O objetivo deste trabalho é o ensino de ondulatória através de uma metodologia ativa de ensino que permita aos estudantes se engajarem com a própria aprendizagem. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi desenvolvida uma sequência didática que originou um produto educacional aplicável em aulas de Física no ensino médio. A metodologia implementada integrou os métodos ativos Instrução pelos Colegas (Peer Instruction) e Ensino sob Medida (Just-in-time Teaching), buscando o envolvimento cognitivo dos alunos. Além desses métodos, a sequência didática incluiu uma atividade experimental com espectrógrafo de baixo custo, atividades de resolução de problemas e dois debates, sobre o uso de câmara de bronzeamento artificial e a instalação de usina de fissão nuclear. O suporte teórico da metodologia foi a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud. As aulas foram estruturadas a partir de questões norteadoras com potencial de se tornarem situações-problema para os alunos. O produto educacional contém tarefas de leitura (com textos e questões sobre os textos), uma lista de testes conceituais, listas de problemas quantitativos, um modelo de minirrelatório e um opinário. As 21 aulas dessa proposta foram desenvolvidas com duas turmas de segundo ano do ensino médio, da rede privada de ensino, na cidade de Joaçaba, Santa Catarina. As atividades propostas foram realizadas com êxito. As respostas dos estudantes permitiram concluir que houve aprendizagem durante a aplicação da metodologia. Os resultados do opinário mostraram que houve boa receptividade à proposta de trabalho pela maioria dos estudantes que consideraram metodologia melhor para seu aprendizado do que os métodos tradicionais de ensino. / The main goal of this work is to teach waves through an active learning methodology that engages cognitively the students with their own learning. To achieve this goal, a didactic sequence was developed as an educational product to be used in high school physics classes. The present approach integrated two active learning methods - Peer Instruction and Just-in-Time Teaching - aiming to get more student engagement. In addition to these methods, other kinds of activities were included: an experimental activity with low cost spectrograph, problem solving and debates about tanning beds and nuclear plants. The Vergnaud’s Theory of Conceptual Fields supports this work. The lessons were organized around leading questions, which could turn out to be problem-situations to be solved by the students. The educational product contains a set of reading assignments, including texts and tasks, concept tests, problems list, a small report template and a questionnaire to gather the students’ opinions about the methodology. Twenty one lessons were applied to two classes for high school students at a private school in a Brazilian city (Joaçaba, in Santa Catarina). The results revealed the applicability of this teaching proposal. Answers given by the students showed that the learning was successfully achieved during the use of this methodology. The students´ evaluation was very positive. They considered this methodology more efficient for their learning than traditional teaching methods.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnologico / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T19:34:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1995 / Avaliaçào do impacto das imagens organizacionais na produção, utilizando a simulação como ferramenta de análise. Análise do impacto das mudanças de um sistema tradicional para o sistema Just in Time. Avalia em termos de produtividade e eficiência este processo de mudança. Apresenta um estudo de caso, em uma empresa de setor metal-mecânico, onde são aplicados os conceitos teóricos sobre a filosofia JIT e as técnicas de modelagem e simulação de sistemas. O trabalho de simulação chega a seu fim quando o analista tem satisfeito seus objetivos, ou quando não houver mais ações possíveis que venham a melhorar o desempenho do sistema.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / N. Sanjay Rebello / Regardless of discipline, a decades-long battle has ensued within nearly every classroom in higher education: instructors getting students to come to class prepared to learn. In response to this clash between teacher expectations and frequent student neglect, a group of four physics education researchers developed a reformed instructional strategy called Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT). This dissertation investigates the following three areas: 1) the fidelity with which undergraduate physics instructors implement JiTT, 2) whether student performance predicts student perception of their instructor’s fidelity of JiTT implementation, and 3) whether student perception of their instructor’s fidelity of JiTT implementation correlates with student views of their physics course. A blend of quantitative data (e.g., students grades, inventory scores, and questionnaire responses) are integrated with qualitative data (e.g., individual faculty interviews, student focus group discussions, and classroom observations). This study revealed no statistically significant relationship between instructors who spent time on a predefined JiTT critical component and their designation as a JiTT user or non-user. While JiTT users implemented the pedagogy in accordance with the creators’ intended ideal vision, many also had trouble reconciling personal concerns about their role as a JiTT adopter and the anticipated demand of the innovation. I recommend that this population of faculty members can serve as a JiTT model for other courses, disciplines, and/or institutions. Student performance was not a predictor of student perception instructor fidelity of JiTT implementation. Additionally, the majority of students in this study reported they read their textbook prior to class and that JiTT assignments helped them prepare for in-class learning. I found evidence that exposure to the JiTT strategy may correlate with a more favorable student view of their physics course. Finally, according to students, favorable JiTT implementation occurred when instructors reviewed all questions contained within the JiTT assignment during class and when instructors clearly connected JiTT questions to the textbook reading, lesson discussion, and other assignments. The impact of this work rests in its possibility to set the stage for future education studies on the fidelity of implementation of other research-based instructional strategies in various disciplines and how they affect student performance and perceptions.

O objetivo deste trabalho é o ensino de ondulatória através de uma metodologia ativa de ensino que permita aos estudantes se engajarem com a própria aprendizagem. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi desenvolvida uma sequência didática que originou um produto educacional aplicável em aulas de Física no ensino médio. A metodologia implementada integrou os métodos ativos Instrução pelos Colegas (Peer Instruction) e Ensino sob Medida (Just-in-time Teaching), buscando o envolvimento cognitivo dos alunos. Além desses métodos, a sequência didática incluiu uma atividade experimental com espectrógrafo de baixo custo, atividades de resolução de problemas e dois debates, sobre o uso de câmara de bronzeamento artificial e a instalação de usina de fissão nuclear. O suporte teórico da metodologia foi a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais de Vergnaud. As aulas foram estruturadas a partir de questões norteadoras com potencial de se tornarem situações-problema para os alunos. O produto educacional contém tarefas de leitura (com textos e questões sobre os textos), uma lista de testes conceituais, listas de problemas quantitativos, um modelo de minirrelatório e um opinário. As 21 aulas dessa proposta foram desenvolvidas com duas turmas de segundo ano do ensino médio, da rede privada de ensino, na cidade de Joaçaba, Santa Catarina. As atividades propostas foram realizadas com êxito. As respostas dos estudantes permitiram concluir que houve aprendizagem durante a aplicação da metodologia. Os resultados do opinário mostraram que houve boa receptividade à proposta de trabalho pela maioria dos estudantes que consideraram metodologia melhor para seu aprendizado do que os métodos tradicionais de ensino. / The main goal of this work is to teach waves through an active learning methodology that engages cognitively the students with their own learning. To achieve this goal, a didactic sequence was developed as an educational product to be used in high school physics classes. The present approach integrated two active learning methods - Peer Instruction and Just-in-Time Teaching - aiming to get more student engagement. In addition to these methods, other kinds of activities were included: an experimental activity with low cost spectrograph, problem solving and debates about tanning beds and nuclear plants. The Vergnaud’s Theory of Conceptual Fields supports this work. The lessons were organized around leading questions, which could turn out to be problem-situations to be solved by the students. The educational product contains a set of reading assignments, including texts and tasks, concept tests, problems list, a small report template and a questionnaire to gather the students’ opinions about the methodology. Twenty one lessons were applied to two classes for high school students at a private school in a Brazilian city (Joaçaba, in Santa Catarina). The results revealed the applicability of this teaching proposal. Answers given by the students showed that the learning was successfully achieved during the use of this methodology. The students´ evaluation was very positive. They considered this methodology more efficient for their learning than traditional teaching methods.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar uma unidade didática em nível de Ensino Médio sobre conceitos fundamentais de Eletromagnetismo, adequada para utilização com os métodos de ensino-aprendizagem Ensino sob Medida e Instrução pelos Colegas e implementá-la em uma turma do quarto semestre do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública de Pelotas-RS. O material desenvolvido e a escolha dos métodos de ensino foram subsidiados pelos aportes teóricos fornecidos pela Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de Ausubel e pela teoria Sociointeracionista de Vygotsky. As aulas foram estruturadas em 12 encontros de uma hora e trinta minutos cada um, sendo que sete desses encontros foram destinados à aprendizagem conceitual via os métodos Ensino sob Medida e Instrução pelos Colegas, três encontros para resolução de problemas numéricos tradicionais e dois encontros para aplicação do teste inicial/final. A análise dos resultados relativos a desempenho demonstra que a turma, composta por 30 alunos, obteve um ganho de aprendizagem estatisticamente significativo. Uma análise qualitativa sobre a receptividade dos alunos aos métodos de ensino apresenta resultados bastante positivos. Para o desenvolvimento da proposta foram elaborados textos de apoio, vídeos, questões conceituais e questões numéricas, um teste conceitual, um minidocumentário e um questionário de avaliação da aplicação dos métodos, que integram o produto educacional resultante deste mestrado. / This work aimed to develop a high school level didactical unit about fundamental concepts of Electromagnetism, suitable for use with two physics education research-based methods: Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instruction. Our proposal was implemented in a fourth semester class of a public high school, at a Brazilian city (Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul). The teaching methods were chosen, as well the elaboration of instructional materials, based on the main principles of Ausubel´s meaningful learning theory and on Vygotsky’s social interaction theory. The didactical unit was organized in 12 meetings of one hour and thirty minutes each. Seven of these meetings were intended for conceptual learning via Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instruction; three meetings, to solve traditional problems and two meetings for application of a pre/post-test. The performance analysis of the 30 students enrolled in the course shows that they achieved statistically significant learning gains. A qualitative analysis of the student’s receptivity to the teaching methods showed very positive results. The instructional materials are composed of texts, videos, conceptual and numerical questions, a pre/post-test, a short documentary and a questionnaire for evaluating the application of the methods. All of these constitute the educational product resulting from this Master dissertation.

Orientador: Paulo Correa Lima / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T02:07:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SantosNeto_FaustoFerreirados_M.pdf: 2574451 bytes, checksum: e24cbfc7b809b1748a11da92aa5cca33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Atualmente, numa economia globalizada, a sobrevivência das Empresas depende de suas habilidades e flexibilidades de inovar e efetuar melhorias continuas. Como resultado, as Empresas vem buscando incessantemente novas ferramentas de gerenciamento, que as direcionem para uma maior competitividade através da qualidade e produtividade. Este trabalho sugere um método para implementação de um Sistema de Manufatura Enxuta, numa empresa automobilística instalada no Brasil, que permita níveis mundiais de performance. Neste trabalho é feita uma revisão bibliográfica que engloba uma abordagem histórica do assunto e uma apresentação dos conceitos nos quais a Manufatura Enxuta está estruturado, além de ser apresentado um caso prático de implementação e abordagem gerencial, relatando seus estágios e os resultados obtidos. O que foi extremamente relevante é que esta implementação alcançou excelentes resultados, que foram obtidos sem investimentos em pessoal ou maquinários, mas apenas na no estudo e na implementação das ferramentas de manufatura enxuta Por fim, é feita uma análise relacionada a essa abordagem / Abstract: Nowadays, in the global economy, organizations survival depends on their capacity and flexibility to do continuous improvements, which take them to harder competitively through quality and productivity This work suggest a method for implementation, a Lean Manufacturing System, in an automobilist company installed in Brazil, that allow the company to reach a best industrial performance. This job is a bibliographic revision that inc1udes historic assumptions and presentation of concepts regarding lean manufacturing structure besides practice presentation and manager approach relating phases and results achieved. What was extremely relevant is that this implementation reached excellent results, which were obtained without investments in personal or machine, but only in the study or relocation of lay out and implementation of lean manufacturing tools. And the end it' s done related analyses of total approach / Mestrado / Planejamento e Gestão Estrategica da Manufatura / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar uma unidade didática em nível de Ensino Médio sobre conceitos fundamentais de Eletromagnetismo, adequada para utilização com os métodos de ensino-aprendizagem Ensino sob Medida e Instrução pelos Colegas e implementá-la em uma turma do quarto semestre do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública de Pelotas-RS. O material desenvolvido e a escolha dos métodos de ensino foram subsidiados pelos aportes teóricos fornecidos pela Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de Ausubel e pela teoria Sociointeracionista de Vygotsky. As aulas foram estruturadas em 12 encontros de uma hora e trinta minutos cada um, sendo que sete desses encontros foram destinados à aprendizagem conceitual via os métodos Ensino sob Medida e Instrução pelos Colegas, três encontros para resolução de problemas numéricos tradicionais e dois encontros para aplicação do teste inicial/final. A análise dos resultados relativos a desempenho demonstra que a turma, composta por 30 alunos, obteve um ganho de aprendizagem estatisticamente significativo. Uma análise qualitativa sobre a receptividade dos alunos aos métodos de ensino apresenta resultados bastante positivos. Para o desenvolvimento da proposta foram elaborados textos de apoio, vídeos, questões conceituais e questões numéricas, um teste conceitual, um minidocumentário e um questionário de avaliação da aplicação dos métodos, que integram o produto educacional resultante deste mestrado. / This work aimed to develop a high school level didactical unit about fundamental concepts of Electromagnetism, suitable for use with two physics education research-based methods: Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instruction. Our proposal was implemented in a fourth semester class of a public high school, at a Brazilian city (Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul). The teaching methods were chosen, as well the elaboration of instructional materials, based on the main principles of Ausubel´s meaningful learning theory and on Vygotsky’s social interaction theory. The didactical unit was organized in 12 meetings of one hour and thirty minutes each. Seven of these meetings were intended for conceptual learning via Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instruction; three meetings, to solve traditional problems and two meetings for application of a pre/post-test. The performance analysis of the 30 students enrolled in the course shows that they achieved statistically significant learning gains. A qualitative analysis of the student’s receptivity to the teaching methods showed very positive results. The instructional materials are composed of texts, videos, conceptual and numerical questions, a pre/post-test, a short documentary and a questionnaire for evaluating the application of the methods. All of these constitute the educational product resulting from this Master dissertation.

The Swedish energy companies have several different systems for data collection of the energy consumption of their clients. Often computerized remote meter readers are put in practice in order to register the energy consumption of large companies. The majority of household clients, however, are read off by the assistance of manual methods. Household power consumption is read off once a year. As a result, these clients are not debited for their actual consumption; their invoices during the year are the result of estimations. At times when the electricity supply system is highly loaded, electricity is more expensive. Nevertheless all clients are billed with an average price. Many clients are dissatisfied with this situation. A large number of clients find it difficult to understand their invoices and demand them to be made easier to understand and to contain a specification of actual energy consumption. The Swedish Gov. wants energy companies to decrease the number of power peak loads and so new regulations concerning more frequent meter readings will probably be put in practice. In this essay different kinds of methods are described for data collection with the purpose of finding out which method power companies in Sweden should adopt in the future. Computerized systems that power companies could use are for example CustCom, Mcom and BBIF20. These systems are based on hourly remote meter readings, monthly remote meter readings and hourly remote meter readings combined with certain control functions. Finally it is recommended that power companies in Sweden should introduce hourly remote meter readings on all the power consumption provided that new regulations concerning more frequent meter readings are put into practice.

On a daily basis organizations strive to achieve maximum output with minimum input for greater levels of efficiency and profitability. However, in our dynamic modern world and economy the variables have changed dramatically and the time when business was simply about the ‘bottom line’ and all else was subordinate to the objective of profit, has come and gone. In the contemporary world of business today the variables are much broader and more dynamic, as people are no longer just employees, and suppliers are no longer people whose payment should be delayed for as long as possible. In addition, the environment is no longer to be plundered at all costs. Today Lean as an all-encompassing management philosophy with its emphasis on adding value, is more relevant in business than at any other point in business history. At a time when the global economy is facing some of its greatest challenges, it is ultimately business and its networks that, through effective management, can restore the global economy and provide livelihoods to millions of people. The Lean management philosophy is about constantly searching for the best possible way of doing things and eliminating waste in pursuit of value. If Lean is in pursuit of eliminating waste and turning it into value, and the customer, irrespective of required product, is in constant pursuit of finding value, then Lean is surely the management philosophy that can deliver the greatest level of customer satisfaction. This means satisfied customers returning to an organization for repeat sales as long as they perceive that the value they derive meets their expectations.

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