This study examines the value of travellers’ written records of their trips with specific reference to the journals of five French travellers who visited Scotland between 1780 and 1830. The thesis argues that they contain material which demonstrates the merit of journals as historical documents. The themes chosen for scrutiny, life in the rural areas, agriculture, industry, transport and towns, are examined and assessed across the journals and against the social, economic and literary scene in France and Scotland. Through the evidence presented in the journals, the thesis explores aspects of the tourist experience of the Enlightenment and post -Enlightenment periods. The viewpoint of knowledgeable French Anglophiles and their receptiveness to Scottish influences, grants a perspective of the position of France in the economic, social and power structure of Europe and the New World vis-à-vis Scotland. The thesis adopts a narrow, focussed analysis of the journals which is compared and contrasted to a broad brush approach adopted in other studies.

Alors que les études littéraires tendent à se professionnaliser et la culture à occuper de moins en moins d’espace dans les grands médias traditionnels, les revues culturelles proposent une critique qui se distingue de ces deux pratiques. Liberté, L’Inconvénient, Contre-jour et Spirale offrent aux intellectuels, critiques et universitaires l’espace d’une pratique mitoyenne, entre celles des publications savantes et des médias grand public. Qu’ils se définissent au premier chef comme herméneutes, médiateurs ou érudits, les critiques de ces revues revendiquent tous une parole littéraire. Chacun des chapitres de ce mémoire se penche sur une publication, retraçant son histoire et étudiant les textes métacritiques afin de cerner les différences et les similitudes entre les conceptions, les fonctions et les mises en pratique de la critique. La méthode emprunte à l’histoire des revues en tant que groupes d’affiliation, développée par Andrée Fortin et Michel Lacroix. L’analyse des thèmes récurrents et des filiations, dans la lignée des travaux de Martine-Emmanuelle Lapointe et d’Anne Caumartin, ainsi que de la rhétorique, particulièrement la notion d’ethos telle que définie par Dominique Maingueneau et Ruth Amossy, permet de mettre en lumière ce qui constitue, pour les praticiens de la critique, la singularité et la valeur de la parole littéraire. / Whilst Literature Studies are professionalizing and culture becomes less and less prominent in traditional media, literary reviews offer a distinctive voice for criticism. Liberté, L’Inconvénient, Contre-jour and Spirale offer intellectuals, critics and academics alike an adjoining space for the practice of cultural criticism, which positions itself somewhere between scientific publications and mass media. Whether they identify themselves primarily as hermeneutics experts, mediators or scholars, the critics who participate in those reviews all avail themselves of a literary word. Each chapter of this thesis will examine one of the four publications named above, retracing their history and analyzing meta-critical texts published in their pages to outline the differences and similarities between their conceptions of literary criticism, and its function and application. Methods used to conceptualize reviews as groups are akin to the works of Andrée Fortin and Michel Lacroix. By analyzing the recurring themes, the filiations (as Martine-Emmanuelle Lapointe and Anne Caumartin’s works exemplify) and the rhetoric (particularly the notion of ethos as developed by Dominique Maingueneau and Ruth Amossy) of these literary reviews, this thesis will reveal what constitutes, for the critics studied here, the singularity and the value of the literary word.

This master thesis deals with history teaching from 1948 up to 1970. The main focus is not put on the way how the teaching looked really like, but it deals with the teaching methods how history should be taught. The major sources are journals of education for history teaching, mostly Dějepis ve škole and the preceding and following journals. The basic question is whether the magazines could have really helped the teachers in terms of teaching methodology and what was this support like. In the first chapter the history of education is described, the second chapter deals with the journals of education for history teaching. Next is described how a lesson should look like, the whole-class presentation, examination, revision, using a textbook. Special chapter deals with various tools for history teaching, including maps, images, audiovisual aids and literature. Moreover there is covered regional history, excursions, cooperation with museums and archives. In the end the basic question is answered; the journals were able to help the teachers well, many interesting and inspiring articles were in them. Nowadays, the problems of history teaching are almost the same, the have not been solved yet. Furthermore in the end are discussed special methodological debates in the half-public space that were present in...

L’étude présentée dans cette thèse s’inscrit dans la problématique générale de la maîtrise de l’information et dans le prolongement de travaux antérieurs conduits à ce sujet en France et en Pologne. L’objectif est d’évaluer l’expérience, les connaissances et les compétences des doctorants français et polonais quant à leur usage des revues scientifiques offertes par les bibliothèques universitaires, et ce, afin de mettre en place un programme éducatif, dédié aux doctorants, basé sur les standards de la maîtrise de l’information et visant à développer leur usage des revues scientifiques. / The purpose of the research described in this thesis was: to present the problem of information literacy (IL) from the perspective of the previous works in this domain, especially those conducted in France and in Poland; to evaluate the experience, knowledge, and skills of French and Polish doctoral students in the area of use of scientific journals offered by academic libraries; and to prepare and educational project for doctoral students, based on IL international standards and principally aimed at increasing the use of scientific journals.

Com a adoção de diferentes estratégias de pesquisa identificadas no texto como “Números”, “Conceitos” e “Quase letras”, a tese busca compreender as relações entre as condições de atuação científica, os comportamentos informacionais dos pesquisadores, as características das publicações científicas e os condicionantes do reconhecimento científico internacional no contexto brasileiro. Em “Números”, são apresentados os resultados da pesquisa bibliométrica realizada para caracterizar a produção e o impacto de certas áreas de pesquisa no Brasil, considerando a origem (nacional ou estrangeira) dos periódicos utilizados para a publicação de resultados, assim como a colaboração internacional. A amostra foi constituída por artigos com autoria de pesquisadores brasileiros em 19 subáreas do conhecimento publicados no período de 2002 a 2011, totalizando 85.082 artigos. Para o cálculo do impacto, foi utilizado um indicador normalizado denominado Relative Subfield Citedness (Rw), adotando uma janela de 5 anos para obtenção de medidas avaliadas em 2 anos distintos: 2007 e 2012. Os dados de artigos e citações foram coletados na base de dados Web of Science. Dos resultados obtidos, destaca-se que grande parte das subáreas apresentou, de 2002/2006 para 2007/2011, uma melhoria de desempenho nos rankings mundiais de produção. Em relação à publicação em periódicos nacionais e estrangeiros, foi observada uma tendência de manutenção da distribuição da produção das subáreas de acordo com a origem do periódico. Especificamente sobre o impacto, identificou-se um padrão de Rw inferior dos artigos brasileiros publicados em periódicos nacionais em todas as subáreas, comparados com os publicados em periódicos estrangeiros; em algumas subáreas, inclusive, os publicados em periódicos estrangeiros superam a média de impacto mundial. Adotando outra estratégia de pesquisa, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo baseado em entrevistas com membros da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC) sobre suas percepções a respeito das condições de atuação científica no Brasil, bem como de seus próprios comportamentos em relação à construção, comunicação e uso da informação científica. Em “Conceitos” é relatada a busca por uma estrutura de análise para os dados desta pesquisa qualitativa, que resultou na proposição de um modelo fundamentado na premissa de que os comportamentos informacionais dos pesquisadores incluem estratégias que visam tanto assegurar o cumprimento de seu ofício de produção de conhecimentos, como também ampliar as chances de aceitação social de seu trabalho. Considerando a ênfase dessa concepção, as categorias de análise propostas foram reunidas em modelo que foi denominada Modelo 2C2S, identificando que os comportamentos informacionais podem se constituir como estratégias de Conhecimento, Conservação (2C), Sucessão ou Subversão (2S) no âmbito da estrutura de poder de uma área de pesquisa. Os conceitos que dão suporte a essa premissa tem origem na noção de campo científico de Bourdieu, cujo esquema sobre as relações entre “condições de existência”, “habitus”, “práticas e trabalhos” e “percepção e apreciação” foi adaptado para formar um esquema sobre as relações entre “condições de atuação científica”, “comportamentos informacionais”, “publicações científicas” e “reconhecimento científico”. Todos os elementos que constituem o Modelo 2C2S são exemplificados com trechos de entrevistas com os membros da ABC, ilustrando a adequação das categorias propostas para representar os relatos sobre os eventos empíricos estudados. Em “Quase letras”, são apresentados os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados para a coleta de dados das entrevistas e as ferramentas analíticas que estão sendo aplicadas aos depoimentos, partindo da estrutura de análise obtida com o Modelo 2C2S. A análise completa dos dados empíricos desta pesquisa está ainda em fase de elaboração. / With the adoption of different research strategies identified in the text as "Numbers", "Concepts" and "Quasi letters", this thesis aim to understand the relations between conditions of scientific performance, researchers informational behaviors, characteristics of scientific publications and determinants of international scientific recognition in the Brazilian context. In "Numbers", data from bibliometric research were presented to characterize the production and the impact of certain research areas in Brazil, considering the origin (national or foreign) of the journals in which the results were published, as well as international collaboration. The sample consisted of papers published by Brazilian researchers in 19 areas of knowledge published from 2002 to 2011, totaling 85,082 articles. For impact’s calculation, a standardized indicator called Relative Subfield Citedness (Rw) was used, adopting a window of 5 years to obtain measures evaluated in two distinct years: 2007 and 2012. Data of articles and citations were collected on the Web of Science database. From results obtained, it is remarkable that for most of the sub-areas presented, from 2002/2006 to 2007/2011, a performance improvement in the world rankings of production was observed. In relation to publications in national and foreign journals, a tendency to maintain the production distribution of subareas according to the origin of the periodical was noticed. In the context of impact, a lower Rw pattern was identified for Brazilian articles published in national journals in all subareas, compared with those published in foreign journals; in some subareas, even those published in foreign journals exceed the average global impact. Adopting another research strategy, a qualitative study was conducted based on interviews with members of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (ABC), about their perceptions regarding the conditions of scientific activity in Brazil, as well as their own behaviors relative to the construction, communication and use of scientific information. In "Concepts", the search for a structure of analysis for the data of this qualitative research is reported, which resulted in the proposition of a model based on the premise that the informational behaviors of the researchers include strategies that aim both to ensure the fulfillment of their production of knowledge, as well as to increase the chances of social acceptance of their work. Considering the emphasis of this conception, the categories of analysis proposed were grouped in a model that was called Model 2C2S, identifying that informational behaviors can be constituted as Knowledge, Conservation (2C), Succession or Subversion (2S) strategies within the framework of Power of a research area. The concepts that support this premise are originated in Bourdieu's notion of the scientific field, whose scheme on the relations between "conditions of existence," "habitus," "practices and works," and "perception and appreciation" has been adapted to form a Schema on the relations between "conditions of scientific action", "information behaviors", "scientific publications" and "scientific recognition". All the elements that constitute the Model 2C2S are exemplified by excerpts from interviews with ABC members, illustrating the appropriateness of the categories, proposed to represent the reports on the empirical events studied. In "Quasi letters ", we present the methodological procedures used to collect interview data and the analytical tools that are being applied to the testimonies, starting from the structure of analysis obtained with the Model 2C2S. The complete analysis of the empirical data of this research is still being elaborated.

TARUHN, Rosane. Desenvolvimento cooperativo de coleções de revistas científicas na Rede Brasileira de Informação em Ciências da Saúde. São Paulo, 2007. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Escola de Comunicações e Artes. Universidade de São Paulo. A partir da observação das mudanças sociais no final de século XX, em grande parte decorrentes dos avanços da tecnologia, esta pesquisa apresenta um breve histórico do surgimento de livros e revistas científicas até os dias atuais. Descreve os processos do trabalho de desenvolvimento de coleções em bibliotecas, destacando a importância desses, assim como da formalização de política com a finalidade de tornar claros os valores considerados, de acordo com o perfil dos usuários. Inclui aspectos de ações em cooperação no desenvolvimento de coleções de revistas científicas e de programas de assinaturas e acesso a estas no Brasil. Objetivo: Analisar os processos de desenvolvimento de coleções de revistas científicas, nas bibliotecas cooperantes da Rede Brasileira de Informação em Ciências da Saúde, coordenada pela BIREME, e identificar rumos do desenvolvimento cooperativo dessas coleções diante das novas tecnologias. Método: Questionário estruturado e publicado na Web para ser respondido por 45 bibliotecas cooperantes do Catálogo Coletivo SeCS (Seriados em Ciências da Saúde) no Portal de Revistas da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Resultados: Dos questionários enviados 60% foram respondidos. A tabulação das respostas permitiu verificar, principalmente, que 51,9% das bibliotecas respondentes possuem documento formalizado de Política de Desenvolvimento de Coleções, embora apenas 26% tenham pesquisado o perfil do usuário ou da comunidade. Afirmaram fazer parte de um programa cooperativo de aquisição de revistas 48,1%, onde se incluem os programas planificados de aquisição de universidades e outros. Dos respondentes, 88,8% afirmaram fazer parte do Programa Periódico CAPES e 70,8% dessas realizam aquisição adicional de revistas. A possibilidade futura de somar recursos de orçamento para aquisição cooperativa de revistas não se mostra possível para 66,6% Dos 27 respondentes, 96,3% afirmaram utilizar sempre o Portal de Revistas da BVS e o catálogo Coletivo SeCS. Em razão da recomendação existente em acordo da BIREME com representantes da Rede, para que se mantenha pelo menos uma coleção de cada um dos títulos constantes no Portal, a existência do título para decisão de nova assinatura é verificada por 55,6% dos respondentes. Para cancelamento de assinatura, 33,3% consultam o título e coleções e 66,7% não os consultam, o que permite avaliar que, sob o aspecto de desenvolvimento cooperativo de coleções, esses itens não estão sendo suficientemente observados. Sobre o formato das revistas, 44,4% declararam que os usuários preferem revistas eletrônicas; 33,3% não têm preferência; 14,8% preferem revistas impressas e 7,4% não sabem. A grande maioria (96,2%) considera que o Catálogo Coletivo SeCS continuará a existir, independentemente dos formatos das revistas. Conclusão: Para a Rede Brasileira Informação em Ciências da Saúde, coordenada pela BIREME e, mais especificamente para as bibliotecas cooperantes do Portal de Revistas da BVS, permanece o desafio de estreitar a colaboração de forma a divulgar amplamente os trabalhos realizados, modernizar o Catálogo Coletivo SeCS e promover ações que facilitem a sua comunicação e atuação, estimulando a formalização de diretrizes e treinamentos que possibilitem a adoção incondicional dos conceitos e propósitos dessa cooperação. / Starting with the observation of the social changes by the end of the 20th century - mostly due to the advances of technology - this research shows a brief track record of scientific books and journals to this day. It describes the processes of library collection development, highlighting their importance as well as the formalization of politics to make the values contemplated clear and according to the users\' profile. In addition it includes aspects of cooperation actions for the development of collections and subscription programs and access to these in Brazil. Objective: To analyze the collection development of scientific journals in the cooperating libraries of the Brazilian Network on Health Sciences Information coordinated by BIREME, and identify paths in these collections\' cooperative development vis-à-vis the new technologies. Method: A questionnaire structured and published on the Web to be responded by 45 cooperating libraries of the Serials Collective Catalog in Health Sciences in the Portal of Journals of the Virtual Health Library (VHL). Results: The responses corresponded to 60% of the questionnaires. The tabulation of the answers allowed mainly to verify that 51.9% of the responding libraries have a formalized Collection Development Policy document, although only 26% had studied the profile of the user or the community. Of these responding libraries 48.1%, declared being part of a cooperative program for the acquisition of journals. Here are included the planned University acquisition programs. Of the respondents, 88.8% declared taking part in the CAPES Periodicals Portal and 70.8% of these acquire additional journals. 66.6% don\'t see the possibility of adding budget resources for the cooperative acquisition of ournals in the future. Of the 27 respondents, 96.3% declared they always use the Portal of Journals and the Serials Collective Catalog. Because of the existing recommendation - in BIREME\'s agreement with the Network\'s representatives - to maintain at least one collection of each one of the titles in the Portal, 55.6% of the respondents check the existence of the title for the decision making of a new subscription. 33.3% consult the title and collections for the canceling of the subscription and 66.7% do not consult them. This allows assessing that from the collection cooperative development aspect these items are not being sufficiently observed. On the format of the journals, 44.4% declared that users prefer electronic journals; 33.3% have no preference; 14.8% prefer printed journals and 7.4% do not know. The great majority (96.2%) considers that the Serials Collective Catalog will continue existing irrespective of the journals\' formats. Conclusion: For the Brazilian Network for Health Sciences Information coordinated by BIREME, and more specifically for the cooperating libraries of the Portal of Journals in the VHL, remains the challenge of strengthening the collaboration so as to broadly publicize papers accomplished, update the Serials Collective Catalog and promote actions to facilitate its communication and operation, stimulating the formalization of guidelines and training that may enable the unconditional adoption of this cooperation\'s concepts and purposes

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of access to and use of library electronic resources and their implications on remote users at the National Open University of Nigeria. Specific objectives were formulated to: find out the different types of electronic resources available in the NOUN Library; investigate academic staffs’ and students’ level of awareness of electronic resources available in the NOUN library; explore the various types of electronic resources used by academic staffs and students of NOUN; find out how academic staffs and students access and use electronic resources in NOUN library; analyze the policies that enable access to and use of electronic resources by academic staffs and students at NOUN; find out the perceptions and attitudes of academic staffs and students toward the electronic resources available in the NOUN library; and identify the challenges associated with access to and use of electronic resources by the academic staffs and students of NOUN. The study adopted a quantitative research approach and survey research method was employed. The study targeted 1,680 population samples of which include 1,513 Students, 140 Academic staffs, and 27 Academic Librarians. Probability (Stratified random and systematic) sampling and nonprobability (purposive) sampling methods were adopted. Two sample frames were used: Students - classified into subgroups (Level) in each selected study centers and Academic staff - classified into subgroups (academic staff/academic librarian). Online (Google form) self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was sent to participants’ email. Data collected were analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). This finding revealed that electronic journals and electronic books are readily available in the NOUN library. Academic staff most likely, interact with the library staff or visit the library to be aware of library electronic resources, however, the students struggled to be aware through personal efforts. NOUN library creates awareness through the email and notice boards. The academic staff and students access and use the library electronic resources for various multidimensional purposes, however, there is a low patronage of these electronic resources by academic staff and students as less than 40% of academic staff and students access and use the library electronic resources. Electricity outage, low internet connectivity speed and high cost of access to internet were presented as challenges encountered while accessing and using electronic resources. Recommendations: the library management should develop awareness programmes that is appropriate for an ODL university community through the use of modern communication tools, and emphasy should be on the use of electronic resources in the university curriculum. / Information Science

Vortrag im Rahmen der Open Access Tage 2013, Session "Rechtliche Aspekte des Open Access": Bereits in der „Budapest Open Access Initiative“, dem „Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing“ und der „Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen“ wird die rechtliche Dimension von Open Access deutlich: Wissenschaftliche Werke sollen nicht nur zugänglich sondern nach nachnutzbar sein. Bei der Umsetzung des Grünen Weges des Open Access kann diese Nachnutzung nur selten umgesetzt werden, da wissenschaftliche AutorInnen im Rahmen von „Copyright Transfer Agreements“ mehrheitlich ausschließliche Nutzungsrechte an Verlage übertragen. Das sich in der politischen Diskussion befindliche Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht würde wissenschaftliche AutorInnen die rechtssichere Zugänglichmachung ihrer Werke auf Repositorien gewähren und damit einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Förderung von Open Access leisten. Vor dem Hintergrund der anhaltenden Diskussion um ein wissenschaftsfreundliches Urheberrecht und der Verankerung eines unabdingbaren Zweitveröffentlichungsrechts widmet sich die Session den rechtlichen Aspekten von Open Access. Referiert und diskutiert werden u.a. die Chancen und Herausforderungen von nicht-exklusiven Verwertungsgesellschaften im Wissenschaftsbereich sowie der Stand und die Perspektive des Zweitveröffentlichungsrechts. Darüber hinaus wird die praktische Umsetzung des Grünen Weges betrachtet: Am Beispiel der SLUB Dresden und dem DINI-Zertifikat 2013 wird der Umgang mit rechtliche Fragestellungen skizziert und mit den TeilnehmerInnen diskutiert. Vortrag 1 C3S: Cultural Commons Collecting Society – auch ein Modell für den Textbereich? Michael Weller (Europäische EDV-Akademie des Rechts, Merzig/Saar) Vortrag 2 Neues gesetzliches Zweitveröffentlichungsrecht – Update zu den Anforderungen an Bibliotheken und Wissenschaftseinrichtungen Thomas Hartmann (Max Planck Digital Library, München) Vortrag 3 Rechteklärung für OA-Zweitveröffentlichungen – das Serviceangebot der SLUB Dresden Elena Di Rosa (Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Dresden) Vortrag 4 DINI-Zertifikat 2013 – Neuerungen im Abschnitt Rechtliche Aspekte Michaela Voigt (Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Dresden)

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:10610469 研究代表者:松岡 光治 研究期間:1998-1999年度

Questa tesi di dottorato si pone come scopo lo studio della relazione complessa tra produttività e collaborazione scientifica sia di tipo formale sia informale. L’approccio che è adottato cerca di superare il classico trade-off che emerge dalla letteratura sulle reti e sulla teoria dei giochi; infatti, questa tesi rappresenta il tentativo di sviluppare una sintesi dell’approccio micro e macro allo studio delle collaborazioni scientifiche. A tal fine, il classico bagaglio metodologico è stato arricchito utilizzando tecniche di analisi complementari, quali l’analisi delle reti (e.g.: indici di centralità delle reti e coefficienti di clustering), l’econometria (e.g.: modelli di regressione ZIP e modelli di regressione troncati) ed infine l’economia sperimentale (e.g.: esperimenti in laboratorio). In particolare, sono state prese in considerazione due diverse comunità scientifiche con lo scopo di porre in evidenza le caratteristiche che le contraddistinguono: la comunità dei Geografi Top e la comunità degli Economisti italiani. Questa tesi è strutturata con il fine ultimo di porre in evidenza il ruolo che gli incentivi individuali degli scienziati parte della rete giocano nel modellare le strutture di collaborazione all’interno della rete stessa; ma, allo stesso tempo, nell’influenzare la propria produttività scientifica. Questa tesi è composta da tre diversi elaborati, ciascuno dei quali guarda al fenomeno della collaborazione e della produzione scientifica seguendo prospettive differenti, per permettermi di mettere in evidenza il ruolo giocato da quattro pilastri (i.e.: reti, comunità scientifiche, comportamenti collaborativi, incentivi individuali e conseguenze collettive) sulla base dei quali si fondano le strutture e la dinamica del “mondo della scienza”. / The aim of this thesis is to study the complex relationship between scientific productivity and (formal and informal) scientific collaborations. We follow an approach which goes beyond the classical trade-off that emerged from the literature around networks studies and game theory, in the attempt of developing a synthesis between a micro and a macro approach. In doing so, we enrich the toolset of available methodologies by adopting instruments which are typical of Network Analysis (e.g.: networks’ indices of centrality and clustering), Econometrics (e.g.: ZIP and Censored regressions), and Experimental Economics (e.g.: Laboratory experiments). In particular, we look at two different scientific communities, in order to capture different characteristics of the networks: the community of Top geographers, and the community of Italian economists. This thesis is structured with a view to emphasising the role that the incentives which move scientists within their network of collaboration play on shaping the network itself, but also on influencing their scientific productivity. The thesis is composed of three different essays, each of which approaches the phenomena of scientific production and collaboration from different perspectives, allowing me to highlight the role played by four basic components (i.e.: networks, scientific communities, collaborative behaviours, individual incentives and collective outcomes) in shaping the structure and dynamics of the “world of science”.