Potassium is an essential element, which is important in many plant processes. It functions as a major osmotic and is involved in the regulation of turgor during cell growth or stomatal movements. It is also important for maintaining membrane potencial. In plants, potassium transporters from the KT/HAK/KUP family are involved in the transport of K+ . Some of them are important in the uptake of K+ from the enviroment (HAK5, KUP7), others in regulation of cell turgor (KUP2, KUP6, KUP8). In Arabidopsis thaliana, less characterized KT/HAK/KUP transporters include KUP5 and KUP9, which I studied in this diploma thesis. In this diploma thesis, I analyzed the growth phenotype of kup5 mutant plants. The results show that kup5 mutant plants are not more sensitive to K+ deficiency than wild-type plants, therefore KUP5 is probably not involved in the K+ uptake from the enviroment. Kup5 mutant plants were larger than wild-type plants, had larger root and hypocotyl cells as well as longer root meristematic zone. This growth phenotype suggests that KUP5 is involved in the regulation of cell growth, probably through turgor regulation. Using the pKUP5::KUP5-GFP construct, the KUP5 protein was localized in the ER, but this localization needs further verification. Using the pKUP5:GUS construct, KUP5 expression was...

Program evaluation has become an increasingly urgent task for organizations, agencies, and initiatives that have the obligation or motivation to measure program outcomes, demonstrate impact, improve programming, tell their program story, and justify new or continued funding. Evaluation capacity building (ECB) is an important endeavor not only to empower program staff to understand, describe, and improve their programs, but also to enable programs to effectively manage limited resources. Accountability is important as public funds for social programs continue to dwindle and program administrators must do their best to fulfill their program missions in ethical, sustainable ways despite insufficient resources. While ECB on its own valuable, as it can promote evaluative thinking and help build staff's evaluation literacy and competency, ECB presents a ripe opportunity for program staff to understand the principles of equity and inclusivity and to see themselves as change agents for societal transformation. In the present study, I developed, tested, and evaluated the concept of transformative ECB (TECB), a social justice-oriented approach, rooted in culturally responsive evaluation, critical adult education, and the transformative paradigm, which promotes not only critical and evaluative thinking, but also kaleidoscopic thinking. Kaleidoscopic thinking (KT) is thinking that centers social justice and human dignity through intentional consideration (turning of the kaleidoscope) of multiple perspectives and contexts while attending to the intersectional planes of diversity, such as culture, race, gender identity, age, belief system, and socioeconomic status. KT involves reflexivity, creativity, respect for diversity, compassion and hope on the part of the thinker when examining issues and making decisions. / Doctor of Philosophy / Program evaluation has become increasingly important for organizations seeking to measure program outcomes, demonstrate impact, improve programming, tell their program story, and make the case for new or continued funding. Evaluation capacity building (ECB) includes training that is important not only to help program staff to understand, describe, and improve their programs, but also to allow programs to successfully "do more" with less. While ECB on its own is valuable, as it can help program staff become more evaluation-minded and skilled, ECB presents a ripe opportunity for program staff to understand the principles of equity and inclusivity and to see themselves as drivers of social change. In this study, I developed, tested, and evaluated the idea of transformative ECB (TECB), a social justice-oriented approach, rooted in culturally responsive evaluation, critical adult education, and the transformative (social justice-related) framework. The TECB approach promotes not only critical thinking and evaluative thinking, but also kaleidoscopic thinking, which focuses on social justice and human dignity. KT involves reflexivity, creativity, respect for diversity, compassion, and hope on the part of the thinker when examining issues and making decisions.

Yes / This paper outlines the remit of the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council KT-EQUAL (Knowledge Transfer for Extending Quality of Life for older and disabled people) programme. Case examples drawing on the range of activities undertaken by KT-EQUAL highlight where assistive technology developments have been facilitated, the value of network activities and an underpinning model of engagement and collaboration. Given an increasing emphasis on the impact of research the model and innovative approaches deployed by KT-EQUAL are even more crucial in future developments which aim to ensure that research can be used to benefit society.

Ytan är en av kommunernas viktigaste resurser. På ytan spenderar människor sin vardag, möter andra människor, bygger tillit, utbyter idéer och förväntar sig kunna transportera sig på ett enkelt och bekvämt sätt. Transporter är nära förknippat med ytanvändning där det finns tydliga samband mellan de två. Här har planeraren en central roll när kommunerna ställs inför stora utmaningar som ökad befolkningstillväxt, urbanisering och föroreningar som med bristfälliga åtgärder riskerar att fördärva platsens värden. I den här uppsatsen studeras ytanvändning i Örebro, Helsingborg och Norrköping kommun. Studien besvarar hur olika trafikslag påverkar ytanvändningen, hur överbliven yta disponeras, vilken effekt kommunernas policys får för den fysiska miljön och vilka ytbesparande förutsättningar studerade kommuner har för att ställa om med hänsyn till rådande trafiksituation. Syftet i denna studie uppnås genom kvalitativt och kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt där kommunala dokument från Örebro, Helsingborg och Norrköping kommun, statistik samt trafikrelaterade teorier och tidigare forskning inkluderas. Resultatet av studien visar att det finns ytbesparande potential. Kommunerna planerar numera för förtätning, funktionsblandning, varierade upplåtelseformer samt ytsnåla trafiklösningar som GC och KT som förväntas spara yta och öka tillgängligheten. I kommunernas planeringen identifieras mönster med planering från centrum där enklare DP:s hittas i centrum medan mer omfattande DP:s sker runt stadskärnan. Planeringen har en tydlig social dimension som måste beaktas. Slutligen visar studien att det finns flera möjliggörande och begränsande aspekter såsom inlåsningseffekten av bilen samt diverse externa och interna förhållanden.

Le sujet de cette thèse sont les amplitudes d'hélicités de la leptoproduction exclusive et diffractive du méson rho dans la limite de Regge perturbative et au-delà du twist dominant. La compréhension de pareils processus exclusifs en termes des constituants élémentaires de QCD est un important défi pour comprendre la structure des hadrons. On présente ici deux nouveaux modèles phénoménologiques basés sur la kT-factorisation des amplitudes d'hélicités en un facteur d'impact γ*(λ) → ρ(λ'), où λ et λ' dénotent les polarisations du photon virtuel et du méson rho, et le facteur d'impact du nucléon cible. Les facteurs d'impacts γ*(λ) → ρ(λ') sont calculés en utilisant la factorisation colinéaire pour séparer la partie molle du méson rho. Le premier modèle est obtenu en combinant les résultats respectivement de twist 2 et twist 3 des facteurs d'impacts où les deux polarisations sont longitudinales ou transverses, avec un modèle pour le facteur d'impact du nucléon et un modèle pour les distributions d'amplitudes du méson rho. Dans la seconde approche présentée dans cette thèse, on calcule ces facteurs d'impacts dans l'espace des paramètres d'impacts et on montre que l'amplitude de diffusion d'un dipôle de couleur avec le nucléon se factorise, permettant de combiner nos résultats avec un modèle de section efficace de dipôle. On obtient en très bon accord avec les données de H1 et ZEUS pour des virtualités plus grandes que quelques GeV. Nous discutons les résultats obtenus et les comparons à d'autres modèles existants.

Motyvacija – itin svarbus veiksnys, lemiantis darbuotojų veiklos rezultatus, paliečiantis jų emocijas ir kuriantis tam tikrą elgesį ir darbingumą. Socialinių darbuotojų motyvavimas beveik nėra analizuotas mokslinėje literatūroje, todėl šiame darbe nagrinėjama socialinių darbuotojų motyvavimo priemonės bei metodai, lojalumo aspektai. Darbo tikslas – aptarti darbuotojų motyvavimo veiksnius ir priemones kaip prielaidas kurti motyvacinę sistemą socialinėse institucijose. Darbe aptariama svarbiausios personalo valdymo ir organizavimo funkcijos, šiuolaikinių motyvacijos teorijų apžvalga, darbuotojų lojalumas kaip motyvacijos veiksnys, socialinių institucijų samprata ir valdymas, socialinio darbuotojo profesijos ypatumai, motyvacijos veiksniai, priemonės, gale pateikiama socialinių darbuotojų motyvacijos tyrimo rezultatai. Pagrindinis motyvacijos svertas yra materialinių ir nematerialinių poreikių tenkinimas. Materialinis poreikių tenkinimas apibūdinamas, kaip konkrečiai suplanuoti užmokesčio sistemos plėtrą ir kaip taikyti rezultatyvumą atlyginantį darbo užmokestį, o nematerialinių poreikių tenkinimas, tai galimybė darbuotojams tobulėti dalykine ir vadovavimo prasme, taip pat ryžtingas atsakomybės perdavimas kaip atlygis už darbą gali papildyti iki šiol dominavusį paskatų arsenalą. Žmogaus profesinės veiklos sėkmė priklauso ne tik nuo jo norų ar individualių savybių, jų atitikimo profesijos keliamiems reikalavimams, bet ir nuo to, kaip jis priima ir vertina save, ir kaip save... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Motivation - a crucial factor in determining employee performance, affecting their emotions and the development of certain behavior and performance. Social workers are not nearly reasoning analyzed the scientific literature, so this work examines the social workers' motivation and the methods of the loyalty aspects. The aim of investigation was to discuss the workers' motivation factors and assumptions as to create a motivating system of social institutions. The paper discusses key management and personnel functions of the organization, an overview of contemporary theories of motivation, employee loyalty as a motivating factor, the concept of social institutions and governance, the social worker's professional qualities, the motivation factors, the measures, provided the end Social workers' motivation to study. The main motivation is the catalyst material and immaterial needs. Material needs is defined as the planned development of the system of pay and how to apply performance salary wages, and intangible needs, it is an opportunity for workers to grow business and management sense, but also a strong consideration as a transfer of responsibility for the work may add to the arsenal of incentives dominate now. Human professional success depends not only on his desires or the individual character of their profession match the requirements, but also, as he accepts and evaluates itself, and how to present themselves to others. Polled respondents self-assessment level is rather... [to full text]

The effects of cypermethrin, copper and glyphosate on the endocrine system and subsequent response to female pheromones were investigated in mature male brown trout (Salmo trutta) parr.  Responses measured were the amount of strippable milt, blood plasma levels of both an androgen (11-ketotestosterone (11-KT)) and a progestin (17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20b-P)), and behavioural changes. This was done in a two phased investigation where parr were exposed to one of the following via ambient water: 1) 0.1 or 1.0 μg L-1 cypermethrin, 2) 10 or 100 μg L-1 copper (Cu2+), or 3) 150 μg L-1 glyphosate for a 96 hour period.  Phase one was a priming experiment exposing parr to a treatment followed by priming with PGF2α or ovarian fluid (OVF). Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were, also exposed to glyphosate during phase I. The second phase was centered on behavioural observations.  Exposed parr were placed in a 35,000 L stream aquarium together with two ovulated females and four anadromous males. After the experiments a blood sample was taken, milt volumes measured and testes weighed.  The plasma was analyzed for 11-KT and 17,20b-P concentrations using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results from phase I-priming: 1.0 μg L-1 cypermethrin exposure lowered 17,20b-P and 11-KT; Copper exposure lowered milt volumes; glyphosate exposure lowered 11-KT in salmon and raised 17,20b-P in trout.  Results from phase II-behaviour: 1.0 μg L-1 cypermethrin exposure lowered 11-KT, milt and spawning behaviour; copper exposure lowered spawning behaviour and raised 11-KT; Glyphosate exposure lowered 11KT; continuous cypermethrin exposure raised 17,20b-P, 11-KT and gave a tendency towards increased aggression. It is concluded that low concentration exposure to the compounds examined can induce negative effects on male salmonid endocrine systems, either through a disruption in the olfactory system or through a direct effect. / Extern doktorand från Södertörns högskola

Dans la limite des hautes énergies, la petite valeur de la constante de couplage de l'interaction forte peut être compensée par l'apparition de grands logarithmes de l'énergie dans le centre de masse. Toutes ces contributions peuvent être du même ordre de grandeur et sont resommées par l'équation de Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL). De nombreux processus ont été proposés pour étudier cette dynamique. L'un des plus prometteurs, proposé par Mueller et Navelet, est l'étude de la production de deux jets vers l'avant séparés par un grand intervalle en rapidité dans les collisions de hadrons. Un calcul BFKL ne prenant en compte que les termes dominants (approximation des logarithmes dominants ou LL) prédit une augmentation rapide de la section efficace avec l'augmentation de l'intervalle en rapidité entre les jets ainsi qu'une faible corrélation angulaire. Cependant, des calculs basés sur cette approximation ne purent pas décrire correctement les mesures expérimentales de ces observables au Tevatron. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions ce processus à l'ordre des logarithmes sous-dominants, ou NLL, en prenant en compte les corrections NLL aux facteurs d'impact, qui décrivent la transition d'un hadron initial vers un jet, et à la fonction de Green, qui décrit le couplage entre les facteurs d'impact. Nous étudions l'importance de ces corrections NLL et trouvons qu'elles sont très importantes, ce qui conduit à des résultats très différents de ceux obtenus à l'ordre des logarithmes dominants. De plus, ces résultats dépendent fortement du choix des échelles présentes dans ce processus. Nous comparons nos résultats avec des données récentes de la collaboration CMS sur les corrélations angulaires des jets Mueller-Navelet au LHC et ne trouvons pas un bon accord. Nous montrons que cela peut être corrigé en utilisant la procédure de Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie pour fixer le choix de l'échelle de renormalisation. Cela conduit à des résultats plus stables et une très bonne description des données de CMS. Finalement, nous montrons que, à l'ordre des logarithmes sous-dominants, l'absence de conservation stricte de l'énergie-impulsion (qui est un effet négligé dans un calcul BFKL) devrait être un problème beaucoup moins important qu'à l'ordre des logarithmes dominants.

Communication signals are shaped by the opposing selection pressures imposed by predators and mates. A dynamic signal might serve as an adaptive compromise between an inconspicuous signal that evades predators and an extravagant signal preferred by females. Such a signal has been described in the gymnotiform electric fish, Brachyhypopomus gauderio, which produces a sexually dimorphic electric organ discharge (EOD). The EOD varies on a circadian rhythm and in response to social cues. This signal plasticity is mediated by the slow action of androgens and rapid action of melanocortins. My dissertation research tested the hypotheses that (1) signal plasticity is related to sociality levels in gymnotiform species, and (2) differences in signal plasticity are regulated by differential sensitivity to androgen and melanocortin hormones. To assess the breadth of dynamic signaling within the order Gymnotiformes, I sampled 13 species from the five gymnotiform families. I recorded EODs to observe spontaneous signal oscillations after which I injected melanocortin hormones, saline control, or presented the fish with a conspecific. I showed that through the co-option of the ancient melanocortin pathway, gymnotiforms dynamically regulate EOD amplitude, spectral frequency, both, or neither. To investigate whether observed EOD plasticities are related to species-specific sociality I tested four species; two territorial, highly aggressive species, Gymnotus carapo and Apteronotus leptorhynchus, a highly gregarious species, Eigenmannia cf. virescens, and an intermediate short-lived species with a fluid social system, Brachyhypopomus gauderio. I examined the relationship between the androgens testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, the melanocortin a-MSH, and their roles in regulating EOD waveform. I implanted all fish with androgen and blank silicone implants, and injected with a-MSH before and at the peak of implant effect. I found that waveforms of the most territorial and aggressive species were insensitive to hormone treatments; maintaining a static, stereotyped signal that preserves encoding of individual identity. Species with a fluid social system were most responsive to hormone treatments, exhibiting signals that reflect immediate condition and reproductive state. In conclusion, variation in gymnotiform signal plasticity is hormonally regulated and seems to reflect species-specific sociality.

With an increasing demand for customized products with short delivery times, high quality, and competitive prices, manufacturing firms have to be flexible, agile, effective, and productive. In Industry 4.0, the focus were on technologies as a response to the shifted business environment. Nowadays, the integration of humans with Industry 4.0 technologies has gained interest, also known as Industry 5.0. With an increasing focus on humans, Knowledge Management (KM) and Knowledge Transfer (KT) become essential for organizations to stay at the forefront and sustain competitive advantage. Consequently, this research investigates how a manufacturing company could improve its KT to operators, especially through the use of the technology Augmented Reality (AR). This study is an exploratory case study with an inductive research approach. From a scientific perspective, this research has used an interpretivist approach. The research consisted of several phases where data from interviews, internal documents, and observations were collected and compared with previous research on the subject. Through several data sources, triangulation of data was possible andthe research questions were answered. The approach of the thesis was to, firstly, analyze current KT methods within a manufacturing setting, secondly, to analyze the required knowledge, and, thirdly, to analyze the fit of AR within KT. It was found that KT through face-to-face communication was commonly used and could create a dependability on human interaction. It was also found that documents were used as a KT method and that a discrepancy in usage could occur. Moreover, it was found that the required knowledge by operators was related to operational, problem-solving, and innovative capabilities. With regard to this, it was found that AR primarily could aid explicit KT and enhance operational capabilities. It was also found that it could aid within additional areas as well, such as being a tool for problem-solving and interdivisional KT. The thesis contributes towards academics by connecting AR for operator support to the concepts of KT and KM. The thesis also contributes towards practice by giving recommendations on the usage of AR within a manufacturing context and contributes towards the discussion of aiding peers in their workplace development. / Med en ökad efterfrågan på skräddarsydda produkter med korta livscyklar, hög kvalitet, och konkurrenskraftiga priser måste produktionssystem bli mer flexibla, agila, effektiva och produktiva. Iindustri 4.0 var fokuset att med hjälp av teknologier nå ett skifte i dessa, men med ett ökat fokus på att integrera människan kom industri 5.0. Med ett ökat fokus på människan blir kunskapshantering och kunskapshantering en viktig del för organisationer att ligga i framkant och upprätthålla konkurrenskraftighet. Därav undersöker det här arbetet hur en bearbetande produktion kan förbättra dess kunskapsöverföring till maskinoperatörer, speciellt genom användandet av teknologin Augmented Reality (AR). Denna studien är en utforskande fallstudie med en induktiv ansats och från ett metodologiskt perspektiv har studien haft en interpretivistisk ansats. Forskningen bestod av flera faser där data från intervjuer, interna dokument och observationer samlades och jämfördes med tidigare forskning inom ämnet. Genom flera datakällor var triangulering av data möjligt och forskningsfrågorna kunde besvaras. Arbetet började med att analysera dagens metodik inom kunskapsöverföring för att sedan kolla på vilken kunskap som krävs av operatörer. Sedan undersöktes hur AR kan användas inom kunskapsöverföring. Resultatet och analysen visade att face-to-face var en vanligt förekommande metod som orsakar ett beroende på människorna involverade i processen. Det visade sig även att användandet av dokument var vanligt förekommande för att överföra kunskap och att en diskrepans kan förekomma. Kopplat till kunskapen hos operatörer visade det sig att operatörer behöver kunskaper som är operativa och kunskaper relaterat till problemlösning och innovation. Sedan undersöktes AR där det visades att AR bidrar mestadels inom explicit kunskapsöverföring och bidrar till operationella kunskaper. Det visade sig även att AR bidrar inom interdivisionell kunskapsöverföring och användas som ett verktyg vid problemlösning. Arbetet bidrar inom både praktiken och till litteratur. Till litteratur bidrar arbetet genom att föra samman AR som hjälpmedel för operatörer med kunskapsöverföring och kunskapshantering. Arbetet bidrar även till praktiken genom att ge rekommendationer för användandet av AR och till kunskapsöverföring till anställda för att främja en utveckling på arbetsplatsen.