSI-based chip-combining technique is proposed that outperforms conventional hard-JSI-based chip combining. We also derive a chip combiner that provides sufficient statistics to the decoder. Channel estimation is necessary for coherent signal detection and JSI estimation. Conversely, knowledge of the jamming signal power and JSI of different subcarriers can improve the accuracy of the channel estimates. Hence, we propose joint iterative estimation of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel coefficients, jamming power, and JSI for a coded MC-CDMA MIMO system operating under jamming and a time-varying frequency-selective fading channel. Finally, we reduce the computational complexity of the JSI-based anti-jam receivers by introducing an expectation-maximization-based joint channel and noise-covariance estimator that does not need either the subcarrier JSI or the individual powers of the AWGN and jamming signal.