SUMMARY Lina Kunickaitė The development of country tourism in Šiauliai region. Master’s work. The aim of master thesis “Country tourism in Šiauliai region” is to analyze the activity of Šiauliai region country tourism homesteads and to present the possibilities of these homesteads development. The theoretical part of master thesis will discuss country tourism as business and what place it takes in the tourism system. The experience of foreign countries in countries tourism is generalized; the services rendered by country tourism, business development assumptions in Lithuania and Šiauliai region are analyzed. According to contents analysis data, two the main problems as the influence of tourism law change for the country tourism development, the quality of services, investment and others, with which persons, taking part in country tourism business collide, were distinguished. According to questionnaire poll data, it may be stated that analysis of Šiauliai region country tourism development SWOT will help to distinguish negative factors, the elimination of which will allow efficient development of country tourism.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, 2015. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2016-01-11T15:20:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_IgorEduardoJesusMagalhaes.pdf: 1798713 bytes, checksum: a29b9cad6b2b666ae001e17f4b10ad0a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-01-25T16:19:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_IgorEduardoJesusMagalhaes.pdf: 1798713 bytes, checksum: a29b9cad6b2b666ae001e17f4b10ad0a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T16:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_IgorEduardoJesusMagalhaes.pdf: 1798713 bytes, checksum: a29b9cad6b2b666ae001e17f4b10ad0a (MD5) / Objetivos. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar as respostas funcionais e eletrofisiológicas do músculo sóleo de indivíduos fisicamente ativos, influenciados pelo uso da Kinesiotaping (KT). Métodos. Vinte e nove voluntários participaram deste estudo. Todos os voluntários realizaram as 3 condições: Linha de Base (LB) - sem aplicação da KT; ATIVKT - aplicação da KT em ativação; INIBKT - aplicação da KT em inibição. As condições foram aleatorizadas para os indivíduos. O desenho experimental consistia na realização de 3 séries de contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM), com 5s de duração.Após a avaliação da força,foi evocado o reflexo H, que consistia na estimulação do músculo sóleo através do nervo tibial. Foram utilizados 32 disparos de corrente, intervalados por um período de 2 a 4 segundos. Ao final do estudo, por meio de cálculo em rotinas do Matlab, foram extraídos os valores de torque dos intervalos da TDF (0-30, 0-50, 0-100 e 0-200), dos parâmetros relativos ao reflexo H (Hmax, H-limiar, inclinação da curva, corrente no limiar, a 50% e a 100% do Hmax) e os valores preditos relacionados à superposição das curvas condicionadas (ATIVKT e INIBKT) sobre a curva controle (H@Limiar, H@50% e H@100%).Os valores pertinentes a amplitude do reflexo foram normalizados pela amplitude do Mmax. Os valores de corrente foram normalizados pelo 50% da corrente para se evocar o Mmax. Para a comparação da TDF, após os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, foi utilizado o teste de Friedman, com comparações de Wilcoxon em pares, para detectar diferenças entre os grupos. Para os dados relativos aos parâmetros do reflexo H, foi utilizado o ANOVA para medidas repetidas, com o teste de Bonferroni para detectar diferenças entre os grupos. A significância foi de 5% (p<0,05).Resultados.De acordo com o IPAQ, o nível de atividade física dos participantes foi classificado da seguinte forma: nível baixo (n=4), nível moderado (n=9) e nível alto (n=16). Nove voluntários foram excluídos da análise dos valores de corrente e das amplitudes pós, por não apresentarem uma medida estável da onda M ou por apresentarem erros após os cálculos realizados pelo Matlab. Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes para nenhum dos parâmetros extraídos da curva de recrutamento do reflexo H, entre as diferentes condições (P>0,05). Contudo, foi encontrada uma diferença significante no H@Limiar da condição ATIVKT quando a mesma foi comparada com a condição LB (P=0,025).Foram encontrados grandes tamanhos dos efeitos nas comparações entre a condição ATIVKT vs LB (ES=5,43) e condição INIBKT vs LB (ES=3,57). Com relação a TDF,quando as condições foram comparadas entre si, em cada intervalo de tempo, não foram encontradas diferenças significantes para a TDF em nenhuma das comparações (P>0,05). Conclusão.Os achados do presente estudo demonstraram que após a aplicação da KT no protocolo de ativação, foi possível verificar um aumento da amplitude do reflexo H para o mesmo valor de corrente necessários para evocar o reflexo H limiar na condição sem a fita. Isto pode indicar um aumento da excitabilidade dos motoneurônios verificados por uma diminuição do limiar de disparo destas fibras. Parece que uma estimulação das fibras aferentes cutâneas podem ter induzido uma diminuição do limiar dos motoneurônios por meio de uma estimulação da KT por um período de 48h. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate the functional and electrophysiological responses of the soleus muscle in physically active men, influenced by the use of Kinesiotaping (KT). Methods. Twenty nine volunteers participated in this study, all submitted to the application of KT in three different conditions: Baseline (BL) - without the KT; ACTIKT - with the KT in activation; INHIKT - with the KT in inhibition. The conditions were randomized for all participants. The experimental design consisted in the performance of 3 sets of maximal isometric voluntary contraction, with 5 s duration. After the strength evaluation, the H reflex was evoked, consisting in the stimulation of soleus muscle through tibial nerve. Thirty-two electric discharges were used, with 2-4 seconds interval between then. The torque values in the intervals of the rate of torque development (RTD) (0-30, 0-50, 0-100 and 0-200), the parameters of the H reflex (Hmax, H-Threshold, slope, current at threshold, current at 50% and current at Hmax) and the predicted values related to the superposition of the conditioning and control curves (H@Threshold, H@50% and H@max) were calculated in a Matlab subroutine. The values related to the reflex amplitude were normalized by the Mmax amplitude.The current values were normalized by 50% of the current to evoke the Mmax. After the Shapiro-Wilks test, the Friedman test was used, with the post-hoc test of Wilcoxon, to detect differences between groups for the RTD. The ANOVA of repeated measures was used with the post-hoc of Bonferroni to detect differences between groups for the H-reflex parameters. The significance level was set at 5% (P>0,05). Results. According the IPAQ, the physical activity level of the participants was classified as: low level (n=4), moderate level (n=9) and high level (n=16). Nine volunteers were excluded of the current values and C-T curves comparisons analysis because they did not present a stable measure of the M wave or by calculations errors detected in the Matlab analysis. No significant differences were found for the parameters extracted from the recruitment curve of the H-reflex between conditions (P>0,05). However, a significant difference was found at H@Threshold in the ACTIKT compared with the BL condition (P=0,025). A large effect size was found in comparisons between the ACTIKT vs BL (ES=5,43) and the INHIKT vs BL(ES=3,57). With respect to RTD, no significant difference was found between conditions and intervals (p>0,05). Conclusion. The findings of the present study demonstrated an increase of the H-reflex amplitude for the same current value needed to evoke the H-Threshold, when the activation protocol was compared to the condition without the tape. This may indicate an increase in the motoneuron excitability verified by a decrease in the threshold of these fibers. It seems like a stimulation of the skin afferents may have induced a decrease in the threshold of the motoneurons by the KT usage over 48h.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologia em Saúde, 2015. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-01-18T15:55:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_ThiagoVilelaLemos.pdf: 7295267 bytes, checksum: 4a9540da1e72feda4137b1c19ce1de45 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-02-25T13:51:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_ThiagoVilelaLemos.pdf: 7295267 bytes, checksum: 4a9540da1e72feda4137b1c19ce1de45 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-25T13:51:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_ThiagoVilelaLemos.pdf: 7295267 bytes, checksum: 4a9540da1e72feda4137b1c19ce1de45 (MD5) / Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o comportamento da temperatura, da atividade eletromiográfica (EMG), da força muscular, da amplitude de movimento (ADM) e da atividade eletroencefalográfica (EEG), após a aplicação da Kinesio Taping (KT) no músculo reto femoral, com diferentes tensões e direções. Metodologia: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado e cego, com uma amostra de 32 sujeitos jovens saudáveis, divididos em dois grupos (n=16). No grupo A, a KT foi aplicada sobre a região do músculo reto femoral do membro dominante, no sentido de origem para inserção muscular (facilitação) e, no grupo B, da inserção para origem (inibição). O membro não dominante foi usado como controle, sem a KT. No primeiro dia a KT foi aplicada com 0% de tensão, no segundo dia com 10 a 15% de tensão e no terceiro dia com a tensão total de 75 a 100%. As avaliações foram realizadas antes, imediatamente após a aplicação da KT, e 24 horas com a presença da bandagem. Antes de cada aplicação, a musculatura foi submetida a uma vibração mecânica sobre o tendão patelar, a fim de provocar uma situação basal de desequilíbrio neuromuscular em todos os grupos. Resultados: Quando comparada a temperatura intra grupos, não houve diferença significativa entre o membro experimental, submetido às aplicações de KT, e o membro não dominante, o controle. No entanto, a temperatura do grupo A, com 24hs na tensão à 75%, obteve diferença significativa, com redução da temperatura, tanto no membro experimental (p=0,004) como no membro controle (p=0,005), entre os grupos. Quando avaliado a EMG o membro experimental do grupo A apresentou resultados significativos nos momentos pré e pós KT (p=0,003) e pós e 24hs (p=0,009) sem tensão; também pré e 24hs (p=0,009), pós e 24hs (p=0,002) a 10% de tensão; e pré e 24hs (p=0,006) a 75% de tensão. O grupo B também apresentou resultados significativos com 0% (p=0,002) e com 10% de tensão (p=0,02). Quando avaliada a força e a ADM entre os grupos não houver resultados significativos. Na EEG ocorreram alterações principalmente nas ondas Alfa e Beta no grupo A, porém os resultados não foram significativos provavelmente em decorrência da grande perda amostral. Conclusão: Conclui-se, a partir da metodologia proposta nesse estudo, que a Kinesio Taping aplicada sobre o músculo reto femoral não induz a alterações na temperatura local, na força muscular e na amplitude de movimento articular. Os valores absolutos da atividade eletroencefalográfica (EEG) sugerem alterações em áreas motoras, no entanto, sem relevância estatística. Na atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) ocorreram alterações significativas, porém, sem relação direta com a direção de aplicação. As maiores alterações desse sinal ocorreram nas aplicações de baixas tensões da KTT, sendo, 10% e nenhuma tensão. / Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the temperature, the electromyographic (EMG) activity, the muscle strength, the range of motion (ROM), and electroencephalographic (EEG) after the Kinesio Taping (KT) application on the Rectus Femoral with different tensions and directions. Methods: This is a controled, randomized, blind clinical trial with a sample of 32 healthy young subjects, divided into two groups (n=16). Group A, the KT was applied on the dominant limb from the muscle origin to its insertion (facilitation), and Group B, from the insertion to its origin (inhibition). The nondominant limb was used as the control of this study without the KT. On the first day KT was applied with 0% of tension, on the second day with 10 to 15%, and on the third day with the total tension of 75 to 100%. The evaluations were performed before, immediately after the KT application, and 24 hours with the tape. Before each application, the muscle was subjected to a mechanical vibration of its tendon (patellar) in order to cause a neuromuscular imbalance. Results: The results from this study when evaluated the strength and ROM between the groups didn’t show any significant results. Significant results were presented in these outcomes when was compared the differentes moments on the experimental limb, but almost the same happenned with the control limb. When the EMG was evaluated, the experimental limb of the group A showed significant results on pre and post KT (p=0,003), and post with 24 hours (p=0,009) without tension; also on pre and 24h (p=0,009), and post with 24h (p=0,002) at 10% tension; pre with 24h (p=0,006) at 75% tension. The group B also showed significant results with 0% (p=0,002), and with 10% of tension (p=0,02). However, the temperature of the group A, in 24 hours at 75% tension had a significant difference, obtained a reduction in the temperature, both it happenned on the experimental limb (p=0,004) and also on the control limb (p=0,005) between the groups. The EEG had several changes most on the Alpha and Beta waves on group A, but due to a large sample loss due to corrupted data, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: There are no changes in the local temperature, muscle strength and range of motion, so changes have occurred in electroencephalographic activity (EEG), but without statistical significance. Electromyographic (EMG) activity had some statistically significant changes, but not directly related to the direction of application, and the major changes occurred on the applications with low KTT tension like 10%.

Each mitotic chromosome is constituted by two sister chromatids whose correct segregation to the daughter cells is ensured by amphitelic attachment, in which the two sister kinetochores (KTs) are attached to microtubules (MTs) from opposite mitotic spindle poles. KT mis-attachments can occur in early mitosis and cause chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy if not corrected. These mis-attachments include monotelic (one attached and one unattached sister KT), syntelic (both sister KTs attached to the same spindle pole), and merotelic (a single KT attached to MTs from opposite spindle poles) attachments. A biochemical pathway named the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) is responsible for delaying anaphase onset to allow correction of KT mis-attachments. SAC activation is believed to occur due to KT localization of certain SAC proteins and/or lack of tension, but only monotelic attachment has been proven to activate the SAC. To determine if and how other KT mis-attachments may activate the SAC, we studied how molecular composition and structure of the KT changes in response to different types of attachments. Our data suggest that monotelic attachment is the only type of attachment that can induce a SAC response thanks to the accumulation of the SAC protein Mad2 at the KT. Our data also indicate that structural changes of the KT, measured as intra- or inter-KT stretching, do not directly induce a SAC response. Instead, our findings suggest decreased KT stretching, especially in inter-KT stretching of syntelic chromosomes, may play a key role in bringing MCAK and other KT substrates closer to Aurora B kinase for rapid and efficient correction of KT mis-attachments. / Master of Science

Syfte Syftet var att utvärdera om aktiv slutextension i knäleden kan påbörjas direkt postoperativt utan risk för ökad främre knälaxitet efter främre korsbandsrekonstruktion. Ett annat syfte var att ta reda på vilket sätt rörelseomfånget i knäleden påverkas av omedelbar aktiv slutextensionsträning efter främre korsbandsrekonstruktion. Metod Undersökningen är en prospektiv, randomiserad, kontrollerad studie baserad på data insamlade från 30 patienter (14 män och 16 kvinnor) som genomgått främre korsbandsrekonstruktion på Capio Artro Clinic. Deltagarna lottades till att utföra ett av två postoperativa hemträningsprogram, antingen gruppen med ”passiv slutextension” (kontrollgrupp) n=15, eller gruppen med ”aktiv slutextension” (interventionsgrupp) n=15. Materialet insamlades med början i mars 2013 och avslutades i december 2013. Utvärderingen genomfördes preoperativt, direkt postoperativt samt fyra månader postoperativt. Främre knäledslaxitet mättes med KT-1000 laxitetsmätare och knäledsrörligheten mättes med goniometer med lång skänkel. Resultat Ingen signifikant skillnad förelåg mellan grupperna vid mätning av främre knälaxitet preoperativt, direkt postoperativt samt 4 månader postoperativt. Ingen signifikant skillnad kunde uppmätas mellan grupperna avseende flexion och extension fyra månader postoperativt. Slutsats Aktiv knäextension i form av statiska quadricepskontraktioner och raka benlyft kan utföras direkt postoperativt efter främre korsbandsrekonstruktion med hamstringsgraft utan risk för ökad främre knälaxitet. Det krävs dock en större studie med fler patienter för att säkerställa power Nyckelord ACL-rekonstruktion, Anterior tibial translation, Knäextension, KT-1000 laxitetsmätare

Economic liberalisation initiatives at the behest of international financial institutions and bilateral donors have been accompanied by regulatory reform. This requires adoption of a standard regulatory template through legislative reform by the recipient jurisdiction. This thesis argues that every jurisdiction, given its unique social, political, economic and cultural attributes, possesses a unique character which in turn requires customised regulatory solutions. This thesis argues that a simplistic legal instrumentalist approach to regulatory reform, disregarding the unique regulatory attributes, is unlikely to succeed in achieving its regulatory objectives. In other words, it is bound to have ‘less than intended’ effect. The thesis discusses this phenomenon of global diffusion of regulatory norms in the context of legislative changes incorporating the World Bank’s global regulatory template in the electricity sector in India. Since the sector is administered at the State level, the thesis focuses on the implementation of the legislative arrangements regulating the state and privatising the state-owned entities in the State of Andhra Pradesh. It argues that any regulatory reform initiative aimed at introducing a standard model is bound to encounter societal forces in the nature of co-option, resistance, uneasy co-existence etc. As a consequence, a standard model will not be able to bring about the intended social and economic changes and that the institutional and administrative processes associated with the standard model themselves undergo a transformation. It demonstrates that this was the reason for the reform measures not yielding the desired results in the State level electricity sector in India.

Concerns about safe driving practices in individuals with dementia often fall to caregivers, who are frequently faced with the difficult task of initiating the conversation about driving and driving cessation with their loved ones, a topic that can be a very emotional and sensitive for older adults. Several print-based resources are currently available to caregivers, however, emerging research suggests that disseminating information through a medium that depicts the complexities involved in decision-making about driving, such as applied theatre, may be more effective than these traditional print-based methods. Currently, there are no resource guides available for caregivers that incorporate applied theatre into their dissemination methods. In light of this research, this dissertation followed the principles of Knowledge Translation to work closely with caregivers to develop (Study 1) and evaluate (Study 2) a toolkit centered around an applied-theatre production called No Particular Place to Go. In Study 1, the comments and suggestions obtained from focus groups and individual interviews with 17 (eight informal and nine formal) dementia caregivers were incorporated into a toolkit called Down the Road, which consists of the play, No Particular Place to Go (in DVD-format), an accompanying viewer guidebook, and supplemental information cards. In Study 2, using a pre-post design, a total of 70 general caregivers (31 informal and 39 formal), including dementia caregivers, evaluated Down the Road by completing the Driving-Related Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (DRSEQ) and a User Satisfaction survey. Both informal and formal caregivers’ self-efficacy around various topics related to older driver safety increased after reviewing Down the Road. Additionally, caregivers favourably received the toolkit. This work moved beyond information gathering by incorporating the expressed needs of caregivers to translate knowledge into an effective, research-based toolkit that can provide caregivers with an interactive resource for use individually or in facilitated groups. / Graduate / 0621

Šiame magistro darbe, pavadinimu „Ezoterika J. Ivanauskaitės romane „Placebas“, ezoteriniu aspektu nagrinėjamas Jurgos Ivanauskaitės romanas „Placebas“ (2003). Darbas yra naujas ir aktualus, nes iki šiol minėtu aspektu J. Ivanauskaitės romanas „Placebas“ ir apskirtai visa jos kūryba dar nebuvo tyrinėta. Šio darbo tikslas yra analizuojant J. Ivanauskaitės romaną „Placebas“ ezoteriką iš hermetinio, okultinio religijų ir mitologijų, slaptųjų doktrinų lygmens įvesti į literatūros lauką, mistinį elementą redukuoti į simbolio, kūrinio poetikos lygmenį. Taip pat siekiama atskleisti ezoterikos svarbą nagrinėjamo kūrinio pasaulėvaizdyje. Darbą sudaro: pratarmė, įvadas, du pagrindiniai skyriai, išvados, naudotos literatūros sąrašas bei priedai. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje pavadinimu „Ezoterika – ypatingas pasaulio suvokimo būdas“ pristatoma ezoterikos samprata, ištakos, aptariama raida (hermetizmas, okultizmas, ezoterizmas), nagrinėjami ezoterikos ir religijos santykiai, aiškinamos jos sąsajos su „Naujojo amžiaus“ judėjimu. Antrojoje darbo dalyje pavadinimu „Ezoterikos raiška J. Ivanauskaitės romane „Placebas“ aptariama Placebo organizacijos ezoterinė veikla, nagrinėjamos sąsajos su slaptosiomis viduramžių draugijomis. Analizuojama ezoterikos raiška išorinėje (materialiojoje) bei vidinėje (jausminėje) romano veikėjų gyvenimo sferose. Bandoma nustatyti, kokį vaidmenį ezoterika vaidina J. Ivanauskaitės kūrinio pasaulėvaizdyje. Apibendrinus darbo rezultatus paradyta išvada, jog ezoterika J... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this master thesis, named Esoterica in J. Ivanauskaite`s novel “Placebas”, in an esoteric way J. Ivanauskaite novel “Placebas” (2003) is analyzed. The topic is new and actual, because in this above-mentioned aspect the novel “Placebas” or Ivanauskaite’s novels were not investigated. The aim of this thesis is analyzing J. Ivanauskaite novel “Placebas” esoterica from the hermetic, occult religions, mythology and secret doctrines perspectives to bring it to the literature context and to reduce the mystical element to the symbol, poetic context. The other task is to show the importance of esotericism in the outlook of the analyzed writing. The thesis consists from introduction, two main chapters, conclusions, references and appendices. In the first chapter Esoterica – a special way of understanding the world the concept of esotericism, sources are presented, the development (hermetism, occultism, esotericism) is discussed ant the esotericism and religion relations are investigated, as well as it’s connections with “New Age” movement. In the second chapter called The signs of esoteric in J. Ivanauskaite`s novel “Placebas” Placebo organization esoteric activities are discussed and the links with secret medieval fellowships are investigated. The esoterica expression in outer (materiality) and inner (feelings) characters lives spheres. And the role of esoterica in J. Ivanauskaite writing was tried to evaluate. Concluding the results of this thesis it can be said, that esoterica in... [to full text]

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, 2017. / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2018-04-16T19:03:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_JoséRobertodeSouzaJúnior.pdf: 1125409 bytes, checksum: c29ce13f9bdf780599dd52c2dc207bb1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2018-04-25T20:49:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_JoséRobertodeSouzaJúnior.pdf: 1125409 bytes, checksum: c29ce13f9bdf780599dd52c2dc207bb1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-25T20:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_JoséRobertodeSouzaJúnior.pdf: 1125409 bytes, checksum: c29ce13f9bdf780599dd52c2dc207bb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-25 / Introdução: Dor lombar crônica inespecífica é definida como uma dor na região lombar com duração maior que 12 semanas, que não está relacionada a patologias específicas. Diversos recursos têm sido utilizados para tratar os diferentes aspectos destes pacientes, entre estes as bandagens terapêuticas como a Kinesio Taping (KT). Alguns estudos verificaram resultados positivos da KT em aspectos como dor, incapacidade e mobilidade, todavia há pouca evidência sobre a influência desta nos aspectos musculares. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos imediatos da Kinesio Taping sobre a função muscular dos eretores da espinha de mulheres com dor lombar crônica inespecífica que apresentam ou não um aspecto psicológico (medos e/ou crenças relacionadas à atividade física). Métodos: Ensaio clínico, com randomização do tratamento, aberto, aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Goiás com parecer de número 1.620.688 e registrado no Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos - RBR5xh3ch. Foi utilizado um dinamômetro isocinético e um eletromiógrafo de superfície para avaliar a função muscular dos eretores da espinha. A Kinesio Taping foi aplicada em “I” para facilitação dos eretores da espinha seguindo as recomendações do método. Os dados foram analisados no SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) versão 23.0 considerando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes na força, fadiga e atividade muscular ao se comparar as avaliações realizadas sem e com a bandagem (p>0,05) nas mulheres com dor lombar que não apresentaram medos e/ou crenças relacionadas à atividade física. Observaram-se diferenças significantes na força muscular ao se comparar as avaliações realizadas sem e com a bandagem (p<0,05) nas mulheres com dor lombar que apresentaram medos e/ou crenças relacionadas à atividade física. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a KT não apresenta efeitos imediatos sobre a função muscular dos eretores da espinha de mulheres com dor lombar crônica inespecífica quando não há medos e/ou crenças relacionadas, entretanto a KT apresenta efeitos positivos sobre a força muscular quando estes estão presentes. Sugere-se que tais melhoras ocorram por efeito placebo visto que não há mudanças na atividade muscular. / Introduction: Nonspecific chronic low back pain is defined as a pain in the lumbar region lasting more than 12 weeks, which is not related to specific pathologies. Several resources have been used to treat the different aspects of these patients, among them the therapeutic taping like Kinesio Taping (KT). Some studies have verified positive results of KT in aspects such as pain, disability and mobility, however there is little evidence about its influence on muscular aspects. Objective: To evaluate the immediate effects of Kinesio Taping on the muscular function of erector spinae of women with nonspecific chronic low back pain who present or not a psychological aspect (fear and/or beliefs related to physical activity). Methods: Clinical trial, with treatment randomization, open, approved by the research ethics committee of the Universidade Federal de Goiás with the number 1,620,688 and registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials - RBR-5xh3ch. An isokinetic dynamometer and a surface electromyography were used to evaluate the muscle function of erector spinae. The Kinesio Taping was applied in "I" for the facilitation of erector spinae following the recommendations of the method. The data were analyzed in the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 23.0 considering p<0,05. Results: No significant differences were found in strength, fatigue and muscle activity when comparing the evaluations performed without and with the taping (p>0,05) in women with low back pain who do not present fear and/or beliefs related to physical activity. Significant differences in muscle strength was observed when comparing the evaluations performed without and with the taping (p<0,05) in women with low back pain who present fear and/or beliefs related to physical activity. Conclusion: It is concluded that KT does not present immediate effects on muscle function of erector spinae of women with nonspecific chronic low back pain who do not present fears and/or beliefs related, however KT has effects positive on muscle strength when these are present. It is suggested that such improvements occur by the placebo effect since there are no changes in muscle activity.

Situated in the post-war socio-political milieu, there has been a poverty of citizenship education in Hong Kong schools for more than three decades. The political changes of decolonization and reintegration with mainland China pose new challenges to political education in Hong Kong. Starting with a concern over the programme of civic education in Hong Kong secondary schools, the present study addresses the question of the role of schooling in transmission of social-political orientation to the students. Drawing upon the theoretical perspectives and findings of political socialization studies, Neo-Marxism, and critical studies of colonial education, the present study conceptualizes school as an agent of political socialization and analyzes the current objectives, contents, organization and implementation of civic education programmes, as well as the formal and informal curriculum at work in six secondary schools in Hong Kong, in particular with reference to the very nature of 'citizenship' itself and die notion of 'civic education'. Albeit with the civic education movement in the 1980s onwards, civic education in schools still fail to provide our further citizens with the necessary political orientation and competence in democracy and national identity to prepare for the change in political system. Instead, the role of school performs socializing and stabilizing functions to the status quo. This dissertation further discusses the theoretical significance on the debate about the role of schooling in political socialization and in the constitution of adolescent political culture and of political order. Practical implications concerning political education in Hong Kong are discussed in addition to a critique and evaluation of civic education programmes in schools.