Plasmazellen gehören zu den Effektorzellen des adaptiven Immunsystems. Langlebige Plasmazellen tragen durch kontinuierliche Sekretion protektiver Antikörper wesentlich zum humoralen Gedächtnis bei und überleben hauptsächlich in spezialisierten Nischen des Knochenmarks. Bislang ist jedoch kein Marker bekannt, mit dessen Hilfe langlebige Plasmazellen eindeutig identifiziert werden können. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der molekularbiologischen, phänotypischen und funktionellen Charakterisierung von reifen Plasmazellen im gesunden humanen Knochenmark, die sich durch die differentielle Expression von CD19 unterscheiden. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass CD19negative Plasmazellen durch eine vergleichsweise geringere Expression von CD45 und HLADR einen höheren Reifegrad aufweisen als CD19positive Plasmazellen. Zudem lässt die vermehrte Expression von CD28, Mcl1, Bcl2 sowie die schwächere Expression u.a. von CD95 darauf schließen, dass CD19negative Plasmazellen im Knochenmark eine bessere Überlebenskapazität besitzen als CD19positive Plasmazellen. Da beide Plasmazellpopulationen ähnliche Antigen-Spezifitäten aufweisen, Plasmazellen im Knochenmark von Säuglingen ausschließlich CD19 exprimieren und nach sekundärer Vakzinierung im Blut detektierbare Plasmablasten und Plasmazellen ebenfalls CD19 auf ihrer Oberfläche exprimieren, weist die Gesamtheit der Daten darauf hin, dass sich CD19negative Plasmazellen im Kindesalter in situ aus reifen CD19positiven Plasmazellen im Knochenmark entwickeln. Die CD19negative Plasmazellpopulation leistet durch hohe Halbwertszeit und Stabilität einen konstanten Beitrag zur Aufrechterhaltung des humoralen Gedächtnisses. Die CD19positive Plasmazellpopulation stellt hingegen eine flexible Komponente dar, die eine Anpassung der humoralen Immunität und des humoralen Gedächtnisses an aktuelle Herausforderungen auch im Erwachsenenalter ermöglicht. / Plasma cells are effector cells of the adaptive immune system. Humoral memory is sustained by long-lived plasma cells that continuously secrete protective antibodies and mostly reside in specialized niches in the bone marrow. So far, no marker is known that could distinguish long-lived plasma cells from short-lived ones. The present work addresses the biomolecular, phenotypical and functional characterization of mature plasma cells in healthy human bone marrow that differ in their expression of the surface marker CD19. CD19negative plasma cells showed higher maturity than CD19positive plasma cells as they expressed lesser amounts of CD45 and HLADR. Moreover, higher expression of CD28, Mcl1 and Bcl2 and lesser expression of CD95 argues for a better survival capacity of CD19negative plasma cells. Both plasma cell populations showed similar antigen specificities. All plasmablasts and plasma cells detectable in blood after secondary vaccination expressed CD19, as well as all plasma cells isolated from infant bone marrow. These results indicate that CD19negative plasma cells mainly develop during childhood by further differentiation of mature CD19positive plasma cells in situ in the bone marrow. CD19negative plasma cells represent a long-lived and stable component of the adaptive immune system and humoral memory, whereas the CD19positive plasma cell population displays a flexible element allowing for adaption of humoral immunity to new challenges throughout a lifetime.

Background: Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can be recovered from a variety of tissues in the body. Yet, their functional properties were shown to vary depending on tissue origin. While MSC have emerged as a favoured cell type for tendon regenerative therapies, very little is known about the influence of the MSC source on their properties relevant to tendon regeneration. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the expression of tendon extracellular matrix proteins and tendon differentiation markers in MSC derived from different sources as well as in native tendon tissue. MSC isolated from equine bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord tissue, umbilical cord blood and tendon tissue were characterized and then subjected to mRNA analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: MSC derived from adipose tissue displayed the highest expression of collagen 1A2, collagen 3A1 and decorin compared to MSC from all other sources and native tendon tissue (p < 0.01). Tenascin-C and scleraxis expressions were highest in MSC derived from cord blood compared to MSC derived from other sources, though both tenascin-C and scleraxis were expressed at significantly lower levels in all MSC compared to native tendon tissue (p < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the MSC source impacts the cell properties relevant to tendon regeneration. Adipose derived MSC might be superior regarding their potential to positively influence tendon matrix reorganization.